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TABERNACLE

Ce terme, qui primitivement signifie tente (lat tabernaculutn), est le nom réservé au sanctuaire du désert.

Les passages du Pentateuque relatifs au tabernacle sont Ex 25 Ex 26 Ex 27 Ex 30 Ex 31:1-11 Ex 35:4,35 Ex 36 Ex 37 Ex 38 Ex 40, No 3:21,38 4:1,33 7:1-8:4, provenant tous de la législation sacerdotale, cf en outre Ex 33:7-11, fragment d'une autre source Il est appelé généralement tente d'assignation parce qu'il est le lieu assigné à la rencontre de Dieu et de son peuple, ou bien tente (quelquefois demeure) du Témoignage, parce qu'il renferme le Témoignage, nom donné dans le Code sacerdotal aux deux tables de la loi contenues dans l'arche de l'alliance, ou bien demeure de l'Éternel, nom qui désigne tantôt l'ensemble du sanctuaire (par ex Le 17:4, No 16:9, où nos traductions disent « tabernacle » au lieu de « demeure »), tantôt la tente proprement dite (Ex 26:1-6 35:11 etc.)

Le sanctuaire dans son ensemble comprenait :

une tente,

un parvis entourant la tente

D'après Ex 25 ss tout le détail et toutes les mesures de la construction avaient été indiqués par l'Éternel à Moïse sur le Sinaï d'après un modèle qu'il avait fait passer devant ses yeux. Le tabernacle était donc exactement conforme à ce que Dieu voulait comme lieu de rencontre entre lui et son peuple ; tout était calculé pour en faire une demeure digne de lui.

La tente (la Demeure au sens étroit) était en réalité plus qu'une simple tente ; c'était un édifice fait en partie de planches, un temple portatif, comme on l'a appelé.

Dimensions à l'intérieur : 30 coudées de long, 10 de large, 10 de haut, soit, si nous comptons, pour faciliter les calculs, la coudée à un demi-mètre, quoiqu'elle fût en réalité un peu plus courte (45-49 cm ; voir Poids et mesures) longueur 15 m, largeur et hauteur 5 m.

Trois côtés étaient entourés de planches recouvertes d'or à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur latéralement, c'est-à-dire (puisque le tabernacle était orienté vers l'E) du côte S et du côté N, on comptait 20 planches de bois d'acacia avant toutes 10 coudées de haut et une et demie (=75 cm.) de large, et le côté O en comprenait 6 de mêmes dimensions, plus deux autres pour les angles N. et S ; celles-ci avaient en tout cas la même hauteur, mais les interprètes ne sont pas d'accord sur la largeur, qui n'est pas expressément indiquée.

Il y a ici en effet une difficulté qui n'a pas encore été résolue d'une façon pleinement satisfaisante Les 6 premières planches indiquées faisant ensemble 9 coudées, il ne restait qu'une coudée à fournir pour fermer l'espace entre les deux parois latérales ; mais si les planches des angles avaient également une coudée et demie, cela faisait ensemble trois coudées, donc deux coudées de plus qu'il n'était nécessaire pour fermer l'espace vide. Une partie de ces deux coudées servait naturellement à couvrir le rebord de la dernière planche latérale N. et S., mais il aurait fallu que toutes les planches fussent épaisses chacune d'une coudée pour que celles de l'angle ne fissent pas saillie sur les deux parois N. et S. Une pareille épaisseur est inadmissible, car les planches auraient été des poutres et non plus des planches. On l'a admis cependant, mais à tort, car la tente n'aurait plus guère été transportable.

D'autres ont admis que les planches des angles n'avaient pas la même largeur que les autres, tout juste la largeur voulue pour recouvrir l'espace vide et l'épaisseur des planches latérales, qui n'est indiquée nulle part. Mais on s'attendrait à ce que le texte mentionnât cette différence de largeur, et il ne la mentionne pas. En revanche il a une phrase énigmatique (Ex 26:24) qui dit, d'après le texte samaritain, que les planches des angles doivent être doubles dans le bas et doubles dans le haut jusqu'au premier anneau (le texte massorétique dit : doubles dans le bas et pleines dans le haut, ce qu'on n'arrive pas à se représenter d'une façon quelque peu claire).

Si on admet le texte samaritain, le plus simple est de penser, comme déjà l'historien Josèphe, que les planches de l'angle étaient en forme d'équerre, qu'une partie de l'équerre achevait de couvrir l'espace vide (pour chaque planche 1/2 coudée) puis couvrait l'épaisseur de la planche latérale (1/4 de coudée ?) et que la deuxième partie de l'équerre (3/4 de coudée ?) s'appliquait sur la paroi latérale, ce qui assurait la liaison étroite entre les parois latérales et la paroi du fond et donnait à l'édifice plus de solidité. L'anneau dont il est question (Ex 26:24) serait le premier anneau de la paroi latérale (voir plus loin).

Mais pour que les planches se tinssent solidement debout, il fallait qu'elles fussent fixées au sol ; elles étaient pourvues pour cela de deux tenons, non pas parallèles comme disent certaines traductions, mais rejoints l'un à l'autre (nous ne savons pas comment) et rattachés à la planche (nous ne savons pas non plus comment), s'ils ne faisaient pas corps avec elle. Ces tenons entraient dans deux socles d'argent, assez grands pour être en bonne partie enfoncés dans le sol, et assez lourds (ils pesaient chacun un talent d'argent =43-44 kg.) pour ne pas sortir de leur place.

D'autre part, pour que les planches fussent sans déjoints et eussent une surface unie et bien plane, elles étaient chacune pourvues d'anneaux d'or, dans lesquels on passait cinq barres transversales de bois d'acacia recouvert d'or. La barre du milieu allait d'une extrémité de la paroi à l'autre : les quatre autres (appelons-les des demi-barres) n'allaient que jusqu'au milieu de la paroi en la dépassant un peu ; il y avait donc trois rangées d'anneaux, une continue au centre, les deux autres disposées de telle façon que les demi-barres du bas et du haut ne se rencontraient pas au milieu de la paroi, mais pouvaient se dépasser de quelques centimètres pour assurer la solidité de l'ensemble. Le texte ne donne pas la longueur des barres et ne dit pas si elles étaient posées à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la paroi ; le plus probable est qu'elles étaient à l'extérieur et que c'est jusqu'aux premiers anneaux, en partant de l'Ouest, que devait aller la partie de la planche de l'angle en forme d'équerre (voir ci-dessus).

Comme il convient à une tente, la couverture de la « Demeure » était faite de tapis. Il y avait quatre tapis superposés.

Le premier tapis, celui qu'on voyait de l'intérieur de la tente, était le plus précieux. Il se composait de dix bandes parallèles de fin lin retors, de pourpre violette, de pourpre écarlate et de cramoisi, le tout tissé avec art et formant des figures de chérubins, symboles de la présence divine. Chaque bande avait 28 coudées de long (=14 m.) et 4 coudées de large (=2 m.). Cinq bandes étaient cousues ensemble, de sorte que la couverture avait deux parties ; les deux parties étaient pourvues, sur les côtés où elles devaient se rencontrer, de 50 lacets (ganses) bleus (Vers. Syn. : noeuds ; Bbl. Cent. : brides), dans lesquels on passait des agrafes d'or pour les réunir. Quand tout était réuni, le tapis était long de 40 coudées et large de 28. Posé sur les parois de l'édifice en planches, à partir du côté E. laissé ouvert, il n'atteignait nulle part le sol ; c'est évident pour les parois latérales, puisqu'elles avaient chacune 10 coudées de haut et que l'espace vide était également de 10 coudées : soit ensemble 30 coudées (et non pas 28) ; pour le côté O. (fond du tabernacle) il faut tenir compte de l'épaisseur des planches, de sorte que les 40 coudées de longueur ne suffisaient pas pour recouvrir les 30 coudées (à l'intérieur) de la Demeure et les 10 coudées de la paroi : ici aussi il y avait un espace entre le sol et le bord du tapis. Évidemment on voulait éviter tout ce qui aurait pu souiller cette précieuse couverture. Nous notons que la réunion des deux parties du tapis au moyen d'agrafes se faisait à 20 coudées de distance à partir de l'entrée de la tente.

Le second tapis était fait d'un tissu de poils de chèvre, par analogie avec la couverture des tentes ordinaires. Il se composait de 11 bandes longues de 30 coudées et larges de 4 : six bandes étaient cousues ensemble et les cinq autres également, deux parties de largeur inégale, réunies par 50 lacets (ganses), dans lesquels on passait cette fois-ci des agrafes d'airain. On rempliait à l'Est de deux coudées la première des six bandes de la première partie, qui formait ainsi comme un rebord, à l'entrée de la tente, sans doute pour que la couverture se déchirât moins facilement et offrît moins de prise au vent. Il en résulte que le raccord entre les deux parties se faisait à 22 coudées à partir de l'entrée, donc deux coudées plus loin que le raccord des deux parties de la première couverture. Sur les bords latéraux, le deuxième tapis dépassait le premier d'une coudée et le protégeait ainsi complètement, sans aller jusqu'au sol, si l'on tient compte de l'épaisseur des planches ; sur le côté O. il le dépassait de deux coudées et atteignait en tout cas le sol.

Le troisième tapis était fait de peaux de bélier teintes en rouge.

Le quatrième était de peaux de dauphin (sens le plus probable) teintes en bleu. Les dimensions de ces deux tapis ne sont pas indiquées : le plus naturel est de penser qu'ils allaient jusqu'au sol pour les trois côtés à couvrir. Ils devaient évidemment protéger la tente contre les intempéries.

L'entrée de la tente se trouvait du côté E., qui n'était fermé ni par des planches, ni par les couvertures énumérées ci-dessus. Cependant il ne pouvait pas rester ouvert. On y pourvut par un grand voile tissé de fils de fin lin retors, de pourpre violette, de pourpre écarlate et de cramoisi, tissé avec art, mais sans chérubins ; le voile était fixé par des crochets et des tringles d'or à cinq colonnes de bois d'acacia recouvertes d'or (Ex 26:37), reposant sur cinq socles d'airain. D'après Ex 37:28, les chapiteaux des colonnes seuls étaient recouverts d'or.

Un autre voile de même tissu, mais avec chérubins, fixé par des crochets d'or à quatre colonnes de bois d'acacia recouvert d'or, reposant sur quatre socles d'argent, séparait à l'intérieur le lieu saint du lieu très saint. Ce voile était à 20 coudées de l'entrée, se trouvait donc immédiatement au-dessous des agrafes qui unissaient les deux parties de la première couverture. Le lieu saint avait ainsi 20 coudées de long, sur 10 de large et 10 de haut ; le lieu très saint était un cube de 10 coudées (5 m.) dans tous les sens, symbole de la perfection.

Dans le lieu très saint était placée l'arche de l'alliance, faite de bois d'acacia recouvert d'or à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur, longue de 2 coudées 1/2, large et haute de 1 coudée 1/2. Elle avait, en haut sans doute, une bordure d'or, et aux quatre coins, vers le milieu ou le bas, quatre anneaux d'or, deux d'un côté, deux de l'autre, dans lesquels on passait des barres de bois d'acacia recouvertes d'or pour la transporter ; ces barres ne devaient jamais être enlevées. A l'intérieur étaient déposées (d'après Ex 25:15) les deux tables du Témoignage (Décalogue). L'arche servait de support au propitiatoire de même longueur et de même largeur, tout entier d'or, qui en formait le couvercle. Aux extrémités du propitiatoire étaient placés deux chérubins d'or battu, qui se faisaient face l'un à l'autre, donc regardaient tous les deux vers le propitiatoire, qu'ils recouvraient de leurs ailes étendues.

Dans le lieu saint était placée, du côté de la paroi N., la table des pains de proposition, de bois d'acacia recouvert d'or, longue de deux coudées, large d'une coudée, haute d'une coudée et demie, avec une bordure (guirlande) d'or dans le haut et un châssis d'or de 4 doigts, sans doute à mi-hauteur ; près du châssis se trouvait à chaque pied un anneau d'or pour le transport de la table au moyen de deux barres d'acacia recouvertes d'or ; sur la table étaient différents ustensiles d'or : des plats pour recevoir les pains de proposition, offrande perpétuelle renouvelée chaque semaine, des godets contenant de l'encens (Le 24:7), des cruches et des coupes pour les libations de vin. Du côté de la paroi S. : le chandelier, tout entier d'or battu, avec un pied, une tige centrale et six branches partant de la tige, trois d'un côté, trois de l'autre ; la tige et les branches portaient des ornements divers et arrivaient à la même hauteur ; elles étaient surmontées de sept lampes d'or, dont les mèches devaient être tournées vers le sanctuaire pour l'éclairer ; le chandelier était accompagné de mouchettes et de cendriers également en or. Le tout pesait un talent d'or, soit 49,11 kg. (d'une valeur de 168.750 fr.) ; d'après les passages les plus récents de la législation sacerdotale, l'autel des parfums se trouvait sur le devant du voile, en face de l'arche située de l'autre côté, au centre du lieu très saint ; l'autel des parfums, haut de deux coudées (1 m.), large et long d'une coudée, était en bois d'acacia recouvert d'or avec une corne à chacun des quatre coins, attenante au bois, une guirlande d'or vers le haut et quatre anneaux d'or pour le porter avec les mêmes barres que celles de l'arche et de la table ; il était vide au milieu et on le remplissait évidemment de pierres et de terre pour pouvoir y brûler des parfums.

Autour de la tente proprement dite était le parvis, en forme de rectangle ayant 100 coudées (50 m.) de long et 50 coudées (25 m.) de large. Il était entouré de toiles de fin lin retors rattachées, au moyen de crochets et de tringles d'argent, à des piliers de bois avec socles d'airain, espacés de 5 coudées ; il y avait donc 20 piliers sur les longs côtés et 10 sur le côté O. ; à l'Est un espace de 20 coudées était réservé pour l'entrée ; les 15 coudées à droite et à gauche de l'entrée étaient fermées par des toiles et des piliers (3 de chaque côté) comme le reste du parvis. L'entrée elle-même était fermée par un voile tissé, comme celui qui fermait le tabernacle, de fils de fin lin retors, de pourpre violette, de pourpre écarlate et de cramoisi, et assujetti à 4 piliers semblables aux autres. A noter que d'après Ex 38:17,19 les chapiteaux des piliers des parvis étaient recouverts d'argent, ce que ne dit pas Ex 27:9,18. La hauteur de toute cette barrière de toile était de 5 coudées seulement, de sorte qu'elle n'empêchait pas de voir de loin le sanctuaire lui-même. On a contesté à tort le nombre des piliers. Il y en avait bien 60 en tout ; on les comptait en partant de l'angle S. -E. : 20 piliers pour la rangée S. ; à l'angle S. -O, était le premier pilier de la rangée O. (10 piliers) ; à l'angle N. -O., le premier pilier de la rangée N. (20 piliers) ; à l'angle N. -E., le premier pilier de la rangée E. ; celle-ci se divisait en trois sections : la 1 re section (15 coudées) allait du 1er pilier au pilier 4, qui était le 1 er pilier de la porte, la 2 e section (20 coudées) allait du pilier 4 au pilier 8 qui était le 1er pilier de la 3 e section : celle-ci (15 coudées) allait du pilier 8 au 1er pilier de la rangée S. La porte (l'entrée) était ainsi au milieu de la rangée E. et faisait face à l'entrée de la « Demeure ».

Dans le parvis, outre la tente d'assignation qui devait se trouver vers l'Ouest à 50 coudées de l'entrée, de sorte que sur les trois côtés S., O. et N. un même espace de 20 coudées la séparait de la barrière du parvis, étaient encore placés :

L'autel des holocaustes, de bois d'acacia recouvert d'airain, haut de trois coudées (1 m. 1/2), long et large de 5 coudées (2 m. 1/2), avec des cornes aux quatre coins, puis une grille ou treillis d'airain allant du bas jusqu'à mi-hauteur et, sur les quatre angles, quatre anneaux d'airain, adaptés au haut du treillis, pour le porter au moyen de deux barres d'acacia recouvertes d'airain ; nous ne connaissons pas exactement la forme du treillis, sans doute destine à laisser écouler le sang répandu sur l'autel. L'autel était creux (Ex 27:6 38:31) et devait être rempli de pierres ou de terre pour qu'on pût y brûler les offrandes présentées à l'Éternel. Il était accompagné de divers ustensiles nécessaires au prêtre officiant et à ses aides : cendriers, pelles, bassins, fourchettes et brasiers, le tout en airain. Comme il était un peu haut, il devait sur le devant être pourvu d'un tremplin, qui n'est mentionné nulle part. L'autel des holocaustes était placé dans la partie E. du parvis (carré de 50 coudées =25 m. de côté), en face de l'entrée de la Demeure, à une distance qui n'est pas spécifiée.

Une cuve d'airain avec sa base d'airain, entre l'autel des holocaustes et l'entrée de la Demeure, mais probablement pas en droite ligne ; elle était remplie d'eau pour les ablutions des prêtres avant leur entrée dans le lieu saint. La forme n'en est pas indiquée ; elle appartient, comme l'autel d'or, aux passages les plus récents de la législation sacerdotale.

A tous les éléments qui figurent ci-dessus dans la description de la Demeure et du parvis, il convient d'ajouter la mention de pieux (ou chevilles) d'airain, pour la Demeure et pour le parvis, et de cordes (Ex 27:19 38:29 35:18), dont l'usage n'est pas précisé. Mais comme, malgré tout, l'ensemble de la construction inspire quelques doutes sur sa solidité, on peut supposer que ces pieux (chevilles) et ces cordes servaient à mieux fixer les parois et le voile d'entrée du sanctuaire, puis la barrière de toile qui entourait le parvis.

Dans les campements du désert, le tabernacle d'assignation occupait le centre ; à l'entour immédiat campaient les lévites, le côté de l'Orient étant réservé aux prêtres ; plus loin campaient sur les quatre côtés les différentes tribus ; voir No 2 et 3.

Pour la manière de transporter le tabernacle, voir No 4.

Signification symbolique du tabernacle.

La pensée centrale est évidente. Le tabernacle, dont l'établissement figure en tête de la loi (Ex 25 SS), était la demeure visible de l'Éternel au milieu de son peuple ; il garantissait par sa présence la protection et les bénédictions du Dieu de l'alliance ; il était le lieu des révélations et le lieu où il fallait adorer l'Éternel. C'était le sanctuaire unique d'Israël.

La division en trois parties, distinctes les unes des autres : parvis, lieu saint, lieu très saint, exprimait les différents degrés de la sainteté de l'ensemble et des conditions imposées à ceux qui y pénétraient ; le parvis était ouvert aux membres du peuple, qui était un peuple saint, consacré à l'Éternel (Ex 19:6) ; mais les fidèles n'y entraient que pour amener les victimes ou apporter les offrandes qui étaient brûlées sur l'autel des holocaustes ; c'était le lieu réservé aux fonctions des lévites, serviteurs des prêtres ; le lieu saint n'était accessible qu'aux prêtres, intermédiaires obligés entre Dieu et le peuple, revêtus par le sacerdoce d'une sainteté spéciale qui leur permettait d'entrer dans la première partie de la tente sans être consumés par le feu ; le lieu très saint était la demeure même de l'Éternel, invisiblement présent dans toute la grandeur de son être et sa suprême sainteté ; il était absolument fermé à tout contact profane ; même les prêtres n'osaient pas y pénétrer ; seul le grand-prêtre y entrait un jour par année, le grand jour des Expiations, et encore devait-il préalablement se munir d'un brasier ardent et faire brûler de l'encens pour que la fumée le dérobât en quelque sorte au regard de Dieu, ou que lui-même ne vît pas les symboles sacrés de la présence divine. Le lieu très saint était complètement obscur tandis que le lieu saint était éclairé par le chandelier à sept branches.

Ces différents degrés de sainteté, qui rendaient sensible le caractère redoutable de la présence directe de Dieu, commandaient la richesse plus ou moins grande des matériaux employés pour la construction des trois parties du sanctuaire. Dans le lieu très saint tout était en or ou recouvert d'or, sauf les socles des colonnes qui étaient en argent ; le voile qui le séparait du lieu saint et le tapis formant plafond étaient d'un travail particulièrement précieux ; dans le lieu saint il en était à peu près de même, mais déjà ici il y avait une différence en moins : le voile qui fermait l'entrée de la tente n'avait pas de chérubins, et les socles des colonnes qui le soutenaient étaient d'airain ; il appartenait déjà en partie au parvis, où le métal employé était l'airain, sauf pour les crochets et les tringles qui soutenaient les voiles du pourtour et les revêtements des chapiteaux des piliers, pour lesquels on avait eu de nouveau recours à l'argent ; les voiles étaient de fin lin retors sans autre couleur que le blanc, sauf pour le voile d'entrée qui était de même tissu que le voile d'entrée de la tente.

Le chiffre 10, qui exprime une totalité, était à la base de toutes les mesures ; il était seul employé pour le lieu très saint et en symbolisait la perfection ; pour les autres parties du sanctuaire (lieu saint et parvis), la moindre sainteté était rendue sensible par des multiples de 10 (20, 100, 50, 60) ou des sous-multiples (5). Mais le symbolisme des nombres (voir ce mot.) doit-il être poussé plus loin ?

Le chiffre sacré 7 apparaît seulement dans les sept lampes du chandelier d'or (voir le chandelier de Za 4, spécialement v. 10b) ; le chiffre 3, seulement dans la division tripartite du sanctuaire, qui est donnée d'autre part par les degrés de sainteté. Le chiffre 4 indique le nombre des colonnes qui portent le voile du lieu très saint et celui des piliers qui portent le voile de l'entrée du parvis ; le multiple 4x7 (=28), la largeur de la première couverture du sanctuaire ; mais faut-il attacher à ces chiffres une valeur symbolique ? C'est douteux, car ils étaient nécessités par l'ensemble de la construction.

On a trouvé une signification symbolique dans les différentes couleurs (voir ce mot) des tapis et des voiles ; le blanc est évidemment l'emblème de la pureté, (cf. Esa 1:18) mais pour les autres couleurs l'A. T, ne nous donne lui-même aucune indication, pas plus que les peuples voisins d'Israël, pas même la Babylonie où les couleurs des différents étages des ziggourats (tours) ne sont pas encore vraiment expliquées. Il n'y a donc pas lieu d'y voir autre chose qu'un moyen de rendre plus belles et plus précieuses les étoffes employées. Les autres détails de la construction ne se prêtent pas davantage à une signification symbolique, qui serait justifiée par les données positives de l'A.T. A ce propos nous relevons que le bois d'acacia était le seul qui pouvait être employé dans la péninsule de Sinaï, l'acacia y étant le seul grand arbre d'où l'on pût tirer des planches et des colonnes de grandeur suffisante.

Cependant l'ingéniosité des interprètes s'est donné libre carrière dans l'interprétation symbolique du sanctuaire et de ses divers éléments.

Déjà l'historien Josèphe et le philosophe Philon (1er siècle de notre ère) ont vu dans le tabernacle une image du monde :

le lieu très saint =le ciel ; le lieu saint =la terre ; le parvis =la mer ; les 4 espèces de fils employés pour les tapis =les 4 éléments ; la table avec les 12 pains de proposition =l'année avec ses douze mois ; le chandelier aux 7 lampes =les 7 planètes, etc.
Après avoir subsisté pendant tout le Moyen âge, avec des variantes diverses, cette interprétation a été renouvelée de nos jours, spécialement par Bahr (Symbolik des Mosahchen Kultus, 1837, 1874).

D'autres ont vu dans le tabernacle une représentation externe et interne de l'être humain :

lieu très saint, 1° la tête, 2° l'esprit ; lieu saint, 1° le tronc, 2° l'âme ; parvis, 1° les membres, 2° le corps en opposition à l'âme ; les planches et les colonnes représenteraient les os du squelette ; les couvertures, la peau.
C'est décidément trop d'imagination. A plus forte raison quand on veut retrouver dans le tabernacle une prophétie détaillée de la nouvelle alliance. L'auteur de l'épître aux Hébreux a été beaucoup plus sage, en se bornant à relever que le tabernacle était l'ombre des choses à venir, une figure des temps nouveaux dans lesquels le Christ ouvrirait aux hommes l'accès direct au trône de la grâce de Dieu (Heb 9:1,14).

Historicité.

De nombreux interprètes ont insisté sur l'impossibilité de construire dans le désert un tabernacle aussi riche ; nous ne nous y arrêtons pas, mais nous constatons que, comme bien des prescriptions de la loi sacerdotale, le tabernacle d'Ex 25 est un mélange de théorie et de réalité.

Théorie, la place donnée au tabernacle au milieu du camp du désert, pour symboliser la présence de l'Eternel au milieu de son peuple ; la splendeur de l'intérieur de la tente, où ne sont employés que les métaux précieux et des étoffes artistement travaillées, pour en faire une demeure digne de Dieu ; la disposition tripartite de l'ensemble qui, comme celle du temple de Jérusalem, doit exprimer, avec ses différents degrés de sainteté, l'impossibilité pour l'homme pécheur de s'approcher directement de la divinité ; la distinction entre prêtres et lévites, qui n'a existé en réalité qu'après l'exil (voir Prêtres et lévites).

Réalité est l'existence même d'un tabernacle au temps du désert. Elle est garantie par le passage Ex 33:7,11, qui appartient à une des anciennes sources du Pentateuque. Ex 33 ne donne aucune description de la tente, mais il résulte du verset 6 qu'elle devait être faite de matériaux plus précieux que les tentes ordinaires, et du verset 11 qu'elle devait se diviser en deux parties, comme du reste bon nombre de sanctuaires païens, une partie postérieure qui était spécialement la Demeure de Dieu et où était certainement déposée l'arche (quoique celle-ci ne soit pas mentionnée Ex 33), et une partie antérieure, sorte de vestibule où se tenait continuellement Josué, le jeune serviteur de Moise, chargé de la garde du sanctuaire. L'idée de la sainteté divine qui interdisait les contacts profanes était exprimée par le fait que le tabernacle était placé hors du camp. Quand Moïse y entrait pour consulter l'Éternel, la nuée descendait et s'arrêtait à l'entrée de la tente ; le peuple resté dans le camp se levait, et chacun se prosternait à l'entrée de sa propre demeure. Ici aussi la tradition a sans doute quelque peu coloré la réalité, mais il n'y a aucune raison valable de mettre en doute l'existence de l'arche et de la tente qui l'abritait, pas plus que de nier l'activité médiatrice et sacerdotale de Moïse. La tente d'assignation est encore mentionnée dans No 12:4,10 et De 31:14 et suivant par la même source que Ex 33:7,11, mais nous ne savons ce qu'elle est devenue au moment de l'entrée en Canaan. Elle n'a cependant pas cessé d'exister, car 2Sa 7:6 déclare positivement que, depuis le jour où il a fait sortir son peuple d'Egypte, l'Eternel a toujours habité dans une tente, et c'est en vertu de cette antique tradition que David, avant de penser à construire un temple, avait élevé sur la colline de Sion une tente pour abriter l'arche de l'Éternel transportée dans la nouvelle capitale (2Sa 6).

Toutefois, si nous sommes assez bien informés des destinées de l'arche d'abord à Guilgal, puis en tout cas à Silo, chez les Philistins, à Beth-Sémès, à Kirjath-Jéarim et enfin à Jérusalem, nous ne pouvons pas suivre de la même façon les destinées du tabernacle pendant la période des Juges. Il se trouvait peut-être à Silo, mais à Silo il y avait un temple (voir Sanctuaire), et on ne se représente pas très bien comment tabernacle et temple pouvaient se concilier. Plus tard les Chroniques le placent à Gabaon (2Ch 1:5-9, cf. 1Ch 16:39 21:29 et suivant), mais ce renseignement manque dans le parallèle 1Ro 3:4, et il est assez probable que le Chroniqueur cherche à expliquer par là l'importance du haut-lieu de Gabaon ; en tout cas il pense au tabernacle de Ex 25 ss. Après la construction du temple, il n'est naturellement plus question du tabernacle.

Il n'a repris vie que dans la théorie du Code sacerdotal, qui transporte au temps du désert les conceptions et les institutions postexiliques, et décrit le tabernacle à l'image du temple de Jérusalem, devenu seul sanctuaire d'Israël comme l'était la tente d'assignation à l'époque de Moïse.

--Voir Temple. L. A.

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      Exode 19

      6 and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.' These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel."

      Exode 25

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, that they take an offering for me. From everyone whose heart makes him willing you shall take my offering.
      3 This is the offering which you shall take from them: gold, silver, brass,
      4 blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, goats' hair,
      5 rams' skins dyed red, sea cow hides, acacia wood,
      6 oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and for the sweet incense,
      7 onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod and for the breastplate.
      8 Let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.
      9 According to all that I show you, the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all of its furniture, even so you shall make it.
      10 "They shall make an ark of acacia wood. Its length shall be two and a half cubits, its breadth a cubit and a half, and a cubit and a half its height.
      11 You shall overlay it with pure gold. You shall overlay it inside and outside, and you shall make a gold molding around it.
      12 You shall cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in its four feet. Two rings shall be on the one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.
      13 You shall make poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.
      14 You shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark to carry the ark.
      15 The poles shall be in the rings of the ark. They shall not be taken from it.
      16 You shall put the testimony which I shall give you into the ark.
      17 You shall make a mercy seat of pure gold. Two and a half cubits shall be its length, and a cubit and a half its breadth.
      18 You shall make two cherubim of hammered gold. You shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat.
      19 Make one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end. You shall make the cherubim on its two ends of one piece with the mercy seat.
      20 The cherubim shall spread out their wings upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another. The faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat.
      21 You shall put the mercy seat on top of the ark, and in the ark you shall put the testimony that I will give you.
      22 There I will meet with you, and I will tell you from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubim which are on the ark of the testimony, all that I command you for the children of Israel.
      23 "You shall make a table of acacia wood. Two cubits shall be its length, and a cubit its breadth, and one and a half cubits its height.
      24 You shall overlay it with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it.
      25 You shall make a rim of a handbreadth around it. You shall make a golden molding on its rim around it.
      26 You shall make four rings of gold for it, and put the rings in the four corners that are on its four feet.
      27 the rings shall be close to the rim, for places for the poles to carry the table.
      28 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold, that the table may be carried with them.
      29 You shall make its dishes, its spoons, its ladles, and its bowls to pour out offerings with. You shall make them of pure gold.
      30 You shall set bread of the presence on the table before me always.
      31 "You shall make a lampstand of pure gold. Of hammered work shall the lampstand be made, even its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it.
      32 There shall be six branches going out of its sides: three branches of the lampstand out of its one side, and three branches of the lampstand out of its other side;
      33 three cups made like almond blossoms in one branch, a bud and a flower; and three cups made like almond blossoms in the other branch, a bud and a flower, so for the six branches going out of the lampstand;
      34 and in the lampstand four cups made like almond blossoms, its buds and its flowers;
      35 and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, for the six branches going out of the lampstand.
      36 Their buds and their branches shall be of one piece with it, all of it one beaten work of pure gold.
      37 You shall make its lamps seven, and they shall light its lamps to give light to the space in front of it.
      38 Its snuffers and its snuff dishes shall be of pure gold.
      39 It shall be made of a talent of pure gold, with all these accessories.
      40 See that you make them after their pattern, which has been shown to you on the mountain.

      Exode 26

      1 "Moreover you shall make the tabernacle with ten curtains; of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, with cherubim. The work of the skillful workman you shall make them.
      2 The length of each curtain shall be twenty-eight cubits, and the breadth of each curtain four cubits: all the curtains shall have one measure.
      3 Five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and the other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.
      4 You shall make loops of blue on the edge of the one curtain from the edge in the coupling; and likewise you shall make in the edge of the curtain that is outmost in the second coupling.
      5 You shall make fifty loops in the one curtain, and you shall make fifty loops in the edge of the curtain that is in the second coupling. The loops shall be opposite one to another.
      6 You shall make fifty clasps of gold, and couple the curtains one to another with the clasps: and the tabernacle shall be a unit.
      7 "You shall make curtains of goats' hair for a covering over the tabernacle. You shall make them eleven curtains.
      8 The length of each curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of each curtain four cubits: the eleven curtains shall have one measure.
      9 You shall couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shall double over the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tent.
      10 You shall make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops on the edge of the curtain which is outmost in the second coupling.
      11 You shall make fifty clasps of brass, and put the clasps into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.
      12 The overhanging part that remains of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remains, shall hang over the back of the tabernacle.
      13 The cubit on the one side, and the cubit on the other side, of that which remains in the length of the curtains of the tent, shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it.
      14 You shall make a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.
      15 "You shall make the boards for the tabernacle of acacia wood, standing up.
      16 Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and one and a half cubits the breadth of each board.
      17 There shall be two tenons in each board, joined to one another: thus you shall make for all the boards of the tabernacle.
      18 You shall make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards for the south side southward.
      19 You shall make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons.
      20 For the second side of the tabernacle, on the north side, twenty boards,
      21 and their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.
      22 For the far part of the tabernacle westward you shall make six boards.
      23 You shall make two boards for the corners of the tabernacle in the far part.
      24 They shall be double beneath, and in the same way they shall be whole to its top to one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.
      25 There shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.
      26 "You shall make bars of acacia wood: five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,
      27 and five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the far part westward.
      28 The middle bar in the midst of the boards shall pass through from end to end.
      29 You shall overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and you shall overlay the bars with gold.
      30 You shall set up the tabernacle according to the way that it was shown to you on the mountain.
      31 "You shall make a veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cherubim. The work of the skillful workman shall it be made.
      32 You shall hang it on four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold; their hooks shall be of gold, on four sockets of silver.
      33 You shall hang up the veil under the clasps, and shall bring the ark of the testimony in there within the veil: and the veil shall separate the holy place from the most holy for you.
      34 You shall put the mercy seat on the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.
      35 You shall set the table outside the veil, and the lampstand over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and you shall put the table on the north side.
      36 "You shall make a screen for the door of the Tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the embroiderer.
      37 You shall make for the screen five pillars of acacia, and overlay them with gold: their hooks shall be of gold: and you shall cast five sockets of brass for them.

      Exode 27

      1 "You shall make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and its height shall be three cubits.
      2 You shall make its horns on its four corners; its horns shall be of one piece with it; and you shall overlay it with brass.
      3 You shall make its pots to take away its ashes, its shovels, its basins, its flesh hooks, and its fire pans: all its vessels you shall make of brass.
      4 You shall make a grating for it of network of brass: and on the net you shall make four bronze rings in its four corners.
      5 You shall put it under the ledge around the altar beneath, that the net may reach halfway up the altar.
      6 You shall make poles for the altar, poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with brass.
      7 Its poles shall be put into the rings, and the poles shall be on the two sides of the altar, when carrying it.
      8 You shall make it with hollow planks. They shall make it as it has been shown you on the mountain.
      9 "You shall make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen one hundred cubits long for one side:
      10 and its pillars shall be twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.
      11 Likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings one hundred cubits long, and its pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
      12 For the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits; their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.
      13 The breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.
      14 The hangings for the one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
      15 For the other side shall be hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
      16 For the gate of the court shall be a screen of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the embroiderer; their pillars four, and their sockets four.
      17 All the pillars of the court around shall be filleted with silver; their hooks of silver, and their sockets of brass.
      18 The length of the court shall be one hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits, of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.
      19 All the instruments of the tabernacle in all its service, and all its pins, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.
      20 "You shall command the children of Israel, that they bring to you pure olive oil beaten for the light, to cause a lamp to burn continually.
      21 In the Tent of Meeting, outside the veil which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall keep it in order from evening to morning before Yahweh: it shall be a statute forever throughout their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.

      Exode 30

      1 "You shall make an altar to burn incense on. You shall make it of acacia wood.
      2 Its length shall be a cubit, and its breadth a cubit. It shall be square, and its height shall be two cubits. Its horns shall be of one piece with it.
      3 You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top, its sides around it, and its horns; and you shall make a gold molding around it.
      4 You shall make two golden rings for it under its molding; on its two ribs, on its two sides you shall make them; and they shall be for places for poles with which to bear it.
      5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.
      6 You shall put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with you.
      7 Aaron shall burn incense of sweet spices on it every morning. When he tends the lamps, he shall burn it.
      8 When Aaron lights the lamps at evening, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before Yahweh throughout your generations.
      9 You shall offer no strange incense on it, nor burnt offering, nor meal offering; and you shall pour no drink offering on it.
      10 Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once in the year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement once in the year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to Yahweh."
      11 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      12 "When you take a census of the children of Israel, according to those who are numbered among them, then each man shall give a ransom for his soul to Yahweh, when you number them; that there be no plague among them when you number them.
      13 They shall give this, everyone who passes over to those who are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary; (the shekel is twenty gerahs;) half a shekel for an offering to Yahweh.
      14 Everyone who passes over to those who are numbered, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the offering to Yahweh.
      15 The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls.
      16 You shall take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shall appoint it for the service of the Tent of Meeting; that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls."
      17 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      18 "You shall also make a basin of brass, and its base of brass, in which to wash. You shall put it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and you shall put water in it.
      19 Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet in it.
      20 When they go into the Tent of Meeting, they shall wash with water, that they not die; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
      21 So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they not die: and it shall be a statute forever to them, even to him and to his descendants throughout their generations."
      22 Moreover Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      23 "Also take fine spices: of liquid myrrh, five hundred shekels; and of fragrant cinnamon half as much, even two hundred and fifty; and of fragrant cane, two hundred and fifty;
      24 and of cassia five hundred, after the shekel of the sanctuary; and a hin of olive oil.
      25 You shall make it a holy anointing oil, a perfume compounded after the art of the perfumer: it shall be a holy anointing oil.
      26 You shall use it to anoint the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the testimony,
      27 the table and all its articles, the lampstand and its accessories, the altar of incense,
      28 the altar of burnt offering with all its utensils, and the basin with its base.
      29 You shall sanctify them, that they may be most holy. Whatever touches them shall be holy.
      30 You shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and sanctify them, that they may minister to me in the priest's office.
      31 You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'This shall be a holy anointing oil to me throughout your generations.
      32 It shall not be poured on man's flesh, neither shall you make any like it, according to its composition: it is holy. It shall be holy to you.
      33 Whoever compounds any like it, or whoever puts any of it on a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people.'"
      34 Yahweh said to Moses, "Take to yourself sweet spices, gum resin, and onycha, and galbanum; sweet spices with pure frankincense: there shall be an equal weight of each;
      35 and you shall make incense of it, a perfume after the art of the perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy:
      36 and you shall beat some of it very small, and put some of it before the testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be to you most holy.
      37 The incense which you shall make, according to its composition you shall not make for yourselves: it shall be to you holy for Yahweh.
      38 Whoever shall make any like that, to smell of it, he shall be cut off from his people."

      Exode 31

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Behold, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah:
      3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all kinds of workmanship,
      4 to devise skillful works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass,
      5 and in cutting of stones for setting, and in carving of wood, to work in all kinds of workmanship.
      6 I, behold, I have appointed with him Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and in the heart of all who are wise-hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded you:
      7 the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the testimony, the mercy seat that is on it, all the furniture of the Tent,
      8 the table and its vessels, the pure lampstand with all its vessels, the altar of incense,
      9 the altar of burnt offering with all its vessels, the basin and its base,
      10 the finely worked garments--the holy garments for Aaron the priest--the garments of his sons to minister in the priest's office,
      11 the anointing oil, and the incense of sweet spices for the holy place: according to all that I have commanded you they shall do."

      Exode 33

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Depart, go up from here, you and the people that you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, 'I will give it to your seed.'
      2 I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:
      3 to a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of you, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you in the way."
      4 When the people heard this evil news, they mourned: and no one put on his jewelry.
      5 Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell the children of Israel, 'You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go up into your midst for one moment, I would consume you. Therefore now take off your jewelry from you, that I may know what to do to you.'"
      6 The children of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.
      7 Now Moses used to take the tent and to pitch it outside the camp, far away from the camp, and he called it "The Tent of Meeting." It happened that everyone who sought Yahweh went out to the Tent of Meeting, which was outside the camp.
      8 It happened that when Moses went out to the Tent, that all the people rose up, and stood, everyone at their tent door, and watched Moses, until he had gone into the Tent.
      9 It happened, when Moses entered into the Tent, that the pillar of cloud descended, stood at the door of the Tent, and spoke with Moses.
      10 All the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent, and all the people rose up and worshiped, everyone at their tent door.
      11 Yahweh spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. He turned again into the camp, but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, didn't depart out of the Tent.
      12 Moses said to Yahweh, "Behold, you tell me, 'Bring up this people:' and you haven't let me know whom you will send with me. Yet you have said, 'I know you by name, and you have also found favor in my sight.'
      13 Now therefore, if I have found favor in your sight, please show me now your ways, that I may know you, so that I may find favor in your sight: and consider that this nation is your people."
      14 He said, "My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest."
      15 He said to him, "If your presence doesn't go with me, don't carry us up from here.
      16 For how would people know that I have found favor in your sight, I and your people? Isn't it in that you go with us, so that we are separated, I and your people, from all the people who are on the surface of the earth?"
      17 Yahweh said to Moses, "I will do this thing also that you have spoken; for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name."
      18 He said, "Please show me your glory."
      19 He said, "I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of Yahweh before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy."
      20 He said, "You cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live."
      21 Yahweh also said, "Behold, there is a place by me, and you shall stand on the rock.
      22 It will happen, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by;
      23 then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back; but my face shall not be seen."

      Exode 35

      4 Moses spoke to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, "This is the thing which Yahweh commanded, saying,
      11 the tabernacle, its outer covering, its roof, its clasps, its boards, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets;
      18 the pins of the tabernacle, the pins of the court, and their cords;
      35 He has filled them with wisdom of heart, to work all kinds of workmanship, of the engraver, of the skillful workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of those who do any workmanship, and of those who make skillful works.

      Exode 36

      1 "Bezalel and Oholiab shall work with every wise-hearted man, in whom Yahweh has put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all the work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that Yahweh has commanded."
      2 Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab, and every wise-hearted man, in whose heart Yahweh had put wisdom, even everyone whose heart stirred him up to come to the work to do it:
      3 and they received from Moses all the offering which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, with which to make it. They brought yet to him freewill offerings every morning.
      4 All the wise men, who performed all the work of the sanctuary, each came from his work which they did.
      5 They spoke to Moses, saying, "The people bring much more than enough for the service of the work which Yahweh commanded to make."
      6 Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, "Let neither man nor woman make anything else for the offering for the sanctuary." So the people were restrained from bringing.
      7 For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much.
      8 All the wise-hearted men among those who did the work made the tabernacle with ten curtains; of fine twined linen, blue, purple, and scarlet, with cherubim, the work of the skillful workman, they made them.
      9 The length of each curtain was twenty-eight cubits, and the breadth of each curtain four cubits. All the curtains had one measure.
      10 He coupled five curtains to one another, and the other five curtains he coupled one to another.
      11 He made loops of blue on the edge of the one curtain from the edge in the coupling. Likewise he made in the edge of the curtain that was outmost in the second coupling.
      12 He made fifty loops in the one curtain, and he made fifty loops in the edge of the curtain that was in the second coupling. The loops were opposite one to another.
      13 He made fifty clasps of gold, and coupled the curtains one to another with the clasps: so the tabernacle was a unit.
      14 He made curtains of goats' hair for a covering over the tabernacle. He made them eleven curtains.
      15 The length of each curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits the breadth of each curtain. The eleven curtains had one measure.
      16 He coupled five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves.
      17 He made fifty loops on the edge of the curtain that was outmost in the coupling, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the curtain which was outmost in the second coupling.
      18 He made fifty clasps of brass to couple the tent together, that it might be a unit.
      19 He made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.
      20 He made the boards for the tabernacle of acacia wood, standing up.
      21 Ten cubits was the length of a board, and a cubit and a half the breadth of each board.
      22 Each board had two tenons, joined one to another. He made all the boards of the tabernacle this way.
      23 He made the boards for the tabernacle: twenty boards for the south side southward.
      24 He made forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons.
      25 For the second side of the tabernacle, on the north side, he made twenty boards,
      26 and their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.
      27 For the far part of the tabernacle westward he made six boards.
      28 He made two boards for the corners of the tabernacle in the far part.
      29 They were double beneath, and in the same way they were all the way to its top to one ring. He did this to both of them in the two corners.
      30 There were eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; under every board two sockets.
      31 He made bars of acacia wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,
      32 and five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the tabernacle for the hinder part westward.
      33 He made the middle bar to pass through in the midst of the boards from the one end to the other.
      34 He overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of gold for places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold.
      35 He made the veil of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubim. He made it the work of a skillful workman.
      36 He made four pillars of acacia for it, and overlaid them with gold. Their hooks were of gold. He cast four sockets of silver for them.
      37 He made a screen for the door of the tent, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer;
      38 and the five pillars of it with their hooks. He overlaid their capitals and their fillets with gold, and their five sockets were of brass.

      Exode 37

      1 Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood. Its length was two and a half cubits, and its breadth a cubit and a half, and a cubit and a half its height.
      2 He overlaid it with pure gold inside and outside, and made a molding of gold for it around it.
      3 He cast four rings of gold for it, in its four feet; even two rings on its one side, and two rings on its other side.
      4 He made poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.
      5 He put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to bear the ark.
      6 He made a mercy seat of pure gold. Its length was two and a half cubits, and a cubit and a half its breadth.
      7 He made two cherubim of gold. He made them of beaten work, at the two ends of the mercy seat;
      8 one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end. He made the cherubim of one piece with the mercy seat at its two ends.
      9 The cherubim spread out their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another. The faces of the cherubim were toward the mercy seat.
      10 He made the table of acacia wood. Its length was two cubits, and its breadth was a cubit, and its height was a cubit and a half.
      11 He overlaid it with pure gold, and made a gold molding around it.
      12 He made a border of a handbreadth around it, and made a golden molding on its border around it.
      13 He cast four rings of gold for it, and put the rings in the four corners that were on its four feet.
      14 The rings were close by the border, the places for the poles to carry the table.
      15 He made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold, to carry the table.
      16 He made the vessels which were on the table, its dishes, its spoons, its bowls, and its pitchers with which to pour out, of pure gold.
      17 He made the lampstand of pure gold. He made the lampstand of beaten work. Its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers were of one piece with it.
      18 There were six branches going out of its sides: three branches of the lampstand out of its one side, and three branches of the lampstand out of its other side:
      19 three cups made like almond blossoms in one branch, a bud and a flower, and three cups made like almond blossoms in the other branch, a bud and a flower: so for the six branches going out of the lampstand.
      20 In the lampstand were four cups made like almond blossoms, its buds and its flowers;
      21 and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, for the six branches going out of it.
      22 Their buds and their branches were of one piece with it. The whole thing was one beaten work of pure gold.
      23 He made its seven lamps, and its snuffers, and its snuff dishes, of pure gold.
      24 He made it of a talent of pure gold, with all its vessels.
      25 He made the altar of incense of acacia wood. It was square: its length was a cubit, and its breadth a cubit. Its height was two cubits. Its horns were of one piece with it.
      26 He overlaid it with pure gold, its top, its sides around it, and its horns. He made a gold molding around it.
      27 He made two golden rings for it under its molding crown, on its two ribs, on its two sides, for places for poles with which to carry it.
      28 He made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.
      29 He made the holy anointing oil and the pure incense of sweet spices, after the art of the perfumer.

      Exode 38

      1 He made the altar of burnt offering of acacia wood. It was square. Its length was five cubits, its breadth was five cubits, and its height was three cubits.
      2 He made its horns on its four corners. Its horns were of one piece with it, and he overlaid it with brass.
      3 He made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, the shovels, the basins, the forks, and the fire pans. He made all its vessels of brass.
      4 He made for the altar a grating of a network of brass, under the ledge around it beneath, reaching halfway up.
      5 He cast four rings for the four ends of brass grating, to be places for the poles.
      6 He made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with brass.
      7 He put the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar, with which to carry it. He made it hollow with planks.
      8 He made the basin of brass, and its base of brass, out of the mirrors of the ministering women who ministered at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      9 He made the court: for the south side southward the hangings of the court were of fine twined linen, one hundred cubits;
      10 their pillars were twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver.
      11 For the north side one hundred cubits, their pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
      12 For the west side were hangings of fifty cubits, their pillars ten, and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
      13 For the east side eastward fifty cubits.
      14 The hangings for the one side were fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three;
      15 and so for the other side: on this hand and that hand by the gate of the court were hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
      16 All the hangings around the court were of fine twined linen.
      17 The sockets for the pillars were of brass. The hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver; and the overlaying of their capitals, of silver; and all the pillars of the court were filleted with silver.
      18 The screen for the gate of the court was the work of the embroiderer, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen. Twenty cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, like to the hangings of the court.
      19 Their pillars were four, and their sockets four, of brass; their hooks of silver, and the overlaying of their capitals, and their fillets, of silver.
      20 All the pins of the tabernacle, and around the court, were of brass.
      21 This is the amount of material used for the tabernacle, even the Tabernacle of the Testimony, as they were counted, according to the commandment of Moses, for the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest.
      22 Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made all that Yahweh commanded Moses.
      23 With him was Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a skillful workman, and an embroiderer in blue, in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen.
      24 All the gold that was used for the work in all the work of the sanctuary, even the gold of the offering, was twenty-nine talents, and seven hundred thirty shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary.
      25 The silver of those who were numbered of the congregation was one hundred talents, and one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:
      26 a beka a head, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for everyone who passed over to those who were numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty men.
      27 The one hundred talents of silver were for casting the sockets of the sanctuary, and the sockets of the veil; one hundred sockets for the one hundred talents, a talent for a socket.
      28 Of the one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels he made hooks for the pillars, overlaid their capitals, and made fillets for them.
      29 The brass of the offering was seventy talents, and two thousand four hundred shekels.
      30 With this he made the sockets to the door of the Tent of Meeting, the bronze altar, the bronze grating for it, all the vessels of the altar,
      31 the sockets around the court, the sockets of the gate of the court, all the pins of the tabernacle, and all the pins around the court.

      Exode 40

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "On the first day of the first month you shall raise up the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting.
      3 You shall put the ark of the testimony in it, and you shall screen the ark with the veil.
      4 You shall bring in the table, and set in order the things that are on it. You shall bring in the lampstand, and light its lamps.
      5 You shall set the golden altar for incense before the ark of the testimony, and put the screen of the door to the tabernacle.
      6 "You shall set the altar of burnt offering before the door of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting.
      7 You shall set the basin between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and shall put water therein.
      8 You shall set up the court around it, and hang up the screen of the gate of the court.
      9 "You shall take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is in it, and shall make it holy, and all its furniture: and it will be holy.
      10 You shall anoint the altar of burnt offering, with all its vessels, and sanctify the altar: and the altar will be most holy.
      11 You shall anoint the basin and its base, and sanctify it.
      12 "You shall bring Aaron and his sons to the door of the Tent of Meeting, and shall wash them with water.
      13 You shall put on Aaron the holy garments; and you shall anoint him, and sanctify him, that he may minister to me in the priest's office.
      14 You shall bring his sons, and put coats on them.
      15 You shall anoint them, as you anointed their father, that they may minister to me in the priest's office. Their anointing shall be to them for an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations."
      16 Moses did so. According to all that Yahweh commanded him, so he did.
      17 It happened in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was raised up.
      18 Moses raised up the tabernacle, and laid its sockets, and set up its boards, and put in its bars, and raised up its pillars.
      19 He spread the covering over the tent, and put the roof of the tabernacle above on it, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      20 He took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the poles on the ark, and put the mercy seat above on the ark.
      21 He brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the veil of the screen, and screened the ark of the testimony, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      22 He put the table in the Tent of Meeting, on the side of the tabernacle northward, outside of the veil.
      23 He set the bread in order on it before Yahweh, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      24 He put the lampstand in the Tent of Meeting, opposite the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward.
      25 He lit the lamps before Yahweh, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      26 He put the golden altar in the Tent of Meeting before the veil;
      27 and he burnt incense of sweet spices on it, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      28 He put up the screen of the door to the tabernacle.
      29 He set the altar of burnt offering at the door of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting, and offered on it the burnt offering and the meal offering, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      30 He set the basin between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water therein, with which to wash.
      31 Moses, Aaron, and his sons washed their hands and their feet there.
      32 When they went into the Tent of Meeting, and when they came near to the altar, they washed, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      33 He raised up the court around the tabernacle and the altar, and set up the screen of the gate of the court. So Moses finished the work.
      34 Then the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of Yahweh filled the tabernacle.
      35 Moses wasn't able to enter into the Tent of Meeting, because the cloud stayed on it, and Yahweh's glory filled the tabernacle.
      36 When the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward, throughout all their journeys;
      37 but if the cloud wasn't taken up, then they didn't travel until the day that it was taken up.
      38 For the cloud of Yahweh was on the tabernacle by day, and there was fire in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.

      Lévitique 1

      1 Yahweh called to Moses, and spoke to him out of the Tent of Meeting, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, 'When anyone of you offers an offering to Yahweh, you shall offer your offering of the livestock, from the herd and from the flock.
      3 "'If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer a male without blemish. He shall offer it at the door of the Tent of Meeting, that he may be accepted before Yahweh.
      4 He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him.
      5 He shall kill the bull before Yahweh. Aaron's sons, the priests, shall present the blood and sprinkle the blood around on the altar that is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      6 He shall flay the burnt offering, and cut it into pieces.
      7 The sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, and lay wood in order on the fire;
      8 and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall lay the pieces, the head, and the fat in order on the wood that is on the fire which is on the altar;
      9 but its innards and its legs he shall wash with water. The priest shall burn the whole on the altar, for a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.
      10 "'If his offering is from the flock, from the sheep, or from the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer a male without blemish.
      11 He shall kill it on the north side of the altar before Yahweh. Aaron's sons, the priests, shall sprinkle its blood around on the altar.
      12 He shall cut it into its pieces, with its head and its fat. The priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire which is on the altar,
      13 but the innards and the legs he shall wash with water. The priest shall offer the whole, and burn it on the altar. It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.
      14 "'If his offering to Yahweh is a burnt offering of birds, then he shall offer his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons.
      15 The priest shall bring it to the altar, and wring off its head, and burn it on the altar; and its blood shall be drained out on the side of the altar;
      16 and he shall take away its crop with its filth, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes.
      17 He shall tear it by its wings, but shall not divide it apart. The priest shall burn it on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire. It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.

      Lévitique 17

      4 and hasn't brought it to the door of the Tent of Meeting, to offer it as an offering to Yahweh before the tabernacle of Yahweh: blood shall be imputed to that man. He has shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people.

      Lévitique 24

      7 You shall put pure frankincense on each row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire to Yahweh.

      Nombres 2

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
      2 "The children of Israel shall encamp every man by his own standard, with the banners of their fathers' houses: at a distance from the Tent of Meeting shall they encamp around it."
      3 Those who encamp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their divisions: and the prince of the children of Judah shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
      4 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were seventy-four thousand six hundred.
      5 Those who encamp next to him shall be the tribe of Issachar: and the prince of the children of Issachar shall be Nethanel the son of Zuar.
      6 His division, and those who were numbered of it, were fifty-four thousand four hundred.
      7 The tribe of Zebulun: and the prince of the children of Zebulun shall be Eliab the son of Helon.
      8 His division, and those who were numbered of it, were fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
      9 All who were numbered of the camp of Judah were one hundred eighty-six thousand four hundred, according to their divisions. They shall set out first.
      10 "On the south side shall be the standard of the camp of Reuben according to their divisions. The prince of the children of Reuben shall be Elizur the son of Shedeur.
      11 His division, and those who were numbered of it, were forty-six thousand five hundred.
      12 "Those who encamp next to him shall be the tribe of Simeon. The prince of the children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
      13 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
      14 "The tribe of Gad: and the prince of the children of Gad shall be Eliasaph the son of Reuel.
      15 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were forty-five thousand six hundred fifty.
      16 "All who were numbered of the camp of Reuben were one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred fifty, according to their armies. They shall set out second.
      17 "Then the Tent of Meeting shall set out, with the camp of the Levites in the midst of the camps. As they encamp, so shall they set out, every man in his place, by their standards.
      18 "On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim according to their divisions: and the prince of the children of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Ammihud.
      19 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were forty thousand five hundred.
      20 "Next to him shall be the tribe of Manasseh: and the prince of the children of Manasseh shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
      21 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were thirty-two thousand two hundred.
      22 "The tribe of Benjamin: and the prince of the children of Benjamin shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni.
      23 His army, and those who were numbered of them, were thirty-five thousand four hundred.
      24 "All who were numbered of the camp of Ephraim were one hundred eight thousand one hundred, according to their divisions. They shall set out third.
      25 "On the north side shall be the standard of the camp of Dan according to their divisions: and the prince of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
      26 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
      27 "Those who encamp next to him shall be the tribe of Asher: and the prince of the children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of Ochran.
      28 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were forty-one thousand and five hundred.
      29 "The tribe of Naphtali: and the prince of the children of Naphtali shall be Ahira the son of Enan.
      30 His division, and those who were numbered of them, were fifty-three thousand four hundred.
      31 "All who were numbered of the camp of Dan were one hundred fifty-seven thousand six hundred. They shall set out last by their standards."
      32 These are those who were numbered of the children of Israel by their fathers' houses. All who were numbered of the camps according to their armies were six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty.
      33 But the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      34 Thus the children of Israel did. According to all that Yahweh commanded Moses, so they encamped by their standards, and so they set out, everyone by their families, according to their fathers' houses.

      Nombres 3

      1 Now this is the history of the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that Yahweh spoke with Moses in Mount Sinai.
      2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
      3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests who were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office.
      4 Nadab and Abihu died before Yahweh, when they offered strange fire before Yahweh, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children. Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the presence of Aaron their father.
      5 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      6 "Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister to him.
      7 They shall keep his requirements, and the requirements of the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
      8 They shall keep all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting, and the obligations of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
      9 You shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons. They are wholly given to him on the behalf of the children of Israel.
      10 You shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death."
      11 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      12 "Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn who open the womb among the children of Israel; and the Levites shall be mine:
      13 for all the firstborn are mine. On the day that I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I made holy to me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and animal. They shall be mine. I am Yahweh."
      14 Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
      15 "Count the children of Levi by their fathers' houses, by their families. You shall count every male from a month old and upward."
      16 Moses numbered them according to the word of Yahweh, as he was commanded.
      17 These were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari.
      18 These are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei.
      19 The sons of Kohath by their families: Amram, and Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
      20 The sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their fathers' houses.
      21 Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimeites: these are the families of the Gershonites.
      22 Those who were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those who were numbered of them were seven thousand five hundred.
      23 The families of the Gershonites shall encamp behind the tabernacle westward.
      24 The prince of the fathers' house of the Gershonites shall be Eliasaph the son of Lael.
      25 The duty of the sons of Gershon in the Tent of Meeting shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, its covering, and the screen for the door of the Tent of Meeting,
      26 and the hangings of the court, and the screen for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and around the altar, and its cords for all of its service.
      27 Of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites.
      28 According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were eight thousand six hundred, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary.
      29 The families of the sons of Kohath shall encamp on the south side of the tabernacle.
      30 The prince of the fathers' house of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
      31 Their duty shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen, and all its service.
      32 Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the requirements of the sanctuary.
      33 Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites. These are the families of Merari.
      34 Those who were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand two hundred.
      35 The prince of the fathers' house of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They shall encamp on the north side of the tabernacle.
      36 The appointed duty of the sons of Merari shall be the tabernacle's boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets, all its instruments, all its service,
      37 the pillars of the court around it, their sockets, their pins, and their cords.
      38 Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary for the duty of the children of Israel. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.
      39 All who were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of Yahweh, by their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand.
      40 Yahweh said to Moses, "Number all the firstborn males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.
      41 You shall take the Levites for me (I am Yahweh) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the livestock of the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the livestock of the children of Israel."
      42 Moses numbered, as Yahweh commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel.
      43 All the firstborn males according to the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those who were numbered of them, were twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.
      44 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      45 "Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites instead of their livestock; and the Levites shall be mine. I am Yahweh.
      46 For the redemption of the two hundred seventy-three of the firstborn of the children of Israel, who exceed the number of the Levites,
      47 you shall take five shekels apiece for each one; after the shekel of the sanctuary you shall take them (the shekel is twenty gerahs):
      48 and you shall give the money, with which their remainder is redeemed, to Aaron and to his sons."
      49 Moses took the redemption money from those who exceeded the number of those who were redeemed by the Levites;
      50 from the firstborn of the children of Israel he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:
      51 and Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of Yahweh, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

      Nombres 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
      2 "Take a census of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, by their families, by their fathers' houses,
      3 from thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all who enter into the service, to do the work in the Tent of Meeting.
      4 "This is the service of the sons of Kohath in the Tent of Meeting, the most holy things.
      5 When the camp moves forward, Aaron shall go in, and his sons, and they shall take down the veil of the screen, and cover the ark of the Testimony with it,
      6 and shall put a covering of sealskin on it, and shall spread over it a cloth all of blue, and shall put in its poles.
      7 "On the table of show bread they shall spread a blue cloth, and put on it the dishes, the spoons, the bowls, and the cups with which to pour out; and the continual bread shall be on it.
      8 They shall spread on them a scarlet cloth, and cover the same with a covering of sealskin, and shall put in its poles.
      9 "They shall take a blue cloth, and cover the lampstand of the light, and its lamps, and its snuffers, and its snuff dishes, and all its oil vessels, with which they minister to it.
      10 They shall put it and all its vessels within a covering of sealskin, and shall put it on the frame.
      11 "On the golden altar they shall spread a blue cloth, and cover it with a covering of sealskin, and shall put in its poles.
      12 "They shall take all the vessels of ministry, with which they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a blue cloth, and cover them with a covering of sealskin, and shall put them on the frame.
      13 "They shall take away the ashes from the altar, and spread a purple cloth on it.
      14 They shall put on it all its vessels, with which they minister about it, the fire pans, the flesh hooks, the shovels, and the basins; all the vessels of the altar; and they shall spread on it a covering of sealskin, and put in its poles.
      15 "When Aaron and his sons have finished covering the sanctuary, and all the furniture of the sanctuary, as the camp moves forward; after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to carry it: but they shall not touch the sanctuary, lest they die. These things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the Tent of Meeting.
      16 "The duty of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be the oil for the light, the sweet incense, the continual meal offering, and the anointing oil, the requirements of all the tabernacle, and of all that is in it, the sanctuary, and its furnishings."
      17 Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
      18 "Don't cut off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites;
      19 but thus do to them, that they may live, and not die, when they approach to the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall go in, and appoint them everyone to his service and to his burden;
      20 but they shall not go in to see the sanctuary even for a moment, lest they die."
      21 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      22 "Take a census of the sons of Gershon also, by their fathers' houses, by their families;
      23 you shall count them from thirty years old and upward until fifty years old; all who enter in to wait on the service, to do the work in the Tent of Meeting.
      24 "This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, in serving and in bearing burdens:
      25 they shall carry the curtains of the tabernacle, and the Tent of Meeting, its covering, and the covering of sealskin that is above on it, and the screen for the door of the Tent of Meeting,
      26 and the hangings of the court, and the screen for the door of the gate of the court, which is by the tabernacle and around the altar, and their cords, and all the instruments of their service, and whatever shall be done with them. Therein shall they serve.
      27 At the commandment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burden, and in all their service; and you shall appoint their duty to them in all their responsibilities.
      28 This is the service of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the Tent of Meeting: and their duty shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
      29 "As for the sons of Merari, you shall number them by their families, by their fathers' houses;
      30 you shall count them from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who enters on the service, to do the work of the Tent of Meeting.
      31 This is the duty of their burden, according to all their service in the Tent of Meeting: the tabernacle's boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets,
      32 and the pillars of the court around it, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords, with all their instruments, and with all their service: and by name you shall appoint the instruments of the duty of their burden.
      33 This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their service, in the Tent of Meeting, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest."
      34 Moses and Aaron and the princes of the congregation numbered the sons of the Kohathites by their families, and by their fathers' houses,
      35 from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting.
      36 Those who were numbered of them by their families were two thousand seven hundred fifty.
      37 These are those who were numbered of the families of the Kohathites, all who served in the Tent of Meeting, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.
      38 Those who were numbered of the sons of Gershon, their families, and by their fathers' houses,
      39 from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting,
      40 even those who were numbered of them, by their families, by their fathers' houses, were two thousand six hundred thirty.
      41 These are those who were numbered of the families of the sons of Gershon, all who served in the Tent of Meeting, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of Yahweh.
      42 Those who were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, by their families, by their fathers' houses,
      43 from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting,
      44 even those who were numbered of them by their families, were three thousand two hundred.
      45 These are those who were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.
      46 All those who were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of Israel numbered, by their families, and by their fathers' houses,
      47 from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered in to do the work of service, and the work of bearing burdens in the Tent of Meeting,
      48 even those who were numbered of them, were eight thousand five hundred eighty.
      49 According to the commandment of Yahweh they were numbered by Moses, everyone according to his service, and according to his burden. Thus were they numbered by him, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

      Nombres 7

      1 It happened on the day that Moses had finished setting up the tabernacle, and had anointed it and sanctified it, with all its furniture, and the altar with all its vessels, and had anointed and sanctified them;

      Nombres 12

      4 Yahweh spoke suddenly to Moses, to Aaron, and to Miriam, "You three come out to the Tent of Meeting!" The three of them came out.
      10 The cloud departed from over the Tent; and behold, Miriam was leprous, as white as snow. Aaron looked at Miriam, and behold, she was leprous.

      Nombres 16

      9 Is it a small thing to you, that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself, to do the service of the tabernacle of Yahweh, and to stand before the congregation to minister to them;

      2 Samuel 6

      1 David again gathered together all the chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand.
      2 David arose, and went with all the people who were with him, from Baale Judah, to bring up from there the ark of God, which is called by the Name, even the name of Yahweh of Armies who sits above the cherubim.
      3 They set the ark of God on a new cart, and brought it out of the house of Abinadab that was in the hill: and Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, drove the new cart.
      4 They brought it out of the house of Abinadab, which was in the hill, with the ark of God: and Ahio went before the ark.
      5 David and all the house of Israel played before Yahweh with all kinds of instruments made of fir wood, and with harps, and with stringed instruments, and with tambourines, and with castanets, and with cymbals.
      6 When they came to the threshing floor of Nacon, Uzzah reached for the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the cattle stumbled.
      7 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Uzzah; and God struck him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of God.
      8 David was displeased, because Yahweh had broken forth on Uzzah; and he called that place Perez Uzzah, to this day.
      9 David was afraid of Yahweh that day; and he said, "How shall the ark of Yahweh come to me?"
      10 So David would not move the ark of Yahweh to be with him in the city of David; but David carried it aside into the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite.
      11 The ark of Yahweh remained in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite three months: and Yahweh blessed Obed-Edom, and all his house.
      12 It was told king David, saying, "Yahweh has blessed the house of Obed-Edom, and all that pertains to him, because of the ark of God." David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obed-Edom into the city of David with joy.
      13 It was so, that, when those who bore the ark of Yahweh had gone six paces, he sacrificed an ox and a fattened calf.
      14 David danced before Yahweh with all his might; and David was clothed in a linen ephod.
      15 So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of Yahweh with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet.
      16 It was so, as the ark of Yahweh came into the city of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul looked out at the window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before Yahweh; and she despised him in her heart.
      17 They brought in the ark of Yahweh, and set it in its place, in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it; and David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before Yahweh.
      18 When David had made an end of offering the burnt offering and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of Armies.
      19 He gave to all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, both to men and women, to everyone a portion of bread, dates, and raisins. So all the people departed everyone to his house.
      20 Then David returned to bless his household. Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, "How glorious the king of Israel was today, who uncovered himself today in the eyes of the handmaids of his servants, as one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovers himself!"
      21 David said to Michal, "It was before Yahweh, who chose me above your father, and above all his house, to appoint me prince over the people of Yahweh, over Israel. Therefore will I celebrate before Yahweh.
      22 I will be yet more vile than this, and will be base in my own sight. But of the handmaids of whom you have spoken, they shall honor me."
      23 Michal the daughter of Saul had no child to the day of her death.

      2 Samuel 7

      6 For I have not lived in a house since the day that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have moved around in a tent and in a tabernacle.

      1 Chroniques 16

      39 and Zadok the priest, and his brothers the priests, before the tabernacle of Yahweh in the high place that was at Gibeon,

      2 Chroniques 1

      5 Moreover the bronze altar, that Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, had made, was there before the tabernacle of Yahweh: and Solomon and the assembly were seeking counsel there.
      6 Solomon went up there to the bronze altar before Yahweh, which was at the Tent of Meeting, and offered one thousand burnt offerings on it.
      7 In that night God appeared to Solomon, and said to him, "Ask what I shall give you."
      8 Solomon said to God, "You have shown great loving kindness to David my father, and have made me king in his place.
      9 Now, Yahweh God, let your promise to David my father be established; for you have made me king over a people like the dust of the earth in multitude.

      Esaïe 1

      18 "Come now, and let us reason together," says Yahweh: "Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

      Lamentations 1

      1 How the city sits solitary, that was full of people! She has become as a widow, who was great among the nations! She who was a princess among the provinces has become tributary!
      2 She weeps bitterly in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; among all her lovers she has none to comfort her: All her friends have dealt treacherously with her; they are become her enemies.
      3 Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwells among the nations, she finds no rest: all her persecutors overtook her within the straits.
      4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn assembly; all her gates are desolate, her priests do sigh: her virgins are afflicted, and she herself is in bitterness.
      5 Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; for Yahweh has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.
      6 From the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, they are gone without strength before the pursuer.
      7 Jerusalem remembers in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that were from the days of old: when her people fell into the hand of the adversary, and no one helped her, The adversaries saw her, they mocked at her desolations.
      8 Jerusalem has grievously sinned; therefore she has become as an unclean thing; all who honored her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yes, she sighs, and turns backward.
      9 Her filthiness was in her skirts; she didn't remember her latter end; therefore is she come down wonderfully; she has no comforter: see, Yahweh, my affliction; for the enemy has magnified himself.
      10 The adversary has spread out his hand on all her pleasant things: for she has seen that the nations are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom you commanded that they should not enter into your assembly.
      11 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for food to refresh the soul: look, Yahweh, and see; for I am become abject.
      12 Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there is any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.
      13 From on high has he sent fire into my bones, and it prevails against them; He has spread a net for my feet, he has turned me back: He has made me desolate and faint all the day.
      14 The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand; They are knit together, they have come up on my neck; he has made my strength to fail: The Lord has delivered me into their hands, against whom I am not able to stand.
      15 The Lord has set at nothing all my mighty men in the midst of me; He has called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men: The Lord has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.
      16 For these things I weep; my eye, my eye runs down with water; Because the comforter who should refresh my soul is far from me: My children are desolate, because the enemy has prevailed.
      17 Zion spreads forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Yahweh has commanded concerning Jacob, that those who are around him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.
      18 Yahweh is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: Please hear all you peoples, and see my sorrow: My virgins and my young men are gone into captivity.
      19 I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: My priests and my elders gave up the spirit in the city, While they sought them food to refresh their souls.
      20 See, Yahweh; for I am in distress; my heart is troubled; My heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: Abroad the sword bereaves, at home there is as death.
      21 They have heard that I sigh; there is none to comfort me; All my enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that you have done it: You will bring the day that you have proclaimed, and they shall be like me.
      22 Let all their wickedness come before you; Do to them, as you have done to me for all my transgressions: For my sighs are many, and my heart is faint.

      Lamentations 2

      1 How has the Lord covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger! He has cast down from heaven to the earth the beauty of Israel, And hasn't remembered his footstool in the day of his anger.
      2 The Lord has swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and has not pitied: He has thrown down in his wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah; He has brought them down to the ground; he has profaned the kingdom and its princes.
      3 He has cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He has drawn back his right hand from before the enemy: He has burned up Jacob like a flaming fire, which devours all around.
      4 He has bent his bow like an enemy, he has stood with his right hand as an adversary, Has killed all that were pleasant to the eye: In the tent of the daughter of Zion he has poured out his wrath like fire.
      5 The Lord has become as an enemy, he has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all her palaces, he has destroyed his strongholds; He has multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.
      6 He has violently taken away his tabernacle, as if it were of a garden; he has destroyed his place of assembly: Yahweh has caused solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion, Has despised in the indignation of his anger the king and the priest.
      7 The Lord has cast off his altar, he has abhorred his sanctuary; He has given up into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces: They have made a noise in the house of Yahweh, as in the day of a solemn assembly.
      8 Yahweh has purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; He has stretched out the line, he has not withdrawn his hand from destroying; He has made the rampart and wall to lament; they languish together.
      9 Her gates are sunk into the ground; he has destroyed and broken her bars: Her king and her princes are among the nations where the law is not; Yes, her prophets find no vision from Yahweh.
      10 The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, they keep silence; They have cast up dust on their heads; they have clothed themselves with sackcloth: The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.
      11 My eyes do fail with tears, my heart is troubled; My liver is poured on the earth, because of the destruction of the daughter of my people, Because the young children and the infants swoon in the streets of the city.
      12 They tell their mothers, Where is grain and wine? When they swoon as the wounded in the streets of the city, When their soul is poured out into their mothers' bosom.
      13 What shall I testify to you? what shall I liken to you, daughter of Jerusalem? What shall I compare to you, that I may comfort you, virgin daughter of Zion? For your breach is great like the sea: who can heal you?
      14 Your prophets have seen for you false and foolish visions; They have not uncovered your iniquity, to bring back your captivity, but have seen for you false oracles and causes of banishment.
      15 All that pass by clap their hands at you. They hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, Is this the city that men called The perfection of beauty, The joy of the whole earth?
      16 All your enemies have opened their mouth wide against you; They hiss and gnash the teeth; they say, We have swallowed her up; Certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it.
      17 Yahweh has done that which he purposed; he has fulfilled his word that he commanded in the days of old; He has thrown down, and has not pitied: He has caused the enemy to rejoice over you; he has exalted the horn of your adversaries.
      18 Their heart cried to the Lord: wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; Give yourself no respite; don't let the apple of your eye cease.
      19 Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord: Lift up your hands toward him for the life of your young children, that faint for hunger at the head of every street.
      20 Look, Yahweh, and see to whom you have done thus! Shall the women eat their fruit, the children that are dandled in the hands? Shall the priest and the prophet be killed in the sanctuary of the Lord?
      21 The youth and the old man lie on the ground in the streets; My virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword: You have killed them in the day of your anger; you have slaughtered, and not pitied.
      22 You have called, as in the day of a solemn assembly, my terrors on every side; There was none that escaped or remained in the day of Yahweh's anger: Those that I have dandled and brought up has my enemy consumed.

      Lamentations 3

      1 I am the man that has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath.
      2 He has led me and caused me to walk in darkness, and not in light.
      3 Surely against me he turns his hand again and again all the day.
      4 My flesh and my skin has he made old; he has broken my bones.
      5 He has built against me, and surrounded me with gall and travail.
      6 He has made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been long dead.
      7 He has walled me about, that I can't go forth; he has made my chain heavy.
      8 Yes, when I cry, and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.
      9 He has walled up my ways with cut stone; he has made my paths crooked.
      10 He is to me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in secret places.
      11 He has turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he has made me desolate.
      12 He has bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow.
      13 He has caused the shafts of his quiver to enter into my kidneys.
      14 I am become a derision to all my people, and their song all the day.
      15 He has filled me with bitterness, he has sated me with wormwood.
      16 He has also broken my teeth with gravel stones; he has covered me with ashes.
      17 You have removed my soul far off from peace; I forgot prosperity.
      18 I said, My strength is perished, and my expectation from Yahweh.
      19 Remember my affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall.
      20 My soul still remembers them, and is bowed down within me.
      21 This I recall to my mind; therefore have I hope.
      22 It is because of Yahweh's loving kindnesses that we are not consumed, because his compassion doesn't fail.
      23 They are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.
      24 Yahweh is my portion, says my soul; therefore will I hope in him.
      25 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him, to the soul that seeks him.
      26 It is good that a man should hope and quietly wait for the salvation of Yahweh.
      27 It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth.
      28 Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.
      29 Let him put his mouth in the dust, if so be there may be hope.
      30 Let him give his cheek to him who strikes him; let him be filled full with reproach.
      31 For the Lord will not cast off forever.
      32 For though he cause grief, yet he will have compassion according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.
      33 For he does not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.
      34 To crush under foot all the prisoners of the earth,
      35 To turn aside the right of a man before the face of the Most High,
      36 To subvert a man in his cause, the Lord doesn't approve.
      37 Who is he who says, and it comes to pass, when the Lord doesn't command it?
      38 Doesn't evil and good come out of the mouth of the Most High?
      39 Why does a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins?
      40 Let us search and try our ways, and turn again to Yahweh.
      41 Let us lift up our heart with our hands to God in the heavens.
      42 We have transgressed and have rebelled; you have not pardoned.
      43 You have covered with anger and pursued us; you have killed, you have not pitied.
      44 You have covered yourself with a cloud, so that no prayer can pass through.
      45 You have made us an off-scouring and refuse in the midst of the peoples.
      46 All our enemies have opened their mouth wide against us.
      47 Fear and the pit have come on us, devastation and destruction.
      48 My eye runs down with streams of water, for the destruction of the daughter of my people.
      49 My eye pours down, and doesn't cease, without any intermission,
      50 Until Yahweh look down, and see from heaven.
      51 My eye affects my soul, because of all the daughters of my city.
      52 They have chased me relentlessly like a bird, those who are my enemies without cause.
      53 They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and have cast a stone on me.
      54 Waters flowed over my head; I said, I am cut off.
      55 I called on your name, Yahweh, out of the lowest dungeon.
      56 You heard my voice; don't hide your ear at my breathing, at my cry.
      57 You drew near in the day that I called on you; you said, Don't be afraid.
      58 Lord, you have pleaded the causes of my soul; you have redeemed my life.
      59 Yahweh, you have seen my wrong. Judge my cause.
      60 You have seen all their vengeance and all their devices against me.
      61 You have heard their reproach, Yahweh, and all their devices against me,
      62 The lips of those that rose up against me, and their device against me all the day.
      63 You see their sitting down, and their rising up; I am their song.
      64 You will render to them a recompense, Yahweh, according to the work of their hands.
      65 You will give them hardness of heart, your curse to them.
      66 You will pursue them in anger, and destroy them from under the heavens of Yahweh.

      Zacharie 4

      1 The angel who talked with me came again, and wakened me, as a man who is wakened out of his sleep.
      2 He said to me, "What do you see?" I said, "I have seen, and behold, a lampstand all of gold, with its bowl on the top of it, and its seven lamps thereon; there are seven pipes to each of the lamps, which are on the top of it;
      3 and two olive trees by it, one on the right side of the bowl, and the other on the left side of it."
      4 I answered and spoke to the angel who talked with me, saying, "What are these, my lord?"
      5 Then the angel who talked with me answered me, "Don't you know what these are?" I said, "No, my lord."
      6 Then he answered and spoke to me, saying, "This is the word of Yahweh to Zerubbabel, saying, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit,' says Yahweh of Armies.
      7 Who are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you are a plain; and he will bring out the capstone with shouts of 'Grace, grace, to it!'"
      8 Moreover the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      9 "The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house. His hands shall also finish it; and you will know that Yahweh of Armies has sent me to you.
      10 Indeed, who despises the day of small things? For these seven shall rejoice, and shall see the plumb line in the hand of Zerubbabel. These are the eyes of Yahweh, which run back and forth through the whole earth."
      11 Then I asked him, "What are these two olive trees on the right side of the lampstand and on the left side of it?"
      12 I asked him the second time, "What are these two olive branches, which are beside the two golden spouts, that pour the golden oil out of themselves?"
      13 He answered me, "Don't you know what these are?" I said, "No, my lord."
      14 Then he said, "These are the two anointed ones who stand by the Lord of the whole earth."

      Hébreux 9

      1 Now indeed even the first covenant had ordinances of divine service, and an earthly sanctuary.
      14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
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