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Les fouilles en Palestine en ont mis au jour d'innombrables, de silex, de bronze et de fer (Macalister, Gezer, III, pl. 138, 198, 199), qui se sont succédé dans cet ordre, ceux de bronze correspondant surtout à l'époque de la royauté Israélite.

Les couteaux de pierre, ceux qui se sont maintenus le plus longtemps, sont ceux des cérémonies religieuses (Ex 4:25, Jos 5:2), comme il est constant dans la conservation de tout rituel sacré. Ceux de Ge 22:6,10, Jug 19:29, Pr 30:14 étaient les grands coutelas destinés au découpage des bêtes à sacrifier. (cf. Le 8)

Dans les énumérations d'ustensiles du Temple de Salomon, les « couteaux » de nos versions doivent être des mouchettes pour les lampes (1Ro 7:50 parallèle 2Ch 4:22,2Ro 12:13 25:14 / / Jer 52:18) ; peut-être aussi ceux d'Esd 1:9.

Les épées ou les lances des prêtres de Baal (1Ro 18:28) étaient probablement des poignards pointus plus ou moins longs. Dès l'âge de pierre, on a connu le rasoir, (cf. Ge 41:14, Esa 7:20) Eze 5:1, etc.).

Le « couteau d'un secrétaire » est un canif, c-à-d. qu'il est plus petit, servant à tailler la plume de roseau, à gratter l'écriture ou à couper le papier (Jer 36:23). Le ciseau du fabricant d'idoles est encore un couteau à usage spécial (Esa 44:13). Pr 23:2 exprime en une figure énergique le devoir de la retenue à la table d'un grand.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Genèse 22

      6 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son. He took in his hand the fire and the knife. They both went together.
      10 Abraham stretched out his hand, and took the knife to kill his son.

      Genèse 41

      14 Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon. He shaved himself, changed his clothing, and came in to Pharaoh.

      Exode 4

      25 Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me."

      Lévitique 8

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Take Aaron and his sons with him, and the garments, and the anointing oil, and the bull of the sin offering, and the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread;
      3 and assemble all the congregation at the door of the Tent of Meeting."
      4 Moses did as Yahweh commanded him; and the congregation was assembled at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      5 Moses said to the congregation, "This is the thing which Yahweh has commanded to be done."
      6 Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water.
      7 He put the coat on him, tied the sash on him, clothed him with the robe, put the ephod on him, and he tied the skillfully woven band of the ephod on him, and fastened it to him with it.
      8 He placed the breastplate on him; and in the breastplate he put the Urim and the Thummim.
      9 He set the turban on his head; and on the turban, in front, he set the golden plate, the holy crown; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      10 Moses took the anointing oil, and anointed the tabernacle and all that was in it, and sanctified them.
      11 He sprinkled it on the altar seven times, and anointed the altar and all its vessels, and the basin and its base, to sanctify them.
      12 He poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron's head, and anointed him, to sanctify him.
      13 Moses brought Aaron's sons, and clothed them with coats, and tied sashes on them, and put headbands on them; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      14 He brought the bull of the sin offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull of the sin offering.
      15 He killed it; and Moses took the blood, and put it around on the horns of the altar with his finger, and purified the altar, and poured out the blood at the base of the altar, and sanctified it, to make atonement for it.
      16 He took all the fat that was on the innards, and the cover of the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat; and Moses burned it on the altar.
      17 But the bull, and its skin, and its flesh, and its dung, he burned with fire outside the camp; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      18 He presented the ram of the burnt offering: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram.
      19 He killed it; and Moses sprinkled the blood around on the altar.
      20 He cut the ram into its pieces; and Moses burned the head, and the pieces, and the fat.
      21 He washed the innards and the legs with water; and Moses burned the whole ram on the altar. It was a burnt offering for a pleasant aroma. It was an offering made by fire to Yahweh; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      22 He presented the other ram, the ram of consecration: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram.
      23 He killed it; and Moses took some of its blood, and put it on the tip of Aaron's right ear, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the great toe of his right foot.
      24 He brought Aaron's sons; and Moses put some of the blood on the tip of their right ear, and on the thumb of their right hand, and on the great toe of their right foot; and Moses sprinkled the blood around on the altar.
      25 He took the fat, and the fat tail, and all the fat that was on the innards, and the cover of the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and the right thigh;
      26 and out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before Yahweh, he took one unleavened cake, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and placed them on the fat, and on the right thigh.
      27 He put all these in Aaron's hands and in his sons' hands, and waved them for a wave offering before Yahweh.
      28 Moses took them from their hands, and burned them on the altar on the burnt offering. They were a consecration for a pleasant aroma. It was an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
      29 Moses took the breast, and waved it for a wave offering before Yahweh. It was Moses' portion of the ram of consecration, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      30 Moses took some of the anointing oil, and some of the blood which was on the altar, and sprinkled it on Aaron, on his garments, and on his sons, and on his sons' garments with him, and sanctified Aaron, his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him.
      31 Moses said to Aaron and to his sons, "Boil the flesh at the door of the Tent of Meeting, and there eat it and the bread that is in the basket of consecration, as I commanded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons shall eat it.'
      32 What remains of the flesh and of the bread you shall burn with fire.
      33 You shall not go out from the door of the Tent of Meeting seven days, until the days of your consecration are fulfilled: for he shall consecrate you seven days.
      34 What has been done this day, so Yahweh has commanded to do, to make atonement for you.
      35 You shall stay at the door of the Tent of Meeting day and night seven days, and keep Yahweh's command, that you don't die: for so I am commanded."
      36 Aaron and his sons did all the things which Yahweh commanded by Moses.

      Josué 5

      2 At that time, Yahweh said to Joshua, "Make flint knives, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time."

      Juges 19

      29 When he had come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the borders of Israel.

      2 Chroniques 4

      22 and the snuffers, and the basins, and the spoons, and the fire pans, of pure gold: and as for the entry of the house, the inner doors of it for the most holy place, and the doors of the main hall of the temple were of gold.

      Esdras 1

      9 This is the number of them: thirty platters of gold, one thousand platters of silver, twenty-nine knives,

      Proverbes 23

      2 put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite.

      Proverbes 30

      14 There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, and their jaws like knives, to devour the poor from the earth, and the needy from among men.

      Esaïe 7

      20 In that day the Lord will shave with a razor that is hired in the parts beyond the River, even with the king of Assyria, the head and the hair of the feet; and it shall also consume the beard.

      Esaïe 44

      13 The carpenter stretches out a line. He marks it out with a pencil. He shapes it with planes. He marks it out with compasses, and shapes it like the figure of a man, with the beauty of a man, to reside in a house.

      Jérémie 36

      23 It happened, when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, that the king cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was in the brazier, until all the scroll was consumed in the fire that was in the brazier.

      Jérémie 52

      18 They also took away the pots, the shovels, the snuffers, the basins, the spoons, and all the vessels of brass with which they ministered.

      Ezéchiel 5

      1 You, son of man, take a sharp sword; You shall take it as a barber's razor to you, and shall cause it to pass on your head and on your beard: then take balances to weigh, and divide the hair.

      Romains 12

      13 contributing to the needs of the saints; given to hospitality.
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