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Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

ANCIEN

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Chez le peuple juif, dès les débuts les anciens d'Israël, sans doute chefs de famille ou de clan, dirigent et représentent le peuple aussi bien dans les affaires religieuses que dans les affaires civiles (Ex 3:16 17:5, Le 4:15 etc.).

Après la conquête de Canaan et même sous la royauté, les villes ont à leur tête des anciens (1Sa 11:3,1Ro 21:8,2Ro 10:1). Durant l'exil, le rôle des anciens dut être de première importance pour le maintien des traditions religieuses et nationales (Eze 8:1 14:1 20:1) ; au retour, ils restent au centre de la vie publique (Esd 5:9 6:7). Aucun de ces textes cependant ne donne une idée nette de leurs fonctions exactes ni de la manière dont ils étaient choisis.

Les Romains reconnurent officiellement les anciens de la nation, dont l'assemblée constituait le sanhédrin. C'est lui qui est visé dans presque tous les passages des Evangiles qui parlent des « anciens ». (Font exception Mt 5:21 qui fait plutôt allusion aux maîtres de la tradition qu'au sanhédrin ; Mt 15:2, Mr 7:3-5, où il s'agit évidemment des ancêtres des Juifs ; et Lu 7:3, qui fait sans doute allusion aux anciens de la ville de Capernaüm.)

L'Église chrétienne primitive emprunta son organisation au peuple juif. A Jérusalem, nous voyons très tôt des anciens installés à côté des apôtres (Ac 15:2,6). Avant de quitter les nouvelles Eglises nées de son ministère, l'apôtre Paul en fait élire par les fidèles (Ac 14:23). A eux revient l'autorité dans la vie de l'Église locale : ils se partagent la direction du troupeau, les services du culte, l'enseignement. Pour les qualités requises et les droits de cette charge, voir 1Ti 3:1-7 5:17-20, Tit 1:5-9.

Le mot « ancien » (en grec presbytre, d'où est venu le mot « prêtre ») est la traduction du terme hébreu zâqên ; il est souvent remplacé dans le N.T. par le terme grec épiscope (d'où est venu « évêque »), mais les deux mots semblent correspondre alors aux mêmes fonctions (Ac 20:17,28,1Pi 5:1). Pourtant, voir ÉVEQUE et Église (gouvernement de l').

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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    • Exode 3

      16 Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, 'Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, "I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt;

      Exode 17

      5 Yahweh said to Moses, "Walk on before the people, and take the elders of Israel with you, and take the rod in your hand with which you struck the Nile, and go.

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      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.

      1 Samuel 11

      3 The elders of Jabesh said to him, "Give us seven day, that we may send messengers to all the borders of Israel; and then, if there is no one to save us, we will come out to you."

      Esdras 5

      9 Then we asked those elders, and said to them thus, "Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?"

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      7 Leave the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in its place.

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      1 It happened in the sixth year, in the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I sat in my house, and the elders of Judah sat before me, that the hand of the Lord Yahweh fell there on me.

      Ezéchiel 14

      1 Then came certain of the elders of Israel to me, and sat before me.

      Ezéchiel 20

      1 It happened in the seventh year, in the fifth [month], the tenth [day] of the month, that certain of the elders of Israel came to inquire of Yahweh, and sat before me.

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      Matthieu 15

      2 "Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don't wash their hands when they eat bread."

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      Luc 7

      3 When he heard about Jesus, he sent to him elders of the Jews, asking him to come and save his servant.

      Actes 14

      23 When they had appointed elders for them in every assembly, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they had believed.

      Actes 15

      2 Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question.
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      Actes 20

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      Romains 10

      1 Brothers, my heart's desire and my prayer to God is for Israel, that they may be saved.

      1 Timothée 3

      1 This is a faithful saying: if a man seeks the office of an overseer , he desires a good work.
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      3 not a drinker, not violent, not greedy for money, but gentle, not quarrelsome, not covetous;
      4 one who rules his own house well, having children in subjection with all reverence;
      5 (but if a man doesn't know how to rule his own house, how will he take care of the assembly of God?)
      6 not a new convert, lest being puffed up he fall into the same condemnation as the devil.
      7 Moreover he must have good testimony from those who are outside, to avoid falling into reproach and the snare of the devil.

      Tite 1

      5 I left you in Crete for this reason, that you would set in order the things that were lacking, and appoint elders in every city, as I directed you;
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      1 Pierre 5

      1 I exhort the elders among you, as a fellow elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and who will also share in the glory that will be revealed.
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