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NORD

(Invasions du). Le « Nord » (hébreu tsaphon) désigne dans de très nombreux passages bibliques le pays par, lequel arrive l'invasion (voir Pays du Nord).

Ainsi au VIII e siècle av. J. -C, Ésaïe annonce aux Philistins que du Nord vient une fumée, une troupe... (Esa 14:31) Un siècle plus tard, Jérémie verra la fameuse chaudière dont les jets de vapeur arrivent du Nord (Jer 1:14), symbole de l'ennemi qui s'avance (Jer 4:6 6:22 10:22) et dont les rois (Jer 25:26) n'en resteront pas pour autant impunis. (cf. Eze 32:30 38:13 39:2) Les troupes assyriennes ou babyloniennes arrivaient en effet toujours en Palestine par le N., contraintes par le désert de remonter l'Euphrate qu'elles franchissaient à Carkémis, (cf. Jer 46:2) aujourd'hui Djérablous, en Haute-Syrie (voir t. I, pl. II).

Les prophètes ne précisent pas de quel ennemi il s'agit ; aussi, par » Nord » entendent-ils ou l'Assyrie (Esa 14:31, Sop 2:13), ou plus souvent Babylone (Jer 6:1 15:12 46:20,24 47:2) et, en particulier, son roi Nébucadnetsar (Eze 26:7). Mais c'est aussi du Nord qu'arrivera le vainqueur de Babylone, Cyrus, roi des Perses et des Mèdes (Esa 41:25, Jer 50:3,9,41 51:48), qui libérera les exilés, lesquels reviendront en Palestine, de ces pays du Nord (Esa 43:6 49:12, Jer 3:18 16:15 23:8 31:8), cependant que « l'Éternel des armées fera la tuerie dans le pays du Nord » (Jer 46:10, cf. Za 2:6 6:6). Vu l'époque tardive de la composition du livre de Daniel (voir art.), la mention qui y est faite d'un roi du Nord (Da 11:6 et suivants) se rapporte à un des Séleucides de Syrie. A. P.

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      Esaïe 14

      31 Howl, gate! Cry, city! You are melted away, Philistia, all of you; for smoke comes out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.

      Esaïe 41

      25 "I have raised up one from the north, and he has come; from the rising of the sun, one who calls on my name; and he shall come on rulers as on mortar, and as the potter treads clay.

      Esaïe 43

      6 I will tell the north, 'Give them up!' and tell the south, 'Don't hold them back! Bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth--

      Esaïe 49

      12 Behold, these shall come from far; and behold, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim."

      Jérémie 1

      14 Then Yahweh said to me, "Out of the north evil will break out on all the inhabitants of the land.

      Jérémie 3

      18 In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I gave for an inheritance to your fathers.

      Jérémie 4

      6 Set up a standard toward Zion. Flee for safety! Don't wait; for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction."

      Jérémie 6

      1 "Flee for safety, you children of Benjamin, out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and raise up a signal on Beth Haccherem; for evil looks forth from the north, and a great destruction.
      22 Thus says Yahweh, "Behold, a people comes from the north country. A great nation shall be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.

      Jérémie 10

      22 The voice of news, behold, it comes, and a great commotion out of the north country, to make the cities of Judah a desolation, a dwelling place of jackals.

      Jérémie 15

      12 Can one break iron, even iron from the north, and brass?

      Jérémie 16

      15 but, As Yahweh lives, who brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the countries where he had driven them. I will bring them again into their land that I gave to their fathers.

      Jérémie 23

      8 but, As Yahweh lives, who brought up and who led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them. They shall dwell in their own land.

      Jérémie 25

      26 and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

      Jérémie 31

      8 Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together: a great company shall they return here.

      Jérémie 46

      2 Of Egypt: concerning the army of Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah.
      10 For that day is of the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour and be satiate, and shall drink its fill of their blood; for the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates.
      20 Egypt is a very beautiful heifer; but destruction out of the north has come, it has come.
      24 The daughter of Egypt shall be disappointed; she shall be delivered into the hand of the people of the north.

      Jérémie 47

      2 Thus says Yahweh: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and those who dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

      Jérémie 50

      3 For out of the north there comes up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they are fled, they are gone, both man and animal.
      9 For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.
      41 Behold, a people comes from the north; and a great nation and many kings shall be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.

      Jérémie 51

      48 Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers shall come to her from the north, says Yahweh.

      Ezéchiel 26

      7 For thus says the Lord Yahweh: Behold, I will bring on Tyre Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and a company, and many people.

      Ezéchiel 32

      30 There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who are gone down with the slain; in the terror which they caused by their might they are put to shame; and they lie uncircumcised with those who are slain by the sword, and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.

      Ezéchiel 38

      13 Sheba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all the young lions of it, shall tell you, Have you come to take the spoil? have you assembled your company to take the prey? to carry away silver and gold, to take away livestock and goods, to take great spoil?

      Ezéchiel 39

      2 and I will turn you around, and will lead you on, and will cause you to come up from the uttermost parts of the north; and I will bring you on the mountains of Israel;

      Daniel 11

      6 At the end of years they shall join themselves together; and the daughter of the king of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the strength of her arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm; but she shall be given up, and those who brought her, and he who became the father of her, and he who strengthened her in those times.

      Zacharie 2

      6 Come! Come! Flee from the land of the north,' says Yahweh; 'for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the sky,' says Yahweh.

      Zacharie 6

      6 The one with the black horses goes out toward the north country; and the white went out after them; and the dappled went forth toward the south country."
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