Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

JUDÉE

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Le terme apparaît dans Tobit (Tob 1:18) à propos de Sennachérim (Sennachérib ou Sanchérib) à son retour de Judée. Il désignait l'ensemble du royaume du Sud qui disparut avec l'exil (586) et fut occupé en partie par des Ammonites, Édomites et Samaritains.

Avec Néhémie, le territoire de Juda fut reconstitué par un regroupement autour de Jérusalem. Les guerres macchabéennes amenèrent la restauration du royaume juif, appelé alors Judée, et qui s'étendait de la Galilée à Hébron, de la Méditerranée aux villes de Trans-jordanie. L'autonomie des princes hasmonéens cessa en 63 av. J. -C, et Rome établit son protectorat. A la faveur de désordres, Hérode, un Iduméen, usurpa le trône de Judée. La Palestine comprenait alors : la Judée propr'dite, avec l'Idumée ; la Samarie ; la Galilée (1nférieure et supérieure) ; la Pérée (à l'Est du Jourdain) ; les territoires de Gaulanitide, Batanée, Trachonitide et Auranitide ; la Décapole, confédération de villes helléniques, à l'Est du Jourdain (sauf Scythopolis).

A la mort d'Hérode le Gd, le pays fut partagé : l'ethnarchie de Judée, l'Idumée et la Samarie furent attribuées à Arché-laüs ; la Galilée et la Pérée revinrent à Hérode Antipas (Lu 9:7), le Hauran à Philippe (Mr 6:17). En l'année 7 ap. J. -C, Archélaüs ayant été déposé, son territoire, dont la Judée, fut rattaché à la province romaine de Syrie et administré par des procurateurs (7 à 40 ap. J. -C). De 41 à 44, à nouveau un régime de protectorat avec Agrippa I er, petit-fils d'Hérode le Gd, qui fut remplacé par l'annexion et le gouvernement des procurateurs. En 70, Jérusalem, coeur de la Judée, était prise par Titus.

Les récits du N.T. s'insèrent donc dans ce cadre et Luc l'a même signalé (Lu 3:1). La Judée y est prise dans l'acception officielle d'ancien territoire d'Archélaüs, rattaché à la province de Syrie (Mr 10:1, Mt 4:25 24:16, Lu 2:4 3:1 23:5, Jn 3:22,4:3, Ac 10:37 etc.). Le désert de Judée, qui fut le théâtre de la prédication de Jean-Baptiste, est la région désertique qui s'étend de Béthanie aux bords de la mer Morte (Mt 3:1, Mr 1:4, Lu 3:2) et aux rives du Jourdain (voir carte IX, et fig. 137 à 140). A. P.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • Esdras 9

      9 For we are bondservants; yet our God has not forsaken us in our bondage, but has extended loving kindness to us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair its ruins, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem.

      Matthieu 2

      1 Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying,
      5 They said to him, "In Bethlehem of Judea, for this is written through the prophet,
      22 But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in the place of his father, Herod, he was afraid to go there. Being warned in a dream, he withdrew into the region of Galilee,

      Matthieu 3

      1 In those days, John the Baptizer came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea, saying,
      5 Then people from Jerusalem, all of Judea, and all the region around the Jordan went out to him.

      Matthieu 4

      25 Great multitudes from Galilee, Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea and from beyond the Jordan followed him.

      Matthieu 19

      1 It happened when Jesus had finished these words, he departed from Galilee, and came into the borders of Judea beyond the Jordan.

      Matthieu 24

      16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

      Marc 1

      4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins.
      5 All the country of Judea and all those of Jerusalem went out to him. They were baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins.

      Marc 3

      7 Jesus withdrew to the sea with his disciples, and a great multitude followed him from Galilee, from Judea,

      Marc 6

      17 For Herod himself had sent out and arrested John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, for he had married her.

      Marc 10

      1 He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he was again teaching them.

      Marc 13

      14 But when you see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains,

      Luc 1

      5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.
      65 Fear came on all who lived around them, and all these sayings were talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea.

      Luc 2

      4 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;

      Luc 3

      1 Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,
      2 in the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zacharias, in the wilderness.

      Luc 4

      44 He was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee.

      Luc 5

      17 It happened on one of those days, that he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by, who had come out of every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. The power of the Lord was with him to heal them.

      Luc 6

      17 He came down with them, and stood on a level place, with a crowd of his disciples, and a great number of the people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases;

      Luc 7

      17 This report went out concerning him in the whole of Judea, and in all the surrounding region.

      Luc 9

      7 Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was done by him; and he was very perplexed, because it was said by some that John had risen from the dead,

      Luc 21

      21 Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. Let those who are in the midst of her depart. Let those who are in the country not enter therein.

      Luc 23

      5 But they insisted, saying, "He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee even to this place."

      Jean 3

      22 After these things, Jesus came with his disciples into the land of Judea. He stayed there with them, and baptized.

      Jean 4

      3 he left Judea, and departed into Galilee.
      47 When he heard that Jesus had come out of Judea into Galilee, he went to him, and begged him that he would come down and heal his son, for he was at the point of death.
      54 This is again the second sign that Jesus did, having come out of Judea into Galilee.

      Jean 7

      1 After these things, Jesus was walking in Galilee, for he wouldn't walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill him.
      3 His brothers therefore said to him, "Depart from here, and go into Judea, that your disciples also may see your works which you do.

      Jean 11

      7 Then after this he said to the disciples, "Let's go into Judea again."

      Actes 1

      8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth."

      Actes 2

      9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,
      14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea, and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.

      Actes 8

      1 Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles.

      Actes 9

      31 So the assemblies throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace, and were built up. They were multiplied, walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit.

      Actes 10

      37 you yourselves know what happened, which was proclaimed throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;

      Actes 11

      1 Now the apostles and the brothers who were in Judea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God.
      29 As any of the disciples had plenty, each determined to send relief to the brothers who lived in Judea;

      Actes 12

      19 When Herod had sought for him, and didn't find him, he examined the guards, and commanded that they should be put to death. He went down from Judea to Caesarea, and stayed there.

      Actes 15

      1 Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can't be saved."

      Actes 21

      10 As we stayed there some days, a certain prophet named Agabus came down from Judea.

      Actes 26

      20 but declared first to them of Damascus, at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.

      Actes 28

      21 They said to him, "We neither received letters from Judea concerning you, nor did any of the brothers come here and report or speak any evil of you.

      Romains 15

      31 that I may be delivered from those who are disobedient in Judea, and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints;

      2 Corinthiens 1

      16 and by you to pass into Macedonia, and again from Macedonia to come to you, and to be sent forward by you on my journey to Judea.

      Galates 1

      22 I was still unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea which were in Christ,

      1 Thessaloniciens 2

      14 For you, brothers, became imitators of the assemblies of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus; for you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, even as they did from the Jews;
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