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HESBON

A identifier avec la moderne Hesbân, en TransJordanie, à 10 km. au Nord de Madaba. Des ruines subsistent sur deux collines (tour, citernes, citadelle), séparées par une croupe qu'occupait l'ancienne ville. Hesbon était la capitale de Sihon, l'Amoréen (De 3:2, No 21:26,34, Ne 9:22 etc.), qui l'avait prise aux Moabites. Les Israélites s'en emparèrent et les fils de Gad et de Ruben s'y installèrent (Jos 13:17,26, No 32:3,37).

Confirmation de cette occupation dans la stèle de Mésa, roi de Moab (1. 10) : « et l'homme de Gath demeure dans la terre de Atarot depuis des siècles ». Hesbon retomba au pouvoir des Moabites et les prophètes annoncèrent sa ruine (Esa 15:4 16:8 et suivant, Jer 48:2,34,45 49:3). Les citernes, encore aujourd'hui nombreuses, peuvent être rapprochées de la mention d'étangs dans le Cantique (Ca 7:5). D'après Josèphe (Ant., XIII, 15:4), les Juifs occupaient la ville au temps d'Alexandre Jannée (103-76 av. J. -C). Les Romains en firent un de leurs centres fortifiés de TransJordanie. A. P.

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      Nombres 21

      25 Israel took all these cities: and Israel lived in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all its towns.
      26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even to the Arnon.
      27 Therefore those who speak in proverbs say, "Come to Heshbon. Let the city of Sihon be built and established;
      28 for a fire has gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon. It has devoured Ar of Moab, The lords of the high places of the Arnon.
      30 We have shot at them. Heshbon has perished even to Dibon. We have laid waste even to Nophah, Which reaches to Medeba."
      34 Yahweh said to Moses, "Don't fear him: for I have delivered him into your hand, and all his people, and his land; and you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon."

      Nombres 32

      3 "Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
      37 The children of Reuben built Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Kiriathaim,

      Deutéronome 1

      4 after he had struck Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth, at Edrei.

      Deutéronome 2

      24 "Rise up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of the Arnon: behold, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle.
      26 I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying,
      30 But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Yahweh your God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as at this day.

      Deutéronome 3

      2 Yahweh said to me, "Don't fear him; for I have delivered him, and all his people, and his land, into your hand; and you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon."
      6 We utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones.

      Deutéronome 4

      46 beyond the Jordan, in the valley over against Beth Peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel struck, when they came forth out of Egypt.

      Deutéronome 29

      7 When you came to this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, came out against us to battle, and we struck them:

      Josué 9

      10 and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.

      Josué 12

      2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the middle of the valley, and half Gilead, even to the river Jabbok, the border of the children of Ammon;
      5 and ruled in Mount Hermon, and in Salecah, and in all Bashan, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

      Josué 13

      10 and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, to the border of the children of Ammon;
      17 Heshbon, and all its cities that are in the plain; Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon,
      21 all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck with the chiefs of Midian, Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba, the princes of Sihon, who lived in the land.
      26 and from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahanaim to the border of Debir;
      27 and in the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, the Jordan's bank, to the uttermost part of the sea of Chinnereth beyond the Jordan eastward.

      Josué 21

      39 Heshbon with its suburbs, Jazer with its suburbs; four cities in all.

      Juges 11

      19 Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said to him, 'Please let us pass through your land to my place.'
      26 While Israel lived in Heshbon and its towns, and in Aroer and its towns, and in all the cities that are along by the side of the Arnon, three hundred years; why didn't you recover them within that time?

      1 Chroniques 6

      81 and Heshbon with its suburbs, and Jazer with its suburbs.

      Néhémie 9

      22 Moreover you gave them kingdoms and peoples, which you allotted according to their portions. So they possessed the land of Sihon, even the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan.

      Cantique 7

      5 Your head on you is like Carmel. The hair of your head like purple. The king is held captive in its tresses.

      Esaïe 15

      4 Heshbon cries out with Elealeh. Their voice is heard even to Jahaz. Therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud. Their souls tremble within them.

      Esaïe 16

      8 For the fields of Heshbon languish with the vine of Sibmah. The lords of the nations have broken down its choice branches, which reached even to Jazer, which wandered into the wilderness. Its shoots were spread abroad. They passed over the sea.
      9 Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah. I will water you with my tears, Heshbon, and Elealeh: for on your summer fruits and on your harvest the battle shout has fallen.

      Jérémie 48

      2 The praise of Moab is no more; in Heshbon they have devised evil against her: Come, and let us cut her off from being a nation. You also, Madmen, shall be brought to silence: the sword shall pursue you.
      34 From the cry of Heshbon even to Elealeh, even to Jahaz have they uttered their voice, from Zoar even to Horonaim, to Eglath Shelishiyah: for the waters of Nimrim also shall become desolate.
      45 Those who fled stand without strength under the shadow of Heshbon; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and has devoured the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones.

      Jérémie 49

      3 Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste; cry, you daughters of Rabbah, clothe yourself in sackcloth: lament, and run back and forth among the fences; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.
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