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ÂGE

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Le respect dû aux personnes âgées a caractérisé de tout temps la politesse orientale, comme le bon voisinage, l'hospitalité. Israël n'y a pas manqué : « Tu te lèveras devant les cheveux blancs et tu honoreras la personne du vieillard » (Le 19:32. Cf. Pr 16:31 23:22). Job mentionne comme signe suprême de sa dignité morale le fait que les vieillards mêmes se levaient à son approche (Job 29:8).

Toute dérogation à cette règle de déférence était jugée scandaleuse (De 28:50,2Ro 2:23, Esa 47:6). L'état patriarcal et agricole de la société, la valeur de la tradition orale, ne pouvaient que développer ce sentiment. La guerre, au contraire, donnait du prestige aux hommes jeunes. Il pouvait en résulter de graves conflits (sous Roboam, l'incident relaté dans 1Ro 12:6-14 et parallèle 2Ch 10:6-14).

La longévité était tenue pour une bénédiction. (Job 5:26, Pr 20:29) D'ailleurs elle prouvait un état social stable. La sagesse des vieillards est proverbiale (Job 12:12). Les trois amis de Job parlent au nom d'une vieille expérience, qu'Élihu souligne avec quelque impertinence (Job 32:6-9).

Les infirmités de la vieillesse sont décrites dans 2Sa 19:35 et par l'Ecclésiaste, dans son style imagé (Ec 12:3-9). Il y est recommandé, là comme ailleurs, de ne pas attendre l'âge mûr pour se tourner vers Dieu, dont la fidélité est assurée jusqu'à la blanche vieillesse (Esa 46:4, Ps 92:15).

L'autorité des vieillards a tendance à se muer en fonction (le cheik arabe : vieillard). Ainsi apparurent les « anciens » d'Israël (Ex 3:16), qui eurent leur suite dans l'Église chrétienne. ( « presbytres », Ac 11:30) Voir Anciens.

L'Apocalypse n'a eu garde d'omettre ces adorateurs majestueux (Ap 4:4,10).

L'art chrétien a souvent figuré Dieu sous les traits d'un vieillard imposant.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 3

      16 Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, 'Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, "I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt;

      Lévitique 19

      32 "'You shall rise up before the gray head, and honor the face of an old man, and you shall fear your God. I am Yahweh.

      2 Samuel 19

      35 I am this day eighty years old. Can I discern between good and bad? Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? Why then should your servant be yet a burden to my lord the king?

      2 Chroniques 10

      6 King Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, who had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, "What counsel do you give me to return answer to this people?"
      7 They spoke to him, saying, "If you are kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever."
      8 But he forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men who had grown up with him, who stood before him.
      9 He said to them, "What counsel do you give, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying, 'Make the yoke that your father put on us lighter?'"
      10 The young men who had grown up with him spoke to him, saying, "Thus you shall tell the people who spoke to you, saying, 'Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter on us;' thus you shall say to them, 'My little finger is thicker than my father's waist.
      11 Now whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.'"
      12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king asked, saying, "Come to me again the third day."
      13 The king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,
      14 and spoke to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, "My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions."

      Job 5

      26 You shall come to your grave in a full age, like a shock of grain comes in its season.

      Job 12

      12 With aged men is wisdom, in length of days understanding.

      Job 29

      8 The young men saw me and hid themselves. The aged rose up and stood.

      Job 32

      6 Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered, "I am young, and you are very old; Therefore I held back, and didn't dare show you my opinion.
      7 I said, 'Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom.'
      8 But there is a spirit in man, and the breath of the Almighty gives them understanding.
      9 It is not the great who are wise, nor the aged who understand justice.

      Psaumes 92

      15 to show that Yahweh is upright. He is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

      Proverbes 16

      31 Gray hair is a crown of glory. It is attained by a life of righteousness.

      Proverbes 20

      29 The glory of young men is their strength. The splendor of old men is their gray hair.

      Proverbes 23

      22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and don't despise your mother when she is old.

      Ecclésiaste 12

      3 in the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those who look out of the windows are darkened,
      4 and the doors shall be shut in the street; when the sound of the grinding is low, and one shall rise up at the voice of a bird, and all the daughters of music shall be brought low;
      5 yes, they shall be afraid of heights, and terrors will be in the way; and the almond tree shall blossom, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail; because man goes to his everlasting home, and the mourners go about the streets:
      6 before the silver cord is severed, or the golden bowl is broken, or the pitcher is broken at the spring, or the wheel broken at the cistern,
      7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.
      8 "Vanity of vanities," says the Preacher. "All is vanity!"
      9 Further, because the Preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge. Yes, he pondered, sought out, and set in order many proverbs.

      Esaïe 46

      4 and even to old age I am he, and even to gray hairs will I carry you. I have made, and I will bear; yes, I will carry, and will deliver.

      Esaïe 47

      6 I was angry with my people, I profaned my inheritance, and gave them into your hand: you showed them no mercy; on the aged you have very heavily laid your yoke.

      Actes 11

      30 which they also did, sending it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.

      Apocalypse 4

      4 Around the throne were twenty-four thrones. On the thrones were twenty-four elders sitting, dressed in white garments, with crowns of gold on their heads.
      10 the twenty-four elders fall down before him who sits on the throne, and worship him who lives forever and ever, and throw their crowns before the throne, saying,
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