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MICHÉE

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Ce nom, de formation analogue à celle de Micaël (Da 12:1), signifie : Qui est comme Yahvé ? La forme originelle est Mikâyâhou (2Ch 17:7 13:2). Mais on rencontre souvent les formes abrégées : Mikâyehou (Jug 17:1-4,1Ro 22:8 et suivants, Jer 36:11,13) ; Mikâyâh (Ne 12:35 12:41,2Ro 22:12) ; Mikâh (Jug 17:5, Mic 1:1 2Ch 34:20 parallèle 2Ro 22:12,1Ch 5:5 8:34 9:4 23:20 24:25) et Mikâ (2Sa 9:12, Ne 10:11,1Ch 9:15). Sg. transcrit presque toujours Michée, sauf 2Ch 13:2 et Jug 17 ; Vers. Syn. essaie de serrer de plus près les formes hébraïques, écrivant successivement Mica, Micaja et Michée ; mais ce procédé a l'inconvénient de masquer l'identité foncière de ces formes nominales d'apparence différente. L'inconvénient est particulièrement sensible lorsque, dans les deux passages exactement parallèles 2Ch 34:20 et 2Ro 22:12, Vers. Syn. écrit ici Micaja et là Mica (voir ces deux mots).

1. Fils de Jimla, Israélite du IX° siècle, dont les démêlés avec Achab (1Ro 22:1-28) constituent un des plus curieux épisodes de la lutte séculaire entre les « prophètes de métier » et les prophètes indépendants qui osaient annoncer le malheur de la part de l'Éternel (voir art. suiv.). Achab demande à Michée de prophétiser à propos de l'attaque projetée contre Ramoth en Galaad. Après une première réponse à bien plaire, dont le roi devine tout de suite qu'elle n'est pas la vraie pensée de l'homme de Dieu, Michée non seulement déconseille le combat, mais dénonce avec vigueur l'esprit de mensonge des prophètes courtisans, provoquant de la part de ceux-ci une réaction violente et payant son audace de sa liberté, jusqu'au moment où les événements lui donnent terriblement raison (le récit de 2Ch 18 est identique à celui des Rois).

2. Michée de Moréseth : l'un des douze « petits prophètes » (voir art. suiv.).

3. Fils de Guémaria qui, ayant entendu Baruc lire les prophéties de Jérémie, alla en informer les chefs (Jer 36:9-13). A. JE

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Juges 17

      1 There was a man of the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Micah.
      2 He said to his mother, "The eleven hundred pieces of silver that were taken from you, about which you uttered a curse, and also spoke it in my ears, behold, the silver is with me; I took it." His mother said, "Blessed be my son of Yahweh."
      3 He restored the eleven hundred pieces of silver to his mother; and his mother said, "I most certainly dedicate the silver to Yahweh from my hand for my son, to make an engraved image and a molten image. Now therefore I will restore it to you."
      4 When he restored the money to his mother, his mother took two hundred pieces of silver, and gave them to the founder, who made of it an engraved image and a molten image: and it was in the house of Micah.
      5 The man Micah had a house of gods, and he made an ephod, and teraphim, and consecrated one of his sons, who became his priest.
      6 In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes.
      7 There was a young man out of Bethlehem Judah, of the family of Judah, who was a Levite; and he lived there.
      8 The man departed out of the city, out of Bethlehem Judah, to live where he could find a place, and he came to the hill country of Ephraim to the house of Micah, as he traveled.
      9 Micah said to him, "Where did you come from?" He said to him, "I am a Levite of Bethlehem Judah, and I am looking for a place to live."
      10 Micah said to him, "Dwell with me, and be to me a father and a priest, and I will give you ten pieces of silver per year, a suit of clothing, and your food." So the Levite went in.
      11 The Levite was content to dwell with the man; and the young man was to him as one of his sons.
      12 Micah consecrated the Levite, and the young man became his priest, and was in the house of Micah.
      13 Then Micah said, "Now know I that Yahweh will do good to me, since I have a Levite to my priest."

      2 Samuel 9

      12 Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Mica. All that lived in the house of Ziba were servants to Mephibosheth.

      1 Chroniques 5

      5 Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,

      1 Chroniques 9

      15 and Bakbakkar, Heresh, and Galal, and Mattaniah the son of Mica, the son of Zichri, the son of Asaph,

      2 Chroniques 13

      2 He reigned three years in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Micaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

      2 Chroniques 17

      7 Also in the third year of his reign he sent his princes, even Ben Hail, and Obadiah, and Zechariah, and Nethanel, and Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah;

      2 Chroniques 18

      1 Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance; and he joined affinity with Ahab.
      2 After certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria. Ahab killed sheep and cattle for him in abundance, and for the people who were with him, and moved him to go up with him to Ramoth Gilead.
      3 Ahab king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat king of Judah, "Will you go with me to Ramoth Gilead?" He answered him, "I am as you are, and my people as your people. We will be with you in the war."
      4 Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, "Please inquire first for the word of Yahweh."
      5 Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together, four hundred men, and said to them, "Shall we go to Ramoth Gilead to battle, or shall I forbear?" They said, "Go up; for God will deliver it into the hand of the king."
      6 But Jehoshaphat said, "Isn't there here a prophet of Yahweh besides, that we may inquire of him?"
      7 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "There is yet one man by whom we may inquire of Yahweh; but I hate him, for he never prophesies good concerning me, but always evil. He is Micaiah the son of Imla." Jehoshaphat said, "Don't let the king say so."
      8 Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, "Get Micaiah the son of Imla quickly."
      9 Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, arrayed in their robes, and they were sitting in an open place at the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets were prophesying before them.
      10 Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, "Thus says Yahweh, 'With these you shall push the Syrians, until they are consumed.'"
      11 All the prophets prophesied so, saying, "Go up to Ramoth Gilead, and prosper; for Yahweh will deliver it into the hand of the king."
      12 The messenger who went to call Micaiah spoke to him, saying, "Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one mouth. Let your word therefore, please be like one of theirs, and speak good."
      13 Micaiah said, "As Yahweh lives, what my God says, that will I speak."
      14 When he had come to the king, the king said to him, "Micaiah, shall we go to Ramoth Gilead to battle, or shall I forbear?" He said, "Go up, and prosper. They shall be delivered into your hand."
      15 The king said to him, "How many times shall I adjure you that you speak to me nothing but the truth in the name of Yahweh?"
      16 He said, "I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd. Yahweh said, 'These have no master. Let them return every man to his house in peace.'"
      17 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "Didn't I tell you that he would not prophesy good concerning me, but evil?"
      18 Micaiah said, "Therefore hear the word of Yahweh: I saw Yahweh sitting on his throne, and all the army of heaven standing on his right hand and on his left.
      19 Yahweh said, 'Who shall entice Ahab king of Israel, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth Gilead?' One spoke saying in this way, and another saying in that way.
      20 A spirit came out, stood before Yahweh, and said, 'I will entice him.' "Yahweh said to him, 'How?'
      21 "He said, 'I will go forth, and will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.' "He said, 'You will entice him, and will prevail also. Go forth, and do so.'
      22 "Now therefore, behold, Yahweh has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these your prophets; and Yahweh has spoken evil concerning you."
      23 Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah came near, and struck Micaiah on the cheek, and said, "Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh go from me to speak to you?"
      24 Micaiah said, "Behold, you shall see on that day, when you shall go into an inner room to hide yourself."
      25 The king of Israel said, "Take Micaiah, and carry him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son;
      26 and say, 'Thus says the king, "Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I return in peace."'"
      27 Micaiah said, "If you return at all in peace, Yahweh has not spoken by me." He said, "Listen, you peoples, all of you!"
      28 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramoth Gilead.
      29 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "I will disguise myself, and go into the battle; but you put on your robes." So the king of Israel disguised himself; and they went into the battle.
      30 Now the king of Syria had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying, "Fight neither with small nor great, except only with the king of Israel."
      31 It happened, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, "It is the king of Israel!" Therefore they turned around to fight against him. But Jehoshaphat cried out, and Yahweh helped him; and God moved them to depart from him.
      32 It happened, when the captains of the chariots saw that it was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from pursuing him.
      33 A certain man drew his bow at random, and struck the king of Israel between the joints of the armor. Therefore he said to the driver of the chariot, "Turn your hand, and carry me out of the army; for I am severely wounded."
      34 The battle increased that day. However the king of Israel propped himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the evening; and about the time of the going down of the sun, he died.

      2 Chroniques 34

      20 The king commanded Hilkiah, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king's servant, saying,

      Néhémie 10

      11 Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah,

      Néhémie 12

      2 Amariah, Malluch, Hattush,
      35 and certain of the priests' sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;
      41 and the priests, Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets;

      Jérémie 36

      9 Now it happened in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, that all the people in Jerusalem, and all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem, proclaimed a fast before Yahweh.
      10 Then read Baruch in the book the words of Jeremiah in the house of Yahweh, in the room of Gemariah the son of Shaphan, the scribe, in the upper court, at the entry of the new gate of Yahweh's house, in the ears of all the people.
      11 When Micaiah the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, had heard out of the book all the words of Yahweh,
      12 he went down into the king's house, into the scribe's room: and behold, all the princes were sitting there, Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan the son of Achbor, and Gemariah the son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes.
      13 Then Micaiah declared to them all the words that he had heard, when Baruch read the book in the ears of the people.

      Daniel 12

      1 "At that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince who stands for the children of your people; and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time your people shall be delivered, everyone who shall be found written in the book.

      Michée 1

      1 The word of Yahweh that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.
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