Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

ANNE

(grec Anna, de l'hébreu Khannâh =grâce).

1. La mère de Samuel (1Sa 1). Son mari Elkana était de Rama, ville de la tribu de Benjamin, située dans les montagnes d'Éphraïm (Ramathaïm-Tsophim n'est qu'une désignation plus complète : cf. Ramatha dans Josèphe, Ant., V, 10:2). Avec ses deux femmes, Anne et Péninna, il se rendait tous les ans à Silo pour offrir un sacrifice à Jéhovah. Anne était stérile et en éprouvait une profonde tristesse, bien que son mari la traitât avec beaucoup d'égards et la préférât à Péninna. Une année, après le repas traditionnel qui suivait le sacrifice d'actions de grâces, (voy. Le 7:15) Anne entra dans le temple et, dans sa détresse, pria l'Éternel devant l'arche sainte. Elle fit le voeu, si un fils lui était donné, de le consacrer à Dieu (les détails du verset 11 font penser à la pratique du naziréat, institution très connue en Israël, voy. No 6:6). Son voeu fut exaucé. Dès qu'elle eut sevré l'enfant, Anne revint pour présenter son fils à l'Éternel et offrir les sacrifices prescrits par la loi : après l'avoir consacré solennellement au service de Dieu, elle le laissa sous la direction du prêtre Héli au sanctuaire de Silo. Elle eut dans la suite trois autres fils et deux filles (1Sa 2:21).

Le Cantique d'Anne (1Sa 2:1-11) est une prière d'actions de grâces qu'elle aurait prononcée au moment où elle consacra Samuel à l'Éternel. C'est en réalité un psaume de délivrance qui n'a guère de rapports avec la situation historique : il a dû être ajouté après coup, car il paraît d'une époque plus tardive que le récit lui-même (le v. 6 semble indiquer une notion théologique assez récente en Israël au sujet de l'immortalité de l'âme) ; la fin a une allure de chant messianique qui fait penser à la période postexilique. Seul le verset 5, qui mentionne une femme stérile, a pu créer un lien entre ce poème et Anne. En tout cas, ce chant a inspiré le cantique d'une autre mère : Marie (Lu 1:46 et suivants), dans son Magnificat (voir ce mot).

2. Transcrit sous la forme Anna, nom de la femme de Tobit et mère de Tobie (Tob 1:9,20 2:1,11 5:18 14:12).

3. Fille de Phanuel, de la tribu d'Asser (voir ce mot). Les femmes de cette tribu étaient renommées pour leur beauté, et plusieurs grands-prêtres et rois y prirent leurs épouses. Anne était parmi les gens « pieux » d'Israël qui, à une époque de relâchement religieux, attendaient avec persévérance la venue du « Consolateur ». (cf. Lu 2:25) Veuve depuis de longues années après sept ans de mariage, elle était âgée de quatre-vingt-quatre ans (mais on pourrait traduire aussi : « restée veuve depuis quatre-vingt-quatre ans », ce qui la ferait plus que centenaire). Son grand âge ne l'empêchait pas de pratiquer régulièrement le jeûne et la prière, et de servir Dieu nuit et jour sans sortir du Temple, (cf. Ps 27:4) ce qui veut dire, non qu'elle y résidait effectivement, mais qu'elle n'en manquait aucune cérémonie. Elle réalisait l'idéal de la veuve d'après l'apôtre Paul, qui, « restée seule, met son espérance en Dieu et persévère nuit et jour dans la prière et l'oraison » (1Ti 5:5). Elle possédait un don de parole inspirée qui l'avait fait appeler prophétesse. Arrivant au moment où Siméon bénissait le petit enfant Jésus, « elle se mit à son tour à louer Dieu et à parler de cet enfant à tous ceux qui attendaient la délivrance de Jérusalem » (Lu 2:36,38). Ce tableau d'Anne la prophétesse, avec l'accent mis sur sa virginité, son long veuvage, ses dévotions continuelles, ses louanges au Seigneur, en fit plus tard un type de la vie monastique ; il n'est pas impossible que son nom soit à l'origine de la tradition sur la prétendue Anne, mère de Marie (n° 4).

4. D'après plusieurs évangiles apocryphes (Protév. de Jacques, pseudo-Matth., etc.), épouse de Joachim et mère de Marie mère de Jésus ; complètement absente du N.T. canonique. Son culte fut admis par le pape au XVI e siècle, et son principal sanctuaire est à Auray, centre de célèbres « pardons » bretons.

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Versets relatifs

    • Lévitique 1

      5 He shall kill the bull before Yahweh. Aaron's sons, the priests, shall present the blood and sprinkle the blood around on the altar that is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      6 He shall flay the burnt offering, and cut it into pieces.

      Lévitique 7

      15 The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning.

      Nombres 6

      6 "'All the days that he separates himself to Yahweh he shall not go near a dead body.

      1 Samuel 1

      1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaim Zophim, of the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite:
      2 and he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.
      3 This man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice to Yahweh of Armies in Shiloh. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests to Yahweh, were there.
      4 When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:
      5 but to Hannah he gave a double portion; for he loved Hannah, but Yahweh had shut up her womb.
      6 Her rival provoked her severely, to make her fret, because Yahweh had shut up her womb.
      7 As he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of Yahweh, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and didn't eat.
      8 Elkanah her husband said to her, "Hannah, why do you weep? Why don't you eat? Why is your heart grieved? Am I not better to you than ten sons?"
      9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his seat by the doorpost of Yahweh's temple.
      10 She was in bitterness of soul, and prayed to Yahweh, and wept bitterly.
      11 She vowed a vow, and said, "Yahweh of Armies, if you will indeed look on the affliction of your handmaid, and remember me, and not forget your handmaid, but will give to your handmaid a boy, then I will give him to Yahweh all the days of his life, and no razor shall come on his head."
      12 It happened, as she continued praying before Yahweh, that Eli saw her mouth.
      13 Now Hannah spoke in her heart. Only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard. Therefore Eli thought she had been drunken.
      14 Eli said to her, "How long will you be drunken? Put away your wine from you."
      15 Hannah answered, "No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit. I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I poured out my soul before Yahweh.
      16 Don't count your handmaid for a wicked woman; for I have been speaking out of the abundance of my complaint and my provocation."
      17 Then Eli answered, "Go in peace; and may the God of Israel grant your petition that you have asked of him."
      18 She said, "Let your handmaid find favor in your sight." So the woman went her way, and ate; and her facial expression wasn't sad any more.
      19 They rose up in the morning early, and worshiped before Yahweh, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and Yahweh remembered her.
      20 It happened, when the time had come, that Hannah conceived, and bore a son; and she named him Samuel, saying, "Because I have asked him of Yahweh."
      21 The man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer to Yahweh the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.
      22 But Hannah didn't go up; for she said to her husband, "Not until the child is weaned; then I will bring him, that he may appear before Yahweh, and stay there forever."
      23 Elkanah her husband said to her, "Do what seems good to you. Wait until you have weaned him; only may Yahweh establish his word." So the woman waited and nursed her son, until she weaned him.
      24 When she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, and one ephah of meal, and a bottle of wine, and brought him to Yahweh's house in Shiloh. The child was young.
      25 They killed the bull, and brought the child to Eli.
      26 She said, "Oh, my lord, as your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman who stood by you here, praying to Yahweh.
      27 For this child I prayed; and Yahweh has given me my petition which I asked of him.
      28 Therefore also I have granted him to Yahweh. As long as he lives he is granted to Yahweh." He worshiped Yahweh there.

      1 Samuel 2

      1 Hannah prayed, and said: "My heart exults in Yahweh! My horn is exalted in Yahweh. My mouth is enlarged over my enemies, because I rejoice in your salvation.
      2 There is no one as holy as Yahweh, For there is no one besides you, nor is there any rock like our God.
      3 "Talk no more so exceeding proudly. Don't let arrogance come out of your mouth, For Yahweh is a God of knowledge. By him actions are weighed.
      4 "The bows of the mighty men are broken. Those who stumbled are armed with strength.
      5 Those who were full have hired themselves out for bread. Those who were hungry are satisfied. Yes, the barren has borne seven. She who has many children languishes.
      6 "Yahweh kills, and makes alive. He brings down to Sheol , and brings up.
      7 Yahweh makes poor, and makes rich. He brings low, he also lifts up.
      8 He raises up the poor out of the dust. He lifts up the needy from the dunghill, To make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory. For the pillars of the earth are Yahweh's. He has set the world on them.
      9 He will keep the feet of his holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for no man shall prevail by strength.
      10 Those who strive with Yahweh shall be broken to pieces. He will thunder against them in the sky. "Yahweh will judge the ends of the earth. He will give strength to his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed."
      11 Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. The child served Yahweh before Eli the priest.
      21 Yahweh visited Hannah, and she conceived, and bore three sons and two daughters. The child Samuel grew before Yahweh.

      Psaumes 27

      4 One thing I have asked of Yahweh, that I will seek after, that I may dwell in the house of Yahweh all the days of my life, to see Yahweh's beauty, and to inquire in his temple.

      Luc 1

      46 Mary said, "My soul magnifies the Lord.

      Luc 2

      25 Behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was on him.
      36 There was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity,
      38 Coming up at that very hour, she gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of him to all those who were looking for redemption in Jerusalem.

      1 Timothée 5

      5 Now she who is a widow indeed, and desolate, has her hope set on God, and continues in petitions and prayers night and day.
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