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BASAN

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(=uni).

Région située à l'Est du lac de Tibériade (fig. 42), appelée aujourd'hui Haoûran ou Hauran (voir ce mot).

Son roi était Og, que les Israélites battirent à Édréi (voir ce mot) après avoir défait son allié, Sinon, roi de Hesbon (No 21:33 et suivant, De 29:7, Ne 9:22). Le pays fut attribué à la moitié de la tribu de Manassé (De 3:13 4:43, Jos 13:30) et deux de ses villes, Golan et Béesthra ou Beth-Astaroth, furent réservées, comme cités de refuge, pour les enfants de Guerson (Jos 21:27). A l'époque de Salomon, Ben-Guéber (=le fils de Guéber) de Ramoth en Galaad, intendant du roi, administrait le pays de Basan (1Ro 4:13,18), mais sous Jéhu (vers 842) la région fut envahie et dévastée par Hazaël, roi de Damas (2Ro 10:33). Un peu plus tard (vers 734), Tiglath-Piléser III, roi d'Assyrie, emmena probablement ses habitants en captivité, lorsqu'il ravagea toute la contrée environnante (2Ro 15:29).

Le pays de Basan était célèbre pour ses lions (De 33:22), ses montagnes (Ps 68:16), ses chênes (Esa 2:13, Eze 27:6, Za 11:2), ses taureaux (Ps 22:13) ses génisses (Am 4:1), ses béliers et ses boucs (Eze 39:18, De 32:14). A l'époque romaine, la région fut divisée en cinq provinces : Iturée, Gaulanitide, Batanée, Tracho-nitide, Auranitide.

Les ruines sont particulièrement abondantes qui datent de la domination romaine et attestent encore la belle organisation due à la conquête. Le plus bel ensemble est celui de Bosra, sur la route de Derâa (Édréi) à Salkhad , (Salca, De 3:10) au Sud du Djebel Druse. Des documents remontant à plus haute époque ont pourtant été retrouvés : à Cheikh Sad, un lion de style hittite (fig. 20) et un monument de Ramsès II (environ 1300 av. J. -C.) ; à Tell-el-Sihâb un fragment de stèle au nom de Séti I er (1320-1300 av. J. -C).

La tradition musulmane situe dans cette région les divers événements de la vie de Job et en localise quelques-uns : on montre ainsi la pierre de Job (lieu de rendez-vous de Job et de ses amis), les bains de Job, le tombeau de Job. Le village moderne de Cheikh Miskîn perpétue la mémoire du « seigneur pauvre ». La vénération actuelle est certainement antérieure à l'islamisme, puisque subsistent encore, au Sud de Cheikh Sad, les ruines d'un couvent [couvent de Job), construit au III e siècle ap. J. -C. A. P.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Nombres 21

      33 They turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.

      Nombres 32

      33 Moses gave to them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, according to its cities and borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.

      Deutéronome 1

      4 after he had struck Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth, at Edrei.

      Deutéronome 3

      1 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.
      3 So Yahweh our God delivered into our hand Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people: and we struck him until none was left to him remaining.
      4 We took all his cities at that time; there was not a city which we didn't take from them; sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
      10 We took all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, to Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
      11 (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; isn't it in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its breadth, after the cubit of a man.)
      13 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, gave I to the half-tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. (The same is called the land of Rephaim.
      14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth Jair, to this day.)

      Deutéronome 4

      43 Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, for the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, for the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, for the Manassites.
      47 They took his land in possession, and the land of Og king of Bashan, the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise;

      Deutéronome 29

      7 When you came to this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, came out against us to battle, and we struck them:

      Deutéronome 32

      14 Butter of the herd, and milk of the flock, with fat of lambs, rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the finest of the wheat. Of the blood of the grape you drank wine.

      Deutéronome 33

      22 Of Dan he said, "Dan is a lion's cub that leaps out of Bashan."

      Josué 9

      10 and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.

      Josué 12

      4 and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
      5 and ruled in Mount Hermon, and in Salecah, and in all Bashan, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

      Josué 13

      11 and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah;
      12 all the kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei (the same was left of the remnant of the Rephaim); for Moses attacked these, and drove them out.
      30 Their border was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, sixty cities.
      31 Half Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.

      Josué 17

      1 This was the lot for the tribe of Manasseh, for he was the firstborn of Joseph. As for Machir the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead, because he was a man of war, therefore he had Gilead and Bashan.
      5 Ten parts fell to Manasseh, besides the land of Gilead and Bashan, which is beyond the Jordan;

      Josué 20

      8 Beyond the Jordan at Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness in the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh.

      Josué 21

      6 The children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
      27 They gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the manslayer, and Be Eshterah with its suburbs; two cities.

      Josué 22

      7 Now to the one half-tribe of Manasseh Moses had given inheritance in Bashan; but to the other half gave Joshua among their brothers beyond the Jordan westward. Moreover when Joshua sent them away to their tents, he blessed them,

      1 Chroniques 5

      11 The sons of Gad lived over against them, in the land of Bashan to Salecah:
      12 Joel the chief, and Shapham the second, and Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
      16 They lived in Gilead in Bashan, and in its towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, as far as their borders.
      23 The children of the half-tribe of Manasseh lived in the land: they increased from Bashan to Baal Hermon and Senir and Mount Hermon.

      1 Chroniques 6

      62 To the sons of Gershom, according to their families, out of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.
      71 To the sons of Gershom were given, out of the family of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with its suburbs, and Ashtaroth with its suburbs;

      Néhémie 9

      22 Moreover you gave them kingdoms and peoples, which you allotted according to their portions. So they possessed the land of Sihon, even the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan.

      Psaumes 22

      12 Many bulls have surrounded me. Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me.
      13 They open their mouths wide against me, lions tearing prey and roaring.

      Psaumes 68

      15 The mountains of Bashan are majestic mountains. The mountains of Bashan are rugged.
      16 Why do you look in envy, you rugged mountains, at the mountain where God chooses to reign? Yes, Yahweh will dwell there forever.
      22 The Lord said, "I will bring you again from Bashan, I will bring you again from the depths of the sea;

      Psaumes 135

      11 Sihon king of the Amorites, Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan,

      Psaumes 136

      20 Og king of Bashan; for his loving kindness endures forever;

      Esaïe 2

      13 For all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, for all the oaks of Bashan,

      Esaïe 33

      9 The land mourns and languishes. Lebanon is confounded and withers away. Sharon is like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel are stripped bare.

      Jérémie 22

      20 Go up to Lebanon, and cry; and lift up your voice in Bashan, and cry from Abarim; for all your lovers are destroyed.

      Jérémie 50

      19 I will bring Israel again to his pasture, and he shall feed on Carmel and Bashan, and his soul shall be satisfied on the hills of Ephraim and in Gilead.

      Ezéchiel 27

      6 Of the oaks of Bashan have they made your oars; they have made your benches of ivory inlaid in boxwood, from the islands of Kittim.

      Ezéchiel 39

      18 You shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bulls, all of them fatlings of Bashan.

      Amos 4

      1 Listen to this word, you cows of Bashan, who are on the mountain of Samaria, who oppress the poor, who crush the needy, who tell their husbands, "Bring us drinks!"

      Michée 7

      14 Shepherd your people with your staff, the flock of your heritage, who dwell by themselves in a forest, in the midst of fertile pasture land, let them feed; in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old.

      Nahum 1

      4 He rebukes the sea, and makes it dry, and dries up all the rivers. Bashan languishes, and Carmel; and the flower of Lebanon languishes.

      Zacharie 11

      2 Wail, fir tree, for the cedar has fallen, because the stately ones are destroyed. Wail, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has come down.
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