Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

MISÉRICORDE

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Ce mot a deux sens à la fois distincts et complémentaires.

I La miséricorde est le sentiment par lequel la misère d'autrui touche notre coeur (cors =coeur).

Ici miséricorde est donc synonyme de compassion (voir ce mot).

Dans un bon nombre de passages (Ne 9:27,28,31 Ps 103:4,13 Esa 60:10 63:9, Mt 9:36 14:14 Jas 5:11,1Pi 3:8, etc.), les deux mots sont employés indifféremment pour traduire le même terme hébreu ou grec qui, dans son acception première, désigne les entrailles (voir ce mot).

On sait que les entrailles étaient considérées comme le siège des sentiments et des émotions. De là l'expression : « entrailles de miséricorde » (Lu 1:78, Col 3:12).

La miséricorde de Dieu est une manifestation de sa bonté envers les hommes à la vue de leurs souffrances et de leurs misères.

C'est pour cela que le mot hébreu khésed, traduit habituellement par : bonté, est parfois rendu par : miséricorde (Ex 20:6, De 5:10 7:9,12,1Ch 16:34, Ne 13:22, Ps 5:8 118:1 130:7 etc.).

Il est une parole qui revient comme un leitmotiv pour exprimer ces différents aspects de l'amour de Dieu : « L'Éternel est miséricordieux et compatissant, lent à la colère et riche en bonté » (Ex 34:6, Ne 9:17, Ps 86:15 103:8, Joe 2:13, Jon 4:2 etc.). Dans le N.T. le mot le plus fréquent est éléos (Lu 1:50,54,58,72 1Ro 9:23 Eph 2:4, Heb 4:16 etc.).

Le verbe éléeïn signifie : avoir pitié (voir Kyrie, eleison).

Cette miséricorde, faite de bonté et de compassion, Dieu nous demande de l'exercer les uns envers les autres (Ps 112:4 et suivant, Mic 6:8, Za 7:9, Mt 5:7 9:13, Lu 6:36 10:37, Ro 12:8, etc.).

II La miséricorde est le sentiment qui pousse à pardonner au coupable.

Plus spécialement elle est la pitié de Dieu qui pardonne au pécheur : « Mais toi, ô Dieu, tu es toujours prêt au pardon, miséricordieux et compatissant » (Ne 9:17, cf. Ps 78:38, Da 9:9, Os 2:23, Mic 7:18 et suivant, Ro 11:30-32 1Pi 2:10, etc.).

C'est à cet amour miséricordieux que fait appel le pécheur repentant : « O Dieu, aie pitié de moi dans ta miséricorde. Dans tes grandes compassions, efface mes forfaits » (Ps 51:3). Ce psaume de la repentance est appelé « le Miséréré », parce que, dans la Vulgate (Ps 50), il commence ainsi : « Miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuarn...  »

Mis au bénéfice de la miséricorde de Dieu qui nous accorde gratuitement le pardon, nous devons, à notre tour, être miséricordieux envers ceux qui nous ont offensés, sous peine de rendre vaine, par la dureté de notre coeur, la grâce première qui nous a pardonné (parabole du serviteur impitoyable, Mt 18:23-35, cf. Mt 6:14 et suivant, Jas 2:13). Alb. D.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • Exode 20

      6 and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.

      Exode 34

      6 Yahweh passed by before him, and proclaimed, "Yahweh! Yahweh, a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth,

      1 Chroniques 16

      34 Oh give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good, for his loving kindness endures forever.

      Néhémie 9

      17 and refused to obey, neither were they mindful of your wonders that you did among them, but hardened their neck, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage. But you are a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and didn't forsake them.
      27 Therefore you delivered them into the hand of their adversaries, who distressed them. In the time of their trouble, when they cried to you, you heard from heaven; and according to your manifold mercies you gave them saviors who saved them out of the hand of their adversaries.
      28 But after they had rest, they did evil again before you; therefore left you them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them; yet when they returned, and cried to you, you heard from heaven; and many times you delivered them according to your mercies,
      31 "Nevertheless in your manifold mercies you did not make a full end of them, nor forsake them; for you are a gracious and merciful God.

      Néhémie 13

      22 I commanded the Levites that they should purify themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the Sabbath day. Remember to me, my God, this also, and spare me according to the greatness of your loving kindness.

      Psaumes 5

      8 Lead me, Yahweh, in your righteousness because of my enemies. Make your way straight before my face.

      Psaumes 50

      1 <<A Psalm by Asaph.>> The Mighty One, God, Yahweh, speaks, and calls the earth from sunrise to sunset.
      2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God shines forth.
      3 Our God comes, and does not keep silent. A fire devours before him. It is very stormy around him.
      4 He calls to the heavens above, to the earth, that he may judge his people:
      5 "Gather my saints together to me, those who have made a covenant with me by sacrifice."
      6 The heavens shall declare his righteousness, for God himself is judge. Selah.
      7 "Hear, my people, and I will speak; Israel, and I will testify against you. I am God, your God.
      8 I don't rebuke you for your sacrifices. Your burnt offerings are continually before me.
      9 I have no need for a bull from your stall, nor male goats from your pens.
      10 For every animal of the forest is mine, and the livestock on a thousand hills.
      11 I know all the birds of the mountains. The wild animals of the field are mine.
      12 If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is mine, and all that is in it.
      13 Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats?
      14 Offer to God the sacrifice of thanksgiving. Pay your vows to the Most High.
      15 Call on me in the day of trouble. I will deliver you, and you will honor me."
      16 But to the wicked God says, "What right do you have to declare my statutes, that you have taken my covenant on your lips,
      17 since you hate instruction, and throw my words behind you?
      18 When you saw a thief, you consented with him, and have participated with adulterers.
      19 "You give your mouth to evil. Your tongue frames deceit.
      20 You sit and speak against your brother. You slander your own mother's son.
      21 You have done these things, and I kept silent. You thought that I was just like you. I will rebuke you, and accuse you in front of your eyes.
      22 "Now consider this, you who forget God, lest I tear you into pieces, and there be none to deliver.
      23 Whoever offers the sacrifice of thanksgiving glorifies me, and prepares his way so that I will show God's salvation to him."

      Psaumes 51

      3 For I know my transgressions. My sin is constantly before me.

      Psaumes 78

      38 But he, being merciful, forgave iniquity, and didn't destroy them. Yes, many times he turned his anger away, and didn't stir up all his wrath.

      Psaumes 86

      15 But you, Lord, are a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth.

      Psaumes 103

      4 who redeems your life from destruction; who crowns you with loving kindness and tender mercies;
      8 Yahweh is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness.
      13 Like a father has compassion on his children, so Yahweh has compassion on those who fear him.

      Psaumes 112

      4 Light dawns in the darkness for the upright, gracious, merciful, and righteous.

      Psaumes 118

      1 Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good, for his loving kindness endures forever.

      Psaumes 130

      7 Israel, hope in Yahweh, for with Yahweh there is loving kindness. With him is abundant redemption.

      Esaïe 60

      10 "Foreigners shall build up your walls, and their kings shall minister to you: for in my wrath I struck you, but in my favor have I had mercy on you.

      Esaïe 63

      9 In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and he bore them, and carried them all the days of old.

      Daniel 9

      9 To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness; for we have rebelled against him;

      Osée 2

      23 I will sow her to me in the earth; and I will have mercy on her who had not obtained mercy; and I will tell those who were not my people, 'You are my people;' and they will say, 'My God!'"

      Joël 2

      13 Tear your heart, and not your garments, and turn to Yahweh, your God; for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and relents from sending calamity.

      Jonas 4

      2 He prayed to Yahweh, and said, "Please, Yahweh, wasn't this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm.

      Michée 6

      8 He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

      Michée 7

      18 Who is a God like you, who pardons iniquity, and passes over the disobedience of the remnant of his heritage? He doesn't retain his anger forever, because he delights in loving kindness.

      Zacharie 7

      9 "Thus has Yahweh of Armies spoken, saying, 'Execute true judgment, and show kindness and compassion every man to his brother.

      Matthieu 5

      7 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.

      Matthieu 6

      14 "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.

      Matthieu 9

      13 But you go and learn what this means: 'I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,' for I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. "
      36 But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and scattered, like sheep without a shepherd.

      Matthieu 14

      14 Jesus went out, and he saw a great multitude. He had compassion on them, and healed their sick.

      Matthieu 18

      23 Therefore the Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who wanted to reconcile accounts with his servants.
      24 When he had begun to reconcile, one was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents.
      25 But because he couldn't pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, with his wife, his children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.
      26 The servant therefore fell down and kneeled before him, saying, 'Lord, have patience with me, and I will repay you all!'
      27 The lord of that servant, being moved with compassion, released him, and forgave him the debt.
      28 "But that servant went out, and found one of his fellow servants, who owed him one hundred denarii, and he grabbed him, and took him by the throat, saying, 'Pay me what you owe!'
      29 "So his fellow servant fell down at his feet and begged him, saying, 'Have patience with me, and I will repay you!'
      30 He would not, but went and cast him into prison, until he should pay back that which was due.
      31 So when his fellow servants saw what was done, they were exceedingly sorry, and came and told to their lord all that was done.
      32 Then his lord called him in, and said to him, 'You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt, because you begged me.
      33 Shouldn't you also have had mercy on your fellow servant, even as I had mercy on you?'
      34 His lord was angry, and delivered him to the tormentors, until he should pay all that was due to him.
      35 So my heavenly Father will also do to you, if you don't each forgive your brother from your hearts for his misdeeds."

      Luc 1

      50 His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him.
      54 He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,
      58 Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her.
      78 because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the dawn from on high will visit us,

      Luc 6

      36 Therefore be merciful, even as your Father is also merciful.

      Luc 10

      37 He said, "He who showed mercy on him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."

      Romains 9

      23 and that he might make known the riches of his glory on vessels of mercy, which he prepared beforehand for glory,

      Romains 11

      30 For as you in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,
      31 even so these also have now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they may also obtain mercy.
      32 For God has shut up all to disobedience, that he might have mercy on all.

      Romains 12

      8 or he who exhorts, to his exhorting: he who gives, let him do it with liberality; he who rules, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.

      Ephésiens 2

      4 But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us,

      Colossiens 3

      12 Put on therefore, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, humility, and perseverance;

      Hébreux 4

      16 Let us therefore draw near with boldness to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy, and may find grace for help in time of need.

      Jacques 2

      13 For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment.

      Jacques 5

      11 Behold, we call them blessed who endured. You have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the Lord in the outcome, and how the Lord is full of compassion and mercy.

      1 Pierre 2

      10 who in time past were no people, but now are God's people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

      1 Pierre 3

      8 Finally, be all like-minded, compassionate, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, courteous,
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