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GREC

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(grec Hellên). Ce titre désigne toujours les Grecs de race dans les livres des Macchabées (1Ma 1:10 6:2 8:9,2Ma 4:36 etc.).

Quelquefois aussi dans le N.T. (Ac 16:1, Ro 1:14, qui l'oppose à Barbares, c-à-d, aux non-Grecs) ; mais le plus souvent il y est appliqué aux non-Juifs (Mr 7:26, Jn 7:35), par une généralisation naturelle, puisqu'une forte proportion des populations dans toute l'étendue de l'empire romain parlait alors la langue grecque (à laquelle il est fait allusion dans Jn 19:20, Ac 21:37).

D'une manière analogue, une ordonnance royale en Egypte (118 av. J. -C.) appelait « Grecs » tous les soldats non égyptiens : Macédoniens, Cretois, Perses, etc.

Toutefois, l'opposition familière à saint Paul et au livre des Actes, entre « Juifs et Grecs », ne porte pas sur la race ou la langue mais sur la religion, « Grecs » étant devenu équivalent de « Païens » (1Co 1:22-24 10:32 12:13, Ga 3:28, Ro 1:16 2:9 3:9 10:12 Col 3:11 Ac 19:10,17 20:21).

Certains de ces Grecs ou païens sont ralliés au culte juif ; voir (Jn 12:20, Ac 14:1 17:1 18:4, Ga 2:3) Prosélyte. Le père de Timothée devait être païen (Ac 16:1,3, cf. 2Ti 1:5).

Voir GRÈCE, Païen, Hellénistes.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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