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AÏ

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(=la ruine).

1. Ville cananéenne difficile à identifier. On a proposé : Tourmous-Ayâ (mais impossible à cause de la situation), Deir-Dîouân (site trop peu ancien). Il faut choisir entre Khirbet-Hayyân et Et-Tell, tous deux sur la route de Béthel (Beitîn) à Jérico (Erîhâ) et à une quinzaine de km. au Nord-N. -E. de Jérusalem. La cité apparaît dans l'histoire biblique avec Abraham qui dressa ses tentes à proximité (Ge 12:8 13:3). Elle est surtout célèbre par les combats qui se livrèrent sous ses murs au moment de la conquête de la Palestine par Josué. Après la prise de Jérico, Josué s'efforça de pénétrer à l'intérieur du pays (Jos 7:2) et s'avança jusqu'à Aï. Après un échec, expliqué par le crime d'Acan (Jos 7:10-26), la ville cananéenne fut occupée par surprise, pillée, brûlée et son roi pendu (Jos 8:1-29). La cité ruinée et déserte fut reconstruite quelques siècles plus tard, puisqu'elle sera un objectif pour l'armée de Sanchérib (vers 701) envahissant la Palestine. (Esa 10:28 : Ajjath) Après l'exil, elle fut réhabitée et le nombre de ses rapatriés joints à ceux de Béthel atteignit au chiffre de 223 (Esd 2:28). D'après Ne 11:31, la région fut dévolue aux fils de Benjamin.

2. Ville mentionnée par Jérémie (Jer 49:3) et, à cause du contexte, à rechercher en TransJordanie ; pas encore identifiée. A. P.

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      Genèse 12

      8 He left from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to Yahweh and called on the name of Yahweh.

      Genèse 13

      3 He went on his journeys from the South even to Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai,

      Josué 7

      2 Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth Aven, on the east side of Bethel, and spoke to them, saying, "Go up and spy out the land." The men went up and spied out Ai.
      3 They returned to Joshua, and said to him, "Don't let all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and strike Ai. Don't make all the people to toil there, for there are only a few of them."
      4 So about three thousand men of the people went up there, and they fled before the men of Ai.
      5 The men of Ai struck about thirty-six men of them, and they chased them from before the gate even to Shebarim, and struck them at the descent. The hearts of the people melted, and became like water.
      10 Yahweh said to Joshua, "Get up! Why are you fallen on your face like that?
      11 Israel has sinned. Yes, they have even transgressed my covenant which I commanded them. Yes, they have even taken of the devoted things, and have also stolen, and also deceived. They have even put it among their own stuff.
      12 Therefore the children of Israel can't stand before their enemies. They turn their backs before their enemies, because they have become devoted for destruction. I will not be with you any more, unless you destroy the devoted things from among you.
      13 "Get up! Sanctify the people, and say, 'Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, for Yahweh, the God of Israel, says, "There is a devoted thing in the midst of you, Israel. You cannot stand before your enemies until you take away the devoted thing from among you."
      14 "'In the morning therefore you shall be brought near by your tribes. It shall be that the tribe which Yahweh selects shall come near by families. The family which Yahweh selects shall come near by households. The household which Yahweh selects shall come near man by man.
      15 It shall be, that he who is taken with the devoted thing shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he has, because he has transgressed the covenant of Yahweh, and because he has done a disgraceful thing in Israel.'"
      16 So Joshua rose up early in the morning and brought Israel near by their tribes. The tribe of Judah was selected.
      17 He brought near the family of Judah; and he selected the family of the Zerahites. He brought near the family of the Zerahites man by man, and Zabdi was selected.
      18 He brought near his household man by man, and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was selected.
      19 Joshua said to Achan, "My son, please give glory to Yahweh, the God of Israel, and make confession to him. Tell me now what you have done! Don't hide it from me!"
      20 Achan answered Joshua, and said, "I have truly sinned against Yahweh, the God of Israel, and this is what I have done.
      21 When I saw among the spoil a beautiful Babylonian robe, two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold weighing fifty shekels, then I coveted them and took them. Behold, they are hidden in the ground in the middle of my tent, with the silver under it."
      22 So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran to the tent. Behold, it was hidden in his tent, with the silver under it.
      23 They took them from the middle of the tent, and brought them to Joshua and to all the children of Israel. They laid them down before Yahweh.
      24 Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, the silver, the robe, the wedge of gold, his sons, his daughters, his cattle, his donkeys, his sheep, his tent, and all that he had; and they brought them up to the valley of Achor.
      25 Joshua said, "Why have you troubled us? Yahweh will trouble you this day." All Israel stoned him with stones, and they burned them with fire and stoned them with stones.
      26 They raised over him a great heap of stones that remains to this day. Yahweh turned from the fierceness of his anger. Therefore the name of that place was called "The valley of Achor" to this day.

      Josué 8

      1 Yahweh said to Joshua, "Don't be afraid, neither be dismayed. Take all the people of war with you, and arise, go up to Ai. Behold, I have given into your hand the king of Ai, with his people, his city, and his land.
      2 You shall do to Ai and her king as you did to Jericho and her king, except its spoil and its livestock, you shall take for a plunder for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it."
      3 So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai. Joshua chose thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valor, and sent them out by night.
      4 He commanded them, saying, "Behold, you shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city. Don't go very far from the city, but all of you be ready.
      5 I, and all the people who are with me, will approach to the city. It shall happen, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them.
      6 They will come out after us, until we have drawn them away from the city; for they will say, 'They flee before us, like the first time.' So we will flee before them,
      7 and you shall rise up from the ambush, and take possession of the city; for Yahweh your God will deliver it into your hand.
      8 It shall be, when you have seized on the city, that you shall set the city on fire. You shall do this according to the word of Yahweh. Behold, I have commanded you."
      9 Joshua sent them out; and they went to set up the ambush, and stayed between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua stayed among the people that night.
      10 Joshua rose up early in the morning, mustered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai.
      11 All the people, even the men of war who were with him, went up, and drew near, and came before the city, and encamped on the north side of Ai. Now there was a valley between him and Ai.
      12 He took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city.
      13 So they set the people, even all the army who was on the north of the city, and their ambush on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.
      14 It happened, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hurried and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at the time appointed, before the Arabah; but he didn't know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.
      15 Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.
      16 All the people who were in the city were called together to pursue after them. They pursued Joshua, and were drawn away from the city.
      17 There was not a man left in Ai or Beth El who didn't go out after Israel. They left the city open, and pursued Israel.
      18 Yahweh said to Joshua, "Stretch out the javelin that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand." Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city.
      19 The ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand, and entered into the city, and took it. They hurried and set the city on fire.
      20 When the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way. The people who fled to the wilderness turned back on the pursuers.
      21 When Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, and killed the men of Ai.
      22 The others came out of the city against them, so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side. They struck them, so that they let none of them remain or escape.
      23 They captured the king of Ai alive, and brought him to Joshua.
      24 It happened, when Israel had made an end of killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness in which they pursued them, and they had all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned to Ai, and struck it with the edge of the sword.
      25 All that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai.
      26 For Joshua didn't draw back his hand, with which he stretched out the javelin, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.
      27 Only the livestock and the spoil of that city Israel took for prey to themselves, according to the word of Yahweh which he commanded Joshua.
      28 So Joshua burnt Ai, and made it a heap forever, even a desolation, to this day.
      29 He hanged the king of Ai on a tree until the evening, and at the sundown Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree, and threw it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised a great heap of stones on it that remains to this day.

      Josué 9

      3 But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai,

      Josué 10

      1 Now it happened when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;
      2 that they were very afraid, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

      Josué 12

      9 the king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one;

      Esdras 2

      28 The men of Bethel and Ai, two hundred twenty-three.

      Néhémie 7

      32 The men of Bethel and Ai, a hundred twenty-three.

      Néhémie 11

      31 The children of Benjamin also lived from Geba onward, at Michmash and Aija, and at Bethel and its towns,

      Esaïe 10

      28 He has come to Aiath. He has passed through Migron. At Michmash he stores his baggage.

      Jérémie 49

      3 Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste; cry, you daughters of Rabbah, clothe yourself in sackcloth: lament, and run back and forth among the fences; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.
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