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Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

SIMON PIERRE

I Pierre disciple de Jésus.

Les seuls renseignements que nous ayons sur Pierre, disciple de Jésus, nous sont fournis par les évangiles. --Le nom primitif de l'apôtre est celui de « Syméon » (Ac 15:14,2Pi 1:1), forme sémitique que les évangiles ont grécisée et transcrivent « Simon ». En plus de ce nom, l'apôtre porte un surnom : celui de Kepha, qu'on a tantôt transcrit « Céphas », tantôt traduit « Pierre ». Cette dernière forme est la plus courante dans les évangiles, où elle se rencontre souvent accolée à « Simon ». L'origine de ce surnom, ainsi que le rapporte la tradition, remonte à Jésus. Mais les textes ne sont pas d'accord quant au moment où Jésus aurait donné ce nom à Simon. Si l'on en croit Matthieu (Mt 16:1 et suivant), ce serait après la confession de foi de Césarée ; selon Jean (Jn 1:42), par contre, ce fait a eu lieu lors de la première rencontre entre Pierre et Jésus, et Marc (Mr 3:16) semble confirmer Jn. On a l'impression que la tradition évangélique a perdu le souvenir exact du moment où cela s'était produit.

--D'après Jean (Jn 1:42 21:15 et suivants), Simon est fils de Jean, nom que Matthieu (Mt 16:17) donne sous sa forme araméenne « Jonas ». Originaire de Bethsaïda (Jn 1:44), petite bourgade au Nord du lac de Tibériade, il habitait Capernaüm au moment de sa rencontre avec Jésus (Mr 1:21,29). Il demeurait avec son frère André et sa belle-mère, car il était marié (Mr 1:30,1Co 9:5). C'est là que Jésus le rencontre et l'appelle à lui.

--Le 4e évangile nous rapporte une tradition différente sur la vocation de Pierre. C'est en Judée et non en Galilée qu'il situe la scène, et c'est parmi les disciples de Jean-Baptiste que Jésus recrute ses deux premiers disciples dont l'un est André, frère de Pierre. Les circonstances font penser que Pierre également était disciple du Baptiste, et qu'il est passé à Jésus en même temps que son frère André, ou peu de temps après.

Tout de suite, Pierre occupe une place prédominante dans le groupe des disciples de Jésus. Avec les fils de Zébédée et son frère André, il forme le cercle des intimes du Maître. Mais presque toujours c'est lui qui est en avant. Le récit synoptique est partout imprégné de cette primauté ; il nous présente l'apôtre comme le porte-parole des Douze, leur intermédiaire entre eux et Jésus. C'est Pierre qui répond à Jésus lorsque, sur le chemin de Césarée de Philippe, celui-ci les interroge sur sa propre personne (Mr 8:27 et suivants et parallèle). C'est Pierre qui, sur la montagne de la transfiguration, propose à Jésus de dresser des tentes (Mr 9:2 et suivants et parallèle). Dans les listes des disciples, Pierre occupe toujours la première place (Mr 3:16, Lu 6:14, Ac 1:13), et Matthieu (Mt 10:2) insiste même sur cette qualité de « premier ». En dehors de Marc les autres synoptiques ont toute une série de passages qui mettent Pierre en avant. (ainsi Mt 14:28-31 16:17,19 17:24-27 18:21, Lu 5:3 12:41 22:32 etc.) Le 4e évangile jette une note un peu différente et semble vouloir replacer Pierre au second rang dans le cercle des disciples. Il n'est plus le premier disciple appelé par Jésus. A côté de lui, et même avant lui, apparaît le « disciple bien-aimé ». Seul le chap. 21 fait jouer à Pierre le rôle principal, mais la critique le refuse à l'auteur du 4 e évangile (voir Jean [évangile de]).

Quelle est la raison de la supériorité que les évangiles attribuent à Pierre sur les autres disciples ? Ancien pêcheur des bords du lac de Tibériade, Pierre était un homme du peuple. Certes ses connaissances intellectuelles devaient être plutôt faibles, mais son intelligence était vive. Loin d'être une personnalité de second plan, il se détache, au contraire, de ses semblables pour se mettre à leur tête. Toutefois un curieux contraste existe en lui. A côté d'un enthousiasme débordant, d'un caractère intrépide, il y a de l'inconstance et de la versatilité. C'est un tempérament impulsif qui suit l'impression du moment. Et le surnom que lui donna Jésus semble être une gageure, car à première vue nul ne paraît moins que lui comparable à un roc. La scène du lac de Tibériade (Mt 14:24 et suivants) illustre bien le caractère de Pierre : enthousiaste, il n'hésite pas à sauter hors de la barque à l'appel de Jésus, mais bientôt son ardeur faiblit et la peur le prend. Pierre est le seul à proclamer hautement son attachement pour le Maître, mais est aussi le premier à le renier ouvertement au moment du danger. Aussi son surnom a-t-il excité la curiosité des critiques, qui ont apporté plus d'une hypothèse pour chercher à l'expliquer. Quoi qu'il en soit, il est certain que la tradition (judéo-chrétienne) qui établit un lien entre le nom et la parole sur l'Église (Mt 16:18) est très ancienne. Elle présuppose un original araméen dans lequel le genre du nom et celui du mot signifiant « rocher » est le même (Kepha), ce qui n'est pas le cas dans le grec (Petros-Petra). L'Église qui doit être construite sur le rocher qu'est Pierre est ce « reste d'Israël » dont avaient parlé les prophètes.

Mais en même temps, cette parole, dont l'authenticité n'a pas besoin d'être contestée, doit viser les qualités particulières rendant Pierre propre à la grande tâche qui lui est assignée. Si l'on compare Pierre avec ses compagnons, on comprend mieux pourquoi Jésus le distingua d'une façon particulière et pourquoi il lui donna le surnom de « Pierre ». La place prédominante qu'il paraît avoir occupée parmi les autres disciples devait rendre sa chute plus visible que celle des autres. L'intérêt que lui porte Jésus provient sans doute de ce caractère aux contrastes si violents. L'enthousiasme débordant et l'ardeur juvénile du disciple attirèrent la sympathie du Maître, l'inconstance et la faiblesse suscitèrent son amour.

II Pierre apôtre.

Sur l'activité de Pierre après la mort de Jésus, des renseignements nous sont donnés en premier lieu par les Actes, puis par les épîtres de Paul et quelques passages des évangiles. --Le Maître disparu, Pierre, que son rôle pendant la vie de Jésus mettait en avant, prend la tête du groupe des disciples. Il assure la direction de la petite communauté qui va se former à Jérusalem. Il est le premier témoin de la résurrection (1Co 15:5), et ce fait lui octroie une autorité plus grande encore. Comme pendant la vie du Christ, il est le porte-parole des disciples. C'est lui qui explique à la foule le miracle de Pentecôte (Ac 2:14 et suivants). Accompagné de Jean qui joue un rôle de figurant, il guérit un impotent (Ac 3:1 et suivants) et défend la cause de l'Évangile devant les autorités (Ac 4:8 5:29 et suivants). Comme chef de la communauté, c'est à lui qu'incombe le devoir de juger Ananias (Ac 5:1 et suivants). La prophétie de Jésus s'accomplit en ce sens que c'est bien sur lui que se fonde la communauté primitive. Et Paul le cite comme première autorité au moment de sa conversion (Ga 1:18). Mais l'activité de Pierre ne se borne pas à Jérusalem ; il s'en va en Samarie consacrer l'oeuvre de Philippe (Ac 8:14,25). Plus tard, il se rend à Lydde, Joppé et Césarée où il accomplit plusieurs miracles et baptise Corneille (Ac 9:32-10:48). Son tempérament impulsif le pousse à l'activité missionnaire. Pierre est, en effet, avec Paul, le grand missionnaire du christianisme primitif. Il existait une mission judéo-chrétienne non seulement parmi les Juifs, mais aussi parmi les païens, et dans les premiers temps Pierre paraît en avoir été le principal promoteur. Le travail de missionnaire répondait mieux à ses capacités que le travail d'organisateur. Aussi son autorité paraît-elle diminuer dans l'Église de Jérusalem, où il est supplanté par Jacques. Dans le récit que donne Paul de la conférence de Jérusalem (Ga 2:1 et suivants), Pierre n'est mentionné qu'en second lieu après Jacques. Les deux chefs jouissant d'un prestige égal ne pouvaient pas rester tous les deux à la tête de la communauté hiérosolymite. Après son emprisonnement par Hérode, Pierre quitte la ville sainte, mais aucune indication ne nous est fournie sur l'endroit où il est allé. Il gagna « un autre lieu », dit le livre des Actes (Ac 12:17). Accompagné de sa femme (1Co 9:5), il partit probablement pour exercer la mission dans l'empire romain. Après le concile de Jérusalem (Ac 15), il disparaît du livre des Actes et, lors du dernier voyage de Paul à Jérusalem, Jacques est seul mentionné (Ac 21:18).

A Jérusalem, Pierre a trouvé un maître en Jacques ; dans son activité missionnaire, il en trouvera un autre en Paul. Malgré la séparation établie, lors de la conférence de Jérusalem, entre les champs de travail des deux missionnaires (Ga 2:9), dans la pratique les rencontres étaient inévitables. Déjà peu de temps après la célèbre entrevue, Pierre vint à Antioche où Paul se trouvait avec Barnabas. L'apôtre de la circoncision, ainsi que le nomme Paul, ne craint pas de se mêler avec les païens convertis, pour le repas de la Cène, et tous les judéo-chrétiens font de même. A ce moment, des envoyés de Jacques viennent à Antioche, et Pierre rompt subitement avec les pagano-chrétiens, entraînant derrière lui les autres Juifs convertis. Cette conduite suscite la colère de Paul, qui reproche à Pierre d'agir contrairement à l'Évangile (Ga 2:11,14). Pierre, qui, par son caractère enthousiaste, devait être peu porté à l'intransigeance dogmatique, fait donc preuve encore ici d'inconsistance. --Dans la suite, une légère rivalité entre les deux missionnaires, ou plutôt leurs partisans, n'a peut-être pas disparu complètement. Dans 1Co 1:12, Paul mentionne, parmi les partis qui se sont formés à Corinthe, celui de Kepha. Les rapports directs qui avaient uni l'ancien disciple avec Jésus homme devaient conférer, aux yeux de certains convertis, une plus grande autorité à Pierre, et cette question de prestige a certainement contribué à la formation des partis autant que la différence d'attitude à l'égard de la loi ( « N'ai-je pas vu Jésus, notre Seigneur ? » 1Co 9:1). Malgré tout, le rôle prépondérant de Pierre a pris fin. Après avoir mené la barque chrétienne au milieu des flots au moment où l'enthousiasme régnait encore, il se voit obligé de céder sa place de pilote à deux autres personnalités.

III Pierre martyr.

Sur la fin de la vie de l'apôtre, nous ne possédons rien dans le N.T. en dehors de la prophétie de Jn 21:18. La légende (Actes de Pierre, Pseudo-Clémentines) nous donne bien un récit de l'activité de Pierre en dehors de la Palestine ; elle le promène à travers tout l'empire romain depuis les rives de la mer Noire jusqu'en Grande-Bretagne en passant par l'Egypte, l'Afrique du Nord, l'Italie, la Gaule, etc. De tout ce luxe de détails on ne peut guère retenir qu'une chose fort probable : son voyage à Rome. Il est vrai que l'épître de Paul aux Ro 11 en parle pas et que les lettres de la captivité ne le mentionnent pas non plus. Mais le séjour de l'apôtre à Rome est attesté par beaucoup d'auteurs de l'antiquité ; il est confirmé par le fait que la 1 re ép. de Pierre (voir art.) est écrite dans cette ville. La tradition veut que Pierre y soit mort martyr sous la persécution de Néron. Son martyre est en effet présupposé par Jean (Jn 21:18 et suivant). Clément, dans son ép. aux Corinthiens (5 et 6) qui date de 95 environ, rappelle le fait, mais sans en indiquer l'endroit ; toutefois, il est évident qu'il ne peut s'agir d'une autre ville que Rome. Ignace d'Antioche, dans ses ép. aux Romains (4:3), aux Tralliens (3:3), aux Éphésiens (12:1 et suivant), mentionne le séjour de Pierre à Rome, mais sans parler de son martyre. Papias (Eusèbe, H.E., III, 39) connaît également ce séjour. Denys de Corinthe (Eus., H.E., II, 25), qui présente Pierre et Paul comme les fondateurs de l'Église de Corinthe, rapporte que les deux apôtres partirent pour Rome où ils subirent tous les deux le martyre. Enfin Tertullien, Irénée, Clément d'Alexandrie rapportent la même tradition. Le presbytre romain Gaïus, pour prouver le séjour de Pierre à Rome, nous annonce que le tombeau de l'apôtre est au Vatican. Mais aucun de ces écrivains ne parie encore de Pierre comme évêque de cette Église. Le premier évêque de Rome aurait été Linus (voir ce mot), d'après Irénée, Rufin, etc., et c'est seulement au III e siècle que l'on commencera à insister sur l'épiscopat romain de l'apôtre (voir Clefs [pouvoir des]). De toutes ces traditions, on peut retenir une chose à peu près certaine : c'est que Pierre est venu à Rome peu de temps avant la persécution néro-nienne dans laquelle il a trouvé la mort. D'après la 1 re ép. de Clément (ch. 5), Pierre et Paul seraient morts victimes de la jalousie de leurs coreligionnaires. En rapprochant cette donnée de la description que l'épître de Paul (Ro 1:15-17) fait de l'état moral de l'Église romaine, on est tenté de penser à une dénonciation de la part des judéo-chrétiens.

--Les fouilles entreprises en 1915 sous la basilique de Saint-Sébastien ne nous ont rien appris de précis non plus sur la fin du grand apôtre. BIBLIOGRAPHIE. --Dans le cadre des histoires générales du siècle apostolique, des études ont été consacrées à Pierre. --La question du séjour de l'apôtre à Rome a été traitée surtout par Ch. Guignebert, La primauté de Pierre et la venue de Pierre à Rome (1909). --H. Lietzmann, Petrus u. Paulus in Rom (1915). --O. Cullmann, Les causes de la mort de Pierre et de Paul d'après le témoignage de Clément Romain (Rev. Strasb., 1931, pp. 294-300). O.C.

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    • Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Lévitique 21

      1 Yahweh said to Moses, "Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them, 'A priest shall not defile himself for the dead among his people;
      2 except for his relatives that are near to him: for his mother, for his father, for his son, for his daughter, for his brother,
      3 and for his virgin sister who is near to him, who has had no husband; for her he may defile himself.
      4 He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
      5 "'They shall not shave their heads, neither shall they shave off the corners of their beards, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.
      6 They shall be holy to their God, and not profane the name of their God; for they offer the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, the bread of their God; therefore they shall be holy.
      7 "'They shall not marry a woman who is a prostitute, or profane; neither shall they marry a woman divorced from her husband: for he is holy to his God.
      8 You shall sanctify him therefore; for he offers the bread of your God: he shall be holy to you: for I Yahweh, who sanctify you, am holy.
      9 "'The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the prostitute, she profanes her father: she shall be burned with fire.
      10 "'He who is the high priest among his brothers, upon whose head the anointing oil is poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not let the hair of his head hang loose, nor tear his clothes;
      11 neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother;
      12 neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him. I am Yahweh.
      13 "'He shall take a wife in her virginity.
      14 A widow, or one divorced, or a woman who has been defiled, or a prostitute, these he shall not marry: but a virgin of his own people shall he take as a wife.
      15 He shall not profane his seed among his people: for I am Yahweh who sanctifies him.'"
      16 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      17 "Say to Aaron, 'None of your seed throughout their generations who has a blemish, may approach to offer the bread of his God.
      18 For whatever man he is that has a blemish, he shall not draw near: a blind man, or a lame, or he who has a flat nose, or any deformity,
      19 or a man who has an injured foot, or an injured hand,
      20 or hunchbacked, or a dwarf, or one who has a defect in his eye, or an itching disease, or scabs, or who has damaged testicles;
      21 no man of the seed of Aaron the priest who has a blemish, shall come near to offer the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. Since he has a blemish, he shall not come near to offer the bread of his God.
      22 He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of the holy.
      23 He shall not come near to the veil, nor come near to the altar, because he has a blemish; that he may not profane my sanctuaries, for I am Yahweh who sanctifies them.'"
      24 So Moses spoke to Aaron, and to his sons, and to all the children of Israel.

      Lamentations 1

      1 How the city sits solitary, that was full of people! She has become as a widow, who was great among the nations! She who was a princess among the provinces has become tributary!
      2 She weeps bitterly in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; among all her lovers she has none to comfort her: All her friends have dealt treacherously with her; they are become her enemies.
      3 Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwells among the nations, she finds no rest: all her persecutors overtook her within the straits.
      4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn assembly; all her gates are desolate, her priests do sigh: her virgins are afflicted, and she herself is in bitterness.
      5 Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; for Yahweh has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.
      6 From the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, they are gone without strength before the pursuer.
      7 Jerusalem remembers in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that were from the days of old: when her people fell into the hand of the adversary, and no one helped her, The adversaries saw her, they mocked at her desolations.
      8 Jerusalem has grievously sinned; therefore she has become as an unclean thing; all who honored her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yes, she sighs, and turns backward.
      9 Her filthiness was in her skirts; she didn't remember her latter end; therefore is she come down wonderfully; she has no comforter: see, Yahweh, my affliction; for the enemy has magnified himself.
      10 The adversary has spread out his hand on all her pleasant things: for she has seen that the nations are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom you commanded that they should not enter into your assembly.
      11 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for food to refresh the soul: look, Yahweh, and see; for I am become abject.
      12 Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there is any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.
      13 From on high has he sent fire into my bones, and it prevails against them; He has spread a net for my feet, he has turned me back: He has made me desolate and faint all the day.
      14 The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand; They are knit together, they have come up on my neck; he has made my strength to fail: The Lord has delivered me into their hands, against whom I am not able to stand.
      15 The Lord has set at nothing all my mighty men in the midst of me; He has called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men: The Lord has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.
      16 For these things I weep; my eye, my eye runs down with water; Because the comforter who should refresh my soul is far from me: My children are desolate, because the enemy has prevailed.
      17 Zion spreads forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Yahweh has commanded concerning Jacob, that those who are around him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.
      18 Yahweh is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: Please hear all you peoples, and see my sorrow: My virgins and my young men are gone into captivity.
      19 I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: My priests and my elders gave up the spirit in the city, While they sought them food to refresh their souls.
      20 See, Yahweh; for I am in distress; my heart is troubled; My heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: Abroad the sword bereaves, at home there is as death.
      21 They have heard that I sigh; there is none to comfort me; All my enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that you have done it: You will bring the day that you have proclaimed, and they shall be like me.
      22 Let all their wickedness come before you; Do to them, as you have done to me for all my transgressions: For my sighs are many, and my heart is faint.

      Matthieu 10

      2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;

      Matthieu 14

      24 But the boat was now in the middle of the sea, distressed by the waves, for the wind was contrary.
      28 Peter answered him and said, "Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the waters."
      29 He said, "Come!" Peter stepped down from the boat, and walked on the waters to come to Jesus.
      30 But when he saw that the wind was strong, he was afraid, and beginning to sink, he cried out, saying, "Lord, save me!"
      31 Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand, took hold of him, and said to him, "You of little faith, why did you doubt?"

      Matthieu 16

      1 The Pharisees and Sadducees came, and testing him, asked him to show them a sign from heaven.
      17 Jesus answered him, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven.
      18 I also tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
      19 I will give to you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven; and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven."

      Matthieu 17

      24 When they had come to Capernaum, those who collected the didrachma coins came to Peter, and said, "Doesn't your teacher pay the didrachma?"

      Matthieu 18

      21 Then Peter came and said to him, "Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Until seven times?"

      Marc 1

      21 They went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught.
      29 Immediately, when they had come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
      30 Now Simon's wife's mother lay sick with a fever, and immediately they told him about her.

      Marc 3

      16 Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter;

      Marc 8

      27 Jesus went out, with his disciples, into the villages of Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked his disciples, "Who do men say that I am?"

      Marc 9

      2 After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James, and John, and brought them up onto a high mountain privately by themselves, and he was changed into another form in front of them.

      Luc 5

      3 He entered into one of the boats, which was Simon's, and asked him to put out a little from the land. He sat down and taught the multitudes from the boat.

      Luc 6

      14 Simon, whom he also named Peter; Andrew, his brother; James; John; Philip; Bartholomew;

      Luc 12

      41 Peter said to him, "Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everybody?"

      Luc 22

      32 but I prayed for you, that your faith wouldn't fail. You, when once you have turned again, establish your brothers ."

      Jean 1

      42 He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him, and said, "You are Simon the son of Jonah. You shall be called Cephas" (which is by interpretation, Peter).
      44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter.

      Jean 21

      15 So when they had eaten their breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me more than these?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I have affection for you." He said to him, "Feed my lambs."
      18 Most certainly I tell you, when you were young, you dressed yourself, and walked where you wanted to. But when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you, and carry you where you don't want to go."

      Actes 1

      13 When they had come in, they went up into the upper room, where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.

      Actes 2

      14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea, and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.

      Actes 3

      1 Peter and John were going up into the temple at the hour of prayer, the ninth hour .

      Actes 4

      8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, "You rulers of the people, and elders of Israel,

      Actes 5

      1 But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira, his wife, sold a possession,
      29 But Peter and the apostles answered, "We must obey God rather than men.

      Actes 8

      14 Now when the apostles who were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them,
      25 They therefore, when they had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, returned to Jerusalem, and preached the Good News to many villages of the Samaritans.

      Actes 9

      32 It happened, as Peter went throughout all those parts, he came down also to the saints who lived at Lydda.
      33 There he found a certain man named Aeneas, who had been bedridden for eight years, because he was paralyzed.
      34 Peter said to him, "Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and make your bed!" Immediately he arose.
      35 All who lived at Lydda and in Sharon saw him, and they turned to the Lord.
      36 Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which when translated, means Dorcas. This woman was full of good works and acts of mercy which she did.
      37 It happened in those days that she fell sick, and died. When they had washed her, they laid her in an upper room.
      38 As Lydda was near Joppa, the disciples, hearing that Peter was there, sent two men to him, imploring him not to delay in coming to them.
      39 Peter got up and went with them. When he had come, they brought him into the upper room. All the widows stood by him weeping, and showing the coats and garments which Dorcas had made while she was with them.
      40 Peter put them all out, and kneeled down and prayed. Turning to the body, he said, "Tabitha, get up!" She opened her eyes, and when she saw Peter, she sat up.
      41 He gave her his hand, and raised her up. Calling the saints and widows, he presented her alive.
      42 And it became known throughout all Joppa, and many believed in the Lord.
      43 It happened, that he stayed many days in Joppa with one Simon, a tanner.

      Actes 10

      1 Now there was a certain man in Caesarea, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment,
      2 a devout man, and one who feared God with all his house, who gave gifts for the needy generously to the people, and always prayed to God.
      3 At about the ninth hour of the day , he clearly saw in a vision an angel of God coming to him, and saying to him, "Cornelius!"
      4 He, fastening his eyes on him, and being frightened, said, "What is it, Lord?" He said to him, "Your prayers and your gifts to the needy have gone up for a memorial before God.
      5 Now send men to Joppa, and get Simon, who is surnamed Peter.
      6 He lodges with one Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the seaside. "
      7 When the angel who spoke to him had departed, Cornelius called two of his household servants and a devout soldier of those who waited on him continually.
      8 Having explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.
      9 Now on the next day as they were on their journey, and got close to the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray at about noon.
      10 He became hungry and desired to eat, but while they were preparing, he fell into a trance.
      11 He saw heaven opened and a certain container descending to him, like a great sheet let down by four corners on the earth,
      12 in which were all kinds of four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles, and birds of the sky.
      13 A voice came to him, "Rise, Peter, kill and eat!"
      14 But Peter said, "Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean."
      15 A voice came to him again the second time, "What God has cleansed, you must not call unclean."
      16 This was done three times, and immediately the vessel was received up into heaven.
      17 Now while Peter was very perplexed in himself what the vision which he had seen might mean, behold, the men who were sent by Cornelius, having made inquiry for Simon's house, stood before the gate,
      18 and called and asked whether Simon, who was surnamed Peter, was lodging there.
      19 While Peter was pondering the vision, the Spirit said to him, "Behold, three men seek you.
      20 But arise, get down, and go with them, doubting nothing; for I have sent them."
      21 Peter went down to the men, and said, "Behold, I am he whom you seek. Why have you come?"
      22 They said, "Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous man and one who fears God, and well spoken of by all the nation of the Jews, was directed by a holy angel to invite you to his house, and to listen to what you say."
      23 So he called them in and lodged them. On the next day Peter arose and went out with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.
      24 On the next day they entered into Caesarea. Cornelius was waiting for them, having called together his relatives and his near friends.
      25 When it happened that Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell down at his feet, and worshiped him.
      26 But Peter raised him up, saying, "Stand up! I myself am also a man."
      27 As he talked with him, he went in and found many gathered together.
      28 He said to them, "You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn't call any man unholy or unclean.
      29 Therefore also I came without complaint when I was sent for. I ask therefore, why did you send for me?"
      30 Cornelius said, "Four days ago, I was fasting until this hour, and at the ninth hour, I prayed in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,
      31 and said, 'Cornelius, your prayer is heard, and your gifts to the needy are remembered in the sight of God.
      32 Send therefore to Joppa, and summon Simon, who is surnamed Peter. He lodges in the house of Simon a tanner, by the seaside. When he comes, he will speak to you.'
      33 Therefore I sent to you at once, and it was good of you to come. Now therefore we are all here present in the sight of God to hear all things that have been commanded you by God."
      34 Peter opened his mouth and said, "Truly I perceive that God doesn't show favoritism;
      35 but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him.
      36 The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching good news of peace by Jesus Christ--he is Lord of all--
      37 you yourselves know what happened, which was proclaimed throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
      38 even Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.
      39 We are witnesses of everything he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they also killed, hanging him on a tree.
      40 God raised him up the third day, and gave him to be revealed,
      41 not to all the people, but to witnesses who were chosen before by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
      42 He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that this is he who is appointed by God as the Judge of the living and the dead.
      43 All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins."
      44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word.
      45 They of the circumcision who believed were amazed, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was also poured out on the Gentiles.
      46 For they heard them speaking in other languages and magnifying God. Then Peter answered,
      47 "Can any man forbid the water, that these who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we should not be baptized?"
      48 He commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay some days.

      Actes 12

      17 But he, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. He said, "Tell these things to James, and to the brothers." Then he departed, and went to another place.

      Actes 15

      1 Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can't be saved."
      2 Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question.
      3 They, being sent on their way by the assembly, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. They caused great joy to all the brothers.
      4 When they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all things that God had done with them.
      5 But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses."
      6 The apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter.
      7 When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, "Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the nations should hear the word of the Good News, and believe.
      8 God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us.
      9 He made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith.
      10 Now therefore why do you tempt God, that you should put a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?
      11 But we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are."
      12 All the multitude kept silence, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul reporting what signs and wonders God had done among the nations through them.
      13 After they were silent, James answered, "Brothers, listen to me.
      14 Simeon has reported how God first visited the nations, to take out of them a people for his name.
      15 This agrees with the words of the prophets. As it is written,
      16 'After these things I will return. I will again build the tabernacle of David, which has fallen. I will again build its ruins. I will set it up,
      17 That the rest of men may seek after the Lord; All the Gentiles who are called by my name, Says the Lord, who does all these things.
      18 All his works are known to God from eternity.'
      19 "Therefore my judgment is that we don't trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God,
      20 but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood.
      21 For Moses from generations of old has in every city those who preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath."
      22 Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brothers.
      23 They wrote these things by their hand: "The apostles, the elders, and the brothers, to the brothers who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: greetings.
      24 Because we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, 'You must be circumcised and keep the law,' to whom we gave no commandment;
      25 it seemed good to us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,
      26 men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
      27 We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves will also tell you the same things by word of mouth.
      28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things:
      29 that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality, from which if you keep yourselves, it will be well with you. Farewell."
      30 So, when they were sent off, they came to Antioch. Having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the letter.
      31 When they had read it, they rejoiced over the encouragement.
      32 Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, encouraged the brothers with many words, and strengthened them.
      33 After they had spent some time there, they were sent back with greetings from the brothers to the apostles.
      34
      35 But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.
      36 After some days Paul said to Barnabas, "Let's return now and visit our brothers in every city in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord, to see how they are doing."
      37 Barnabas planned to take John, who was called Mark, with them also.
      38 But Paul didn't think that it was a good idea to take with them someone who had withdrawn from them in Pamphylia, and didn't go with them to do the work.
      39 Then the contention grew so sharp that they separated from each other. Barnabas took Mark with him, and sailed away to Cyprus,
      40 but Paul chose Silas, and went out, being commended by the brothers to the grace of God.
      41 He went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the assemblies.

      Actes 21

      18 The day following, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present.

      Romains 1

      15 So, as much as is in me, I am eager to preach the Good News to you also who are in Rome.
      16 For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, for it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek.
      17 For in it is revealed God's righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, "But the righteous shall live by faith."

      Romains 11

      1 I ask then, did God reject his people? May it never be! For I also am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.
      2 God didn't reject his people, which he foreknew. Or don't you know what the Scripture says about Elijah? How he pleads with God against Israel:
      3 "Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have broken down your altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life."
      4 But how does God answer him? "I have reserved for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal."
      5 Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.
      6 And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.
      7 What then? That which Israel seeks for, that he didn't obtain, but the chosen ones obtained it, and the rest were hardened.
      8 According as it is written, "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day."
      9 David says, "Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, a stumbling block, and a retribution to them.
      10 Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Bow down their back always."
      11 I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.
      12 Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
      13 For I speak to you who are Gentiles. Since then as I am an apostle to Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;
      14 if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh, and may save some of them.
      15 For if the rejection of them is the reconciling of the world, what would their acceptance be, but life from the dead?
      16 If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches.
      17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them, and became partaker with them of the root and of the richness of the olive tree;
      18 don't boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who support the root, but the root supports you.
      19 You will say then, "Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in."
      20 True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don't be conceited, but fear;
      21 for if God didn't spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you.
      22 See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off.
      23 They also, if they don't continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
      24 For if you were cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree, how much more will these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
      25 For I don't desire you to be ignorant, brothers, of this mystery, so that you won't be wise in your own conceits, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in,
      26 and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, "There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, and he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
      27 This is my covenant to them, when I will take away their sins."
      28 Concerning the Good News, they are enemies for your sake. But concerning the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sake.
      29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
      30 For as you in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,
      31 even so these also have now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they may also obtain mercy.
      32 For God has shut up all to disobedience, that he might have mercy on all.
      33 Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!
      34 "For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?"
      35 "Or who has first given to him, and it will be repaid to him again?"
      36 For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things. To him be the glory for ever! Amen.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      12 Now I mean this, that each one of you says, "I follow Paul," "I follow Apollos," "I follow Cephas," and, "I follow Christ."

      1 Corinthiens 9

      1 Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Haven't I seen Jesus Christ, our Lord? Aren't you my work in the Lord?
      5 Have we no right to take along a wife who is a believer, even as the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?

      1 Corinthiens 15

      5 and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.

      Galates 1

      18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Peter, and stayed with him fifteen days.

      Galates 2

      1 Then after a period of fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me.
      9 and when they perceived the grace that was given to me, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision.
      11 But when Peter came to Antioch, I resisted him to his face, because he stood condemned.
      14 But when I saw that they didn't walk uprightly according to the truth of the Good News, I said to Peter before them all, "If you, being a Jew, live as the Gentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles to live as the Jews do?

      2 Pierre 1

      1 Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those who have obtained a like precious faith with us in the righteousness of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ:
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