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CONFESSION

Action de confesser (grec exomo-logeîn) ; ce mot peut être pris dans deux acceptions différentes.

I

Se dit de ceux qui confessent leur foi. Jésus parle de ceux qui le confessent ou le renient devant les hommes (Mt 10:32, cf. Ap 3:6). Paul parle de la confession de la bouche qui exprime la foi du coeur (Ro 10:9 et suivant, cf. Php 2:11). L'épître aux Hébreux (Heb 13:15) voit dans cette confession un sacrifice de louanges, le fruit de nos lèvres. La 1 re ép. à Timothée associe la belle et courageuse profession de foi à l'idée du bon combat (1Ti 1:18) et voit le martyre à l'horizon (Jésus devant Pilate, 1Ti 6:13) ; il n'y a plus qu'à étendre la main pour saisir la vie éternelle (1Ti 6:12). Les épîtres johanniques y voient l'affirmation générale de la foi (1Jn 2:23), et de telle doctrine essentielle (1Jn 4:2,15 2Jn 1:7). Rapprocher de cette confession les nombreux passages de l'A.T. qui louent Dieu (Ps 66:1), lui donnent gloire (Esa 6:6, cf. Da 3:28).

II

Se dit de ceux qui confessent leurs péchés.

A. DANS L'A.T. 1. Il n'y a pas à en chercher l'origine dans les Psaumes de pénitence de la religion assyro-babylonienne. Le sentiment des péchés commis, l'aspiration vers le secours de la divinité, sont exprimés de façon très vive ; mais c'est toujours à propos de manquements extérieurs, rituels, qui ont entraîné des malheurs et des maladies. Rien de purement moral et religieux.

2. A travers l'histoire religieuse d'Israël on reconnaît un véritable progrès dans le sens et la valeur de l'aveu des fautes. A l'origine, l'homme a le sentiment très fort de son infériorité devant Dieu (poudre et cendre, Ge 18:27 ; trop petit, Ge 32:10). Une faute attire un mal sur le pays. La coulpe est physique en quelque sorte (Ge 20:9) ; mais la faute morale n'est pas ressentie (Ge 20:11), même quand la race est sérieuse et la crainte de Dieu présente. Avec Moïse, avec l'alliance entre le peuple et son Dieu, l'élément moral se précise dans les commandements (les décalogues, Ex 20,23 ; les lois qui forment la conscience, No 5:7 ; les rites de purification, Le 16:29). Le peuple sait qu'il doit être fidèle à son Dieu : battu, il se sait châtié ; naïvement il implore la délivrance (Jug 10:13-16). Mais il faut, pour trouver l'aveu d'une vraie faute morale dont on se sente responsable, descendre jusqu'à ces prophètes qui ont éveillé le sentiment du péché en Israël. (Nathan, 2Sa 12:1) La figure de David marque une date. Il y a encore dans son histoire ce qu'il y a au temps des Juges et de Saül, l'incompréhensible volonté divine, la faute qu'on ne reconnaît qu'au malheur, le péché contre Dieu sans élément moral (Jug 14:4,1Sa 15:9 24:1-17 : acte ordonné, péché contre la coutume, sentiment confus de la faute, angoisse, châtiment, noble intercession, tous ces éléments se heurtent). Mais après la lourde faute que Nathan lui reproche, l'aveu est franc, complet : la vraie confession apparaît (2Sa 12:13).

3. Avec les grands prophètes le sentiment de la souillure morale devient tout autre encore (Esa 6:6-7). On arrive à l'absolu de la conscience (Esa 5:20 1:10-17). Après les souffrances de l'exil, les âmes ayant été labourées, le sentiment de la responsabilité personnelle grandit (Eze 18). Et l'on arrive à cet admirable Ps 51 où la confession a toute la netteté et l'ampleur possibles : faute, état, coulpe, indignité, nécessité du pardon et du secours de l'Esprit saint, rien ne manque, c'est le sommet. Le Ps 32 insiste sur l'état de souffrance de l'âme qui se tait et sur la nécessité de l'aveu qui saisit le pardon et produit une détente. La confession se fait à Dieu seul. Point de détails : Dieu sait ; l'essentiel est de se reconnaître coupable et d'implorer le pardon avec un coeur contrit. A cette hauteur, le pardon est par grâce, la satisfaction offerte est d'essence spirituelle : sacrifice intérieur (Ps 51:18), action religieuse (Ps 51:15-17).

4. Lorsque le peuple retrouve sa patrie et s'installe, ses peines ne finissent pas et sa vie n'en est pas plus fidèle. Alors on entend de grandes confessions des péchés, non plus individuelles mais collectives ; Esdras déchire ses vêtements, s'arrache les cheveux ; Néhémie et le peuple jeûnent, couverts de sacs et de poussière, et confessent leurs péchés (Esd 9:3 et suivants, Ne 9:1 et suivants). Esdras, entouré de ceux qui ont la crainte de Dieu, s'humilie avec eux, pour eux. Néhémie unit la confession des péchés et la louange de Dieu--la double confession--dans une longue prière. Daniel (Da 9:3 et suivants) jeûne avec le sac et la cendre et confesse à Dieu les péchés de son peuple. Toutes ces prières sont de même style. C'est déjà en quelque mesure le ton que prendront les liturgies chrétiennes.

Le judaïsme devenant plus légal, on sent mieux la difficulté d'atteindre l'idéal. Plus on a de commandements, plus on voit de transgressions. L'humilité s'impose. Mais les attitudes diffèrent. Les uns sentent la force de la moindre prescription ; Philon (Leg. ad Caj. 16) arrive à une sorte de stoïcisme ; d'autres, cherchant dans la loi la volonté de Dieu, cultivent la sagesse en vue de la récompense. Toute justification, toute bénédiction vient à qui suit la loi. La prière qui comprend largement l'aveu des fautes avec une foi plus ou moins confiante, s'unit au jeûne. La disposition à la pénitence se marque par la prière et le jeûne. (cf. Lu 2) Confession des péchés et contrition se confondent avec l'idée même de conversion. On en unit la nécessité avec l'ère messianique attendue : si le peuple ne fait pas pénitence, le Messie ne peut venir (Hén. 50:2 91:14, cf. Ac 3:19).

B. DANS LE N.T. 1. La confession des péchés ouvre l'ère nouvelle avec la prédication de Jean-Baptiste. L'aveu consacre la repentance, laquelle est nécessaire en vue de la grande révolution qu'on attend. Il faut un changement des coeurs et de la vie pour que les prophéties s'accomplissent dans leur véritable sens. Jean-Baptiste ne dit pas autre chose que ce que les prophètes avaient dit ; mais il le fait avec originalité. Son baptême est le sceau de la repentance qu'il demande. La confession personnelle, sérieuse, est une pièce décisive de l'action qu'il exerce. Les Pharisiens voulaient s'y soustraire en faisant du baptême le signe d'une pureté déjà existante (Jos., Ant., XVIII, 5:2).

2. Dans l'enseignement de Jésus, deux points surtout sont à relever :

D'abord, à travers tout son ministère, le sérieux absolu qu'il réclame de ses disciples, le sentiment du péché qu'il éveille en eux, la valeur qu'il attribue à l'aveu dans la repentance. L'enfant prodigue (Lu 15:21), le péager (Lu 18:13) ont sur les lèvres la confession idéale, faite de douleur, d'humiliation et d'un sentiment indicible d'indignité. Rien d'un rite : le coeur s'ouvre, la conscience parle, Dieu est directement cherché et trouvé. Sa pure grâce donne le pardon (Lu 18:14). La foi du coeur obtient le salut (Lu 7:50). Tout l'Évangile est là.

Ensuite, au moment où Jésus quitte ses disciples, la façon dont il met en eux son Esprit pour qu'ils puissent continuer son oeuvre et former la société qui se réclamera de lui, et vivra de lui, son Église. Jésus pardonnait les péchés (Mr 2:5,10) ; il appelait à lui les âmes tombées et lasses (Mt 11:28) ; il exerçait une action libératrice, chassant les esprits malins, guérissant, sauvant (Lu 19:9 et suivant). Déjà, envoyant ses disciples en mission, il leur avait donné le pouvoir de guérir (Mt 10:1). Jean montre comment, dans la chambre haute, il leur confère celui de pardonner. Par un acte symbolique, soufflant sur eux, il leur donne son Esprit (Jn 20:23). Et quel pouvoir leur donne-t-il ainsi ? Assurément d'abord celui de discerner, de lire dans les coeurs. Et puis surtout une puissance d'action sur les âmes, pour les aider, les délier (Mt 16:19 18:18) ou, si elles sont rebelles, les déclarer liées, les lier (voir ce mot). Ce n'est pas un privilège restreint aux Douze, ni une charge qui se transmette, c'est le don spirituel conféré aux hommes de l'Esprit. C'est l'idéal : à chacun d'y tendre. C'est une réalité offerte ; l'esprit de consécration et de prière est là pour y amener.

3. Tout ceci se retrouve à l'état de choses vécues chez saint Paul. Il veut que les fidèles, avant la communion, s'examinent et reconnaissent leur état devant Dieu (1Co 11:28,2Co 13:6) ; quant à l'action qu'on exerce, il y a bien le discernement : « l'homme spirituel juge de toutes choses » (1Co 2:15). Et il y a un pouvoir : lier, c'est l'histoire d'Élymas (Ac 13:11) et du « Corinthien » (1Co 5:5). Mais ceci est du temps. Délier, c'est l'usage incessant de la puissance de l'Esprit dans l'apostolat : convertir (2Co 4), guérir, libérer (Ac 16:18 20:10). Il faut bien noter que pour l'apôtre l'idée du don, du charisme, est à côté des promesses faites à la foi en général ; et le charisme est individuel (1Co 12). Paul se sait apôtre et se sent l'objet d'une grâce et d'une mission particulières.

4. L'épître aux Hébreux n'admet pas de pardon pour la rechute après la conversion (Heb 10:26-31) ; c'est outrager l'Esprit de grâce. Il faut rapprocher ceci du péché contre le Saint-Esprit (Mt 12:31 et suivant) et de ce que l'épître de Jean dit du péché qui va à la mort (1Jn 5:16) ; c'était dans l'Église, aux premiers temps, une question débattue que le sort des âmes converties et retombées, dans l'idée où l'on était d'une seule pénitence avant le baptême.

5. L'épître de Jacques, par contre, nous introduit dans ces milieux populaires de Syrie sans doute, où les chrétiens, prenant avec simplicité les récits et les promesses de l'Évangile, mettaient en pratique l'intimité chrétienne et l'entr'aide. Voici un malade. Il fait venir les anciens. Il a quelque chose à avouer. La maladie n'est-elle pas en rapport avec le péché ? Les anciens l'oignent d'huile au nom du Seigneur. C'est la pratique médicale, et peut-être un peu plus, unie à la prière. L'homme guérit. Du même coup il est pardonné. « Confessez-vous donc réciproquement vos fautes. » C'est la confession mutuelle, familière aux milieux chrétiens bien unis.

6. La 1re épître de Jean insiste fortement sur la nécessité de se reconnaître pécheur ; c'est Dieu qui pardonne à qui confesse ses fautes, et qui purifie (1Jn 1:9, avec la contrepartie : « Si nous disons que nous n'avons point péché... » v. 10). C'est le principe énoncé dans toute sa spiritualité. Quant au chrétien qui voit pécher son frère, qu'a-t-il à faire pour lui ? Intercéder (1Jn 5:16) ; (a) quant au péché qui entraîne la mort (1Jn 5:16), (b) rien n'indique quel il est. On doit supposer un état de péché assez grave pour mettre fin à la communion avec Dieu.

C. DANS L'HISTOIRE DE L'ÉGLISE. Nous ne pouvons indiquer ici que très sommairement les étapes de la discipline primitive relative à la confession auriculaire.

1. L'Église des premiers temps, dans le domaine de la piété, a gardé des Juifs la coutume de la confession collective (Didaché 4:14, dans le culte), et, pour chacun, le devoir et le besoin de se confesser à Dieu. Les Pères, Chrysostome et Augustin, y insistent avec une grande force. Ni pour eux-mêmes, ni pour les fidèles, ils ne reconnaissent la confession à un prêtre avec absolution. Dans le domaine de la discipline ecclésiastique, pour ceux qui sont tombés, il y a la pénitence solennelle (Tertullien, De Poenit.) qui implique l'aveu public des fautes et, quand elle est secrète, l'aveu privé. Les longues épreuves de cette discipline sont suivies du rétablissement dans les droits du chrétien.

2. Au IV e siècle, lorsque le monachisme s'organise, la confession prend une grande place dans la vie des couvents, sous la forme des aveux, entre frères, ou faits au supérieur ; c'est alors une véritable direction pour vaincre les tentations, prévenir les chutes, tendre à la perfection. Il s'y ajoute la pratique de la coulpe monastique, la punition des fautes. Tout cela fait l'éducation des consciences et creuse le sentiment du péché : rien d'un sacrement. Par l'influence des couvents, la confession pénètre le monde laïque. Par un lent travail, elle tend à remplacer la pénitence publique. Les livres pénitentiels, depuis le VI e siècle, indiquent au prêtre les peines (satisfactions) qu'il a à prescrire. Ceci rend la confession plus détaillée, plus extérieure aussi ; les satisfactions deviennent plus légères. Jusqu'au XII e siècle l'absolution n'est qu'une intercession où les fidèles voient de plus en plus un pardon véritable.

3. La confession catholique est formée lorsqu'elle devient un sacrement, officiellement au concile de Latran (1215), et Thomas d'Aquin en donne la pleine théorie : contrition, confession, satisfaction, absolution.

4. On sait comment Luther eut à faire porter ses premiers efforts sur les indulgences, donc sur les questions relatives à la confession. Lui-même fut toujours très favorable à la confession privée. On peut dire que c'est un des problèmes urgents de la piété protestante d'assurer aux fidèles toutes les ressources que comporte le soin des âmes, sans retomber dans l'artificiel, le mécanisme et la magie. Le bienfait d'entretiens poussés à fond, des conseils éclairés et d'une action spirituelle libératrice et créatrice est chose incontestable. Préparer les pasteurs à cette activité, former un nombre croissant de laïques ayant le don, afin qu'ils soient un secours spirituel authentique pour un nombre d'âmes croissant, est le devoir permanent de l'Église. An.

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      Genèse 18

      27 Abraham answered, "See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord, who am but dust and ashes.

      Genèse 20

      9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said to him, "What have you done to us? How have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? You have done deeds to me that ought not to be done!"
      11 Abraham said, "Because I thought, 'Surely the fear of God is not in this place. They will kill me for my wife's sake.'

      Genèse 32

      10 I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.

      Exode 20

      1 God spoke all these words, saying,
      2 "I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
      3 "You shall have no other gods before me.
      4 "You shall not make for yourselves an idol, nor any image of anything that is in the heavens above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:
      5 you shall not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them, for I, Yahweh your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and on the fourth generation of those who hate me,
      6 and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
      7 "You shall not take the name of Yahweh your God in vain, for Yahweh will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
      8 "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
      9 You shall labor six days, and do all your work,
      10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates;
      11 for in six days Yahweh made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy.
      12 "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which Yahweh your God gives you.
      13 "You shall not murder.
      14 "You shall not commit adultery.
      15 "You shall not steal.
      16 "You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
      17 "You shall not covet your neighbor's house. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's."
      18 All the people perceived the thunderings, the lightnings, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking. When the people saw it, they trembled, and stayed at a distance.
      19 They said to Moses, "Speak with us yourself, and we will listen; but don't let God speak with us, lest we die."
      20 Moses said to the people, "Don't be afraid, for God has come to test you, and that his fear may be before you, that you won't sin."
      21 The people stayed at a distance, and Moses drew near to the thick darkness where God was.
      22 Yahweh said to Moses, "This is what you shall tell the children of Israel: 'You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.
      23 You shall most certainly not make alongside of me gods of silver, or gods of gold for yourselves.
      24 You shall make an altar of earth for me, and shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your cattle. In every place where I record my name I will come to you and I will bless you.
      25 If you make me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of cut stones; for if you lift up your tool on it, you have polluted it.
      26 Neither shall you go up by steps to my altar, that your nakedness may not be exposed to it.'

      Exode 23

      1 "You shall not spread a false report. Don't join your hand with the wicked to be a malicious witness.

      Lévitique 16

      29 "It shall be a statute to you forever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no kind of work, the native-born, or the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you:

      Nombres 5

      7 then he shall confess his sin which he has done, and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add to it the fifth part of it, and give it to him in respect of whom he has been guilty.

      Juges 10

      13 Yet you have forsaken me, and served other gods: therefore I will save you no more.
      14 Go and cry to the gods which you have chosen. Let them save you in the time of your distress!"
      15 The children of Israel said to Yahweh, "We have sinned: do you to us whatever seems good to you; only deliver us, please, this day."
      16 They put away the foreign gods from among them, and served Yahweh; and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel.

      Juges 14

      4 But his father and his mother didn't know that it was of Yahweh; for he sought an occasion against the Philistines. Now at that time the Philistines had rule over Israel.

      1 Samuel 15

      9 But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, and of the cattle, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was good, and wouldn't utterly destroy them: but everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly.

      2 Samuel 12

      1 Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, "There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
      13 David said to Nathan, "I have sinned against Yahweh." Nathan said to David, "Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.

      Esdras 9

      3 When I heard this thing, I tore my garment and my robe, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down confounded.

      Néhémie 9

      1 Now in the twenty-fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackcloth, and earth on them.

      Psaumes 32

      1 <> Blessed is he whose disobedience is forgiven, whose sin is covered.
      2 Blessed is the man to whom Yahweh doesn't impute iniquity, in whose spirit there is no deceit.
      3 When I kept silence, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long.
      4 For day and night your hand was heavy on me. My strength was sapped in the heat of summer. Selah.
      5 I acknowledged my sin to you. I didn't hide my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to Yahweh, and you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.
      6 For this, let everyone who is godly pray to you in a time when you may be found. Surely when the great waters overflow, they shall not reach to him.
      7 You are my hiding place. You will preserve me from trouble. You will surround me with songs of deliverance. Selah.
      8 I will instruct you and teach you in the way which you shall go. I will counsel you with my eye on you.
      9 Don't be like the horse, or like the mule, which have no understanding, who are controlled by bit and bridle, or else they will not come near to you.
      10 Many sorrows come to the wicked, but loving kindness shall surround him who trusts in Yahweh.
      11 Be glad in Yahweh, and rejoice, you righteous! Shout for joy, all you who are upright in heart!

      Psaumes 51

      1 <> Have mercy on me, God, according to your loving kindness. According to the multitude of your tender mercies, blot out my transgressions.
      2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity. Cleanse me from my sin.
      3 For I know my transgressions. My sin is constantly before me.
      4 Against you, and you only, have I sinned, and done that which is evil in your sight; that you may be proved right when you speak, and justified when you judge.
      5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity. In sin my mother conceived me.
      6 Behold, you desire truth in the inward parts. You teach me wisdom in the inmost place.
      7 Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean. Wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
      8 Let me hear joy and gladness, That the bones which you have broken may rejoice.
      9 Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all of my iniquities.
      10 Create in me a clean heart, O God. Renew a right spirit within me.
      11 Don't throw me from your presence, and don't take your holy Spirit from me.
      12 Restore to me the joy of your salvation. Uphold me with a willing spirit.
      13 Then I will teach transgressors your ways. Sinners shall be converted to you.
      14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, the God of my salvation. My tongue shall sing aloud of your righteousness.
      15 Lord, open my lips. My mouth shall declare your praise.
      16 For you don't delight in sacrifice, or else I would give it. You have no pleasure in burnt offering.
      17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. A broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.
      18 Do well in your good pleasure to Zion. Build the walls of Jerusalem.
      19 Then you will delight in the sacrifices of righteousness, in burnt offerings and in whole burnt offerings. Then they will offer bulls on your altar.

      Psaumes 66

      1 <> Make a joyful shout to God, all the earth!

      Esaïe 1

      10 Hear the word of Yahweh, you rulers of Sodom! Listen to the law of our God , you people of Gomorrah!

      Esaïe 5

      20 Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil; who put darkness for light, and light for darkness; who put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

      Esaïe 6

      6 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar.
      7 He touched my mouth with it, and said, "Behold, this has touched your lips; and your iniquity is taken away, and your sin forgiven."

      Lamentations 1

      1 How the city sits solitary, that was full of people! She has become as a widow, who was great among the nations! She who was a princess among the provinces has become tributary!
      2 She weeps bitterly in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; among all her lovers she has none to comfort her: All her friends have dealt treacherously with her; they are become her enemies.
      3 Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwells among the nations, she finds no rest: all her persecutors overtook her within the straits.
      4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn assembly; all her gates are desolate, her priests do sigh: her virgins are afflicted, and she herself is in bitterness.
      5 Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; for Yahweh has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.
      6 From the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, they are gone without strength before the pursuer.
      7 Jerusalem remembers in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that were from the days of old: when her people fell into the hand of the adversary, and no one helped her, The adversaries saw her, they mocked at her desolations.
      8 Jerusalem has grievously sinned; therefore she has become as an unclean thing; all who honored her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yes, she sighs, and turns backward.
      9 Her filthiness was in her skirts; she didn't remember her latter end; therefore is she come down wonderfully; she has no comforter: see, Yahweh, my affliction; for the enemy has magnified himself.
      10 The adversary has spread out his hand on all her pleasant things: for she has seen that the nations are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom you commanded that they should not enter into your assembly.
      11 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for food to refresh the soul: look, Yahweh, and see; for I am become abject.
      12 Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there is any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.
      13 From on high has he sent fire into my bones, and it prevails against them; He has spread a net for my feet, he has turned me back: He has made me desolate and faint all the day.
      14 The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand; They are knit together, they have come up on my neck; he has made my strength to fail: The Lord has delivered me into their hands, against whom I am not able to stand.
      15 The Lord has set at nothing all my mighty men in the midst of me; He has called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men: The Lord has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.
      16 For these things I weep; my eye, my eye runs down with water; Because the comforter who should refresh my soul is far from me: My children are desolate, because the enemy has prevailed.
      17 Zion spreads forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Yahweh has commanded concerning Jacob, that those who are around him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.
      18 Yahweh is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: Please hear all you peoples, and see my sorrow: My virgins and my young men are gone into captivity.
      19 I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: My priests and my elders gave up the spirit in the city, While they sought them food to refresh their souls.
      20 See, Yahweh; for I am in distress; my heart is troubled; My heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: Abroad the sword bereaves, at home there is as death.
      21 They have heard that I sigh; there is none to comfort me; All my enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that you have done it: You will bring the day that you have proclaimed, and they shall be like me.
      22 Let all their wickedness come before you; Do to them, as you have done to me for all my transgressions: For my sighs are many, and my heart is faint.

      Ezéchiel 18

      1 The word of Yahweh came to me again, saying,
      2 What do you mean, that you use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?
      3 As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, you shall not have [occasion] any more to use this proverb in Israel.
      4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins, he shall die.
      5 But if a man is just, and does that which is lawful and right,
      6 and has not eaten on the mountains, neither has lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither has defiled his neighbor's wife, neither has come near to a woman in her impurity,
      7 and has not wronged any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
      8 he who has not given forth on interest, neither has taken any increase, who has withdrawn his hand from iniquity, has executed true justice between man and man,
      9 has walked in my statutes, and has kept my ordinances, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, says the Lord Yahweh.
      10 If he fathers a son who is a robber, a shedder of blood, and who does any one of these things,
      11 and who does not any of those [duties], but even has eaten on the mountains, and defiled his neighbor's wife,
      12 has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,
      13 has given forth on interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be on him.
      14 Now, behold, if he fathers a son, who sees all his father's sins, which he has done, and fears, and does not such like;
      15 who has not eaten on the mountains, neither has lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, has not defiled his neighbor's wife,
      16 neither has wronged any, has not taken anything to pledge, neither has taken by robbery, but has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
      17 who has withdrawn his hand from the poor, who has not received interest nor increase, has executed my ordinances, has walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.
      18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, robbed his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he shall die in his iniquity.
      19 Yet you say, Why doesn't the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son has done that which is lawful and right, and has kept all my statutes, and has done them, he shall surely live.
      20 The soul who sins, he shall die: the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son; the righteousness of the righteous shall be on him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be on him.
      21 But if the wicked turn from all his sins that he has committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      22 None of his transgressions that he has committed shall be remembered against him: in his righteousness that he has done he shall live.
      23 Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked? says the Lord Yahweh; and not rather that he should return from his way, and live?
      24 But when the righteous turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and does according to all the abominations that the wicked man does, shall he live? None of his righteous deeds that he has done shall be remembered: in his trespass that he has trespassed, and in his sin that he has sinned, in them shall he die.
      25 Yet you say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, house of Israel: Is my way not equal? Aren't your ways unequal?
      26 When the righteous man turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and dies therein; in his iniquity that he has done shall he die.
      27 Again, when the wicked man turns away from his wickedness that he has committed, and does that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.
      28 Because he considers, and turns away from all his transgressions that he has committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      29 Yet the house of Israel says, "The way of the Lord is not fair." House of Israel, aren't my ways fair? Aren't your ways unfair?
      30 Therefore I will judge you, house of Israel, everyone according to his ways, says the Lord Yahweh. Return, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.
      31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, in which you have transgressed; and make yourself a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, house of Israel?
      32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him who dies, says the Lord Yahweh: therefore turn yourselves, and live.

      Daniel 3

      28 Nebuchadnezzar spoke and said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who has sent his angel, and delivered his servants who trusted in him, and have changed the king's word, and have yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor worship any god, except their own God.

      Daniel 9

      3 I set my face to the Lord God, to seek by prayer and petitions, with fasting and sackcloth and ashes.

      Matthieu 10

      1 He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness.
      32 Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, him I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven.

      Matthieu 11

      28 "Come to me, all you who labor and are heavily burdened, and I will give you rest.

      Matthieu 12

      31 Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men.

      Matthieu 16

      19 I will give to you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven; and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven."

      Matthieu 18

      18 Most certainly I tell you, whatever things you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever things you release on earth will have been released in heaven.

      Marc 2

      5 Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven you."
      10 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins"--he said to the paralytic--

      Luc 2

      1 Now it happened in those days, that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled.
      2 This was the first enrollment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
      3 All went to enroll themselves, everyone to his own city.
      4 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;
      5 to enroll himself with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him as wife, being pregnant.
      6 It happened, while they were there, that the day had come that she should give birth.
      7 She brought forth her firstborn son, and she wrapped him in bands of cloth, and laid him in a feeding trough, because there was no room for them in the inn.
      8 There were shepherds in the same country staying in the field, and keeping watch by night over their flock.
      9 Behold, an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified.
      10 The angel said to them, "Don't be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be to all the people.
      11 For there is born to you, this day, in the city of David, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.
      12 This is the sign to you: you will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth, lying in a feeding trough."
      13 Suddenly, there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly army praising God, and saying,
      14 "Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, good will toward men."
      15 It happened, when the angels went away from them into the sky, that the shepherds said one to another, "Let's go to Bethlehem, now, and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us."
      16 They came with haste, and found both Mary and Joseph, and the baby was lying in the feeding trough.
      17 When they saw it, they publicized widely the saying which was spoken to them about this child.
      18 All who heard it wondered at the things which were spoken to them by the shepherds.
      19 But Mary kept all these sayings, pondering them in her heart.
      20 The shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, just as it was told them.
      21 When eight days were fulfilled for the circumcision of the child, his name was called Jesus, which was given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
      22 When the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord
      23 (as it is written in the law of the Lord, "Every male who opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord"),
      24 and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, "A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons."
      25 Behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was on him.
      26 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ.
      27 He came in the Spirit into the temple. When the parents brought in the child, Jesus, that they might do concerning him according to the custom of the law,
      28 then he received him into his arms, and blessed God, and said,
      29 "Now you are releasing your servant, Master, according to your word, in peace;
      30 for my eyes have seen your salvation,
      31 which you have prepared before the face of all peoples;
      32 a light for revelation to the nations, and the glory of your people Israel."
      33 Joseph and his mother were marveling at the things which were spoken concerning him,
      34 and Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary, his mother, "Behold, this child is set for the falling and the rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which is spoken against.
      35 Yes, a sword will pierce through your own soul, that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed."
      36 There was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity,
      37 and she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn't depart from the temple, worshipping with fastings and petitions night and day.
      38 Coming up at that very hour, she gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of him to all those who were looking for redemption in Jerusalem.
      39 When they had accomplished all things that were according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city, Nazareth.
      40 The child was growing, and was becoming strong in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him.
      41 His parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the Passover.
      42 When he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem according to the custom of the feast,
      43 and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. Joseph and his mother didn't know it,
      44 but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day's journey, and they looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances.
      45 When they didn't find him, they returned to Jerusalem, looking for him.
      46 It happened after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both listening to them, and asking them questions.
      47 All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers.
      48 When they saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, "Son, why have you treated us this way? Behold, your father and I were anxiously looking for you."
      49 He said to them, "Why were you looking for me? Didn't you know that I must be in my Father's house?"
      50 They didn't understand the saying which he spoke to them.
      51 And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth. He was subject to them, and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.
      52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.

      Luc 7

      50 He said to the woman, "Your faith has saved you. Go in peace."

      Luc 15

      21 The son said to him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in your sight. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.'

      Luc 18

      13 But the tax collector, standing far away, wouldn't even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, a sinner!'
      14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted."

      Luc 19

      9 Jesus said to him, "Today, salvation has come to this house, because he also is a son of Abraham.

      Jean 1

      7 The same came as a witness, that he might testify about the light, that all might believe through him.
      9 The true light that enlightens everyone was coming into the world.

      Jean 2

      23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover, during the feast, many believed in his name, observing his signs which he did.

      Jean 4

      2 (although Jesus himself didn't baptize, but his disciples),
      15 The woman said to him, "Sir, give me this water, so that I don't get thirsty, neither come all the way here to draw."

      Jean 5

      16 For this cause the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill him, because he did these things on the Sabbath.

      Jean 20

      23 If you forgive anyone's sins, they have been forgiven them. If you retain anyone's sins, they have been retained."

      Actes 3

      19 "Repent therefore, and turn again, that your sins may be blotted out, so that there may come times of refreshing from the presence of the Lord,

      Actes 13

      11 Now, behold, the hand of the Lord is on you, and you will be blind, not seeing the sun for a season!" Immediately a mist and darkness fell on him. He went around seeking someone to lead him by the hand.

      Actes 16

      18 She was doing this for many days. But Paul, becoming greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, "I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!" It came out that very hour.

      Actes 20

      10 Paul went down, and fell upon him, and embracing him said, "Don't be troubled, for his life is in him."

      Romains 10

      9 that if you will confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.

      1 Corinthiens 2

      15 But he who is spiritual discerns all things, and he himself is judged by no one.

      1 Corinthiens 5

      5 are to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.

      1 Corinthiens 11

      28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread, and drink of the cup.

      1 Corinthiens 12

      1 Now concerning spiritual things, brothers, I don't want you to be ignorant.
      2 You know that when you were heathen , you were led away to those mute idols, however you might be led.
      3 Therefore I make known to you that no man speaking by God's Spirit says, "Jesus is accursed." No one can say, "Jesus is Lord," but by the Holy Spirit.
      4 Now there are various kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit.
      5 There are various kinds of service, and the same Lord.
      6 There are various kinds of workings, but the same God, who works all things in all.
      7 But to each one is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the profit of all.
      8 For to one is given through the Spirit the word of wisdom, and to another the word of knowledge, according to the same Spirit;
      9 to another faith, by the same Spirit; and to another gifts of healings, by the same Spirit;
      10 and to another workings of miracles; and to another prophecy; and to another discerning of spirits; to another different kinds of languages; and to another the interpretation of languages.
      11 But the one and the same Spirit works all of these, distributing to each one separately as he desires.
      12 For as the body is one, and has many members, and all the members of the body, being many, are one body; so also is Christ.
      13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether bond or free; and were all given to drink into one Spirit.
      14 For the body is not one member, but many.
      15 If the foot would say, "Because I'm not the hand, I'm not part of the body," it is not therefore not part of the body.
      16 If the ear would say, "Because I'm not the eye, I'm not part of the body," it's not therefore not part of the body.
      17 If the whole body were an eye, where would the hearing be? If the whole were hearing, where would the smelling be?
      18 But now God has set the members, each one of them, in the body, just as he desired.
      19 If they were all one member, where would the body be?
      20 But now they are many members, but one body.
      21 The eye can't tell the hand, "I have no need for you," or again the head to the feet, "I have no need for you."
      22 No, much rather, those members of the body which seem to be weaker are necessary.
      23 Those parts of the body which we think to be less honorable, on those we bestow more abundant honor; and our unpresentable parts have more abundant propriety;
      24 whereas our presentable parts have no such need. But God composed the body together, giving more abundant honor to the inferior part,
      25 that there should be no division in the body, but that the members should have the same care for one another.
      26 When one member suffers, all the members suffer with it. Or when one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it.
      27 Now you are the body of Christ, and members individually.
      28 God has set some in the assembly: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracle workers, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, and various kinds of languages.
      29 Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Are all miracle workers?
      30 Do all have gifts of healings? Do all speak with various languages? Do all interpret?
      31 But earnestly desire the best gifts. Moreover, I show a most excellent way to you.

      2 Corinthiens 4

      1 Therefore seeing we have this ministry, even as we obtained mercy, we don't faint.
      2 But we have renounced the hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully; but by the manifestation of the truth commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God.
      3 Even if our Good News is veiled, it is veiled in those who perish;
      4 in whom the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the Good News of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.
      5 For we don't preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake;
      6 seeing it is God who said, "Light will shine out of darkness," who has shone in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
      7 But we have this treasure in clay vessels, that the exceeding greatness of the power may be of God, and not from ourselves.
      8 We are pressed on every side, yet not crushed; perplexed, yet not to despair;
      9 pursued, yet not forsaken; struck down, yet not destroyed;
      10 always carrying in the body the putting to death of the Lord Jesus, that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body.
      11 For we who live are always delivered to death for Jesus' sake, that the life also of Jesus may be revealed in our mortal flesh.
      12 So then death works in us, but life in you.
      13 But having the same spirit of faith, according to that which is written, "I believed, and therefore I spoke." We also believe, and therefore also we speak;
      14 knowing that he who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also with Jesus, and will present us with you.
      15 For all things are for your sakes, that the grace, being multiplied through the many, may cause the thanksgiving to abound to the glory of God.
      16 Therefore we don't faint, but though our outward man is decaying, yet our inward man is renewed day by day.
      17 For our light affliction, which is for the moment, works for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory;
      18 while we don't look at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen. For the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.

      2 Corinthiens 13

      6 But I hope that you will know that we aren't disqualified.

      1 Timothée 1

      18 This instruction I commit to you, my child Timothy, according to the prophecies which led the way to you, that by them you may wage the good warfare;

      1 Timothée 6

      12 Fight the good fight of faith. Lay hold of the eternal life to which you were called, and you confessed the good confession in the sight of many witnesses.
      13 I command you before God, who gives life to all things, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate testified the good confession,

      Hébreux 10

      26 For if we sin willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remains no more a sacrifice for sins,
      27 but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and a fierceness of fire which will devour the adversaries.
      28 A man who disregards Moses' law dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses.
      29 How much worse punishment, do you think, will he be judged worthy of, who has trodden under foot the Son of God, and has counted the blood of the covenant with which he was sanctified an unholy thing, and has insulted the Spirit of grace?
      30 For we know him who said, "Vengeance belongs to me," says the Lord, "I will repay." Again, "The Lord will judge his people."
      31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

      Hébreux 13

      15 Through him, then, let us offer up a sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of lips which proclaim allegiance to his name.

      1 Jean 1

      9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive us the sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

      1 Jean 2

      23 Whoever denies the Son, the same doesn't have the Father. He who confesses the Son has the Father also.

      1 Jean 4

      2 By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit who confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God,

      1 Jean 5

      16 If anyone sees his brother sinning a sin not leading to death, he shall ask, and God will give him life for those who sin not leading to death. There is a sin leading to death. I don't say that he should make a request concerning this.

      2 Jean 1

      7 For many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who don't confess that Jesus Christ came in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the Antichrist.

      Apocalypse 3

      6 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies.
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