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CALOMNIE

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La calomnie contre un accusé devant la cour de justice est le faux témoignage, interdit par le Décalogue (De 5:20 parallèle Ex 20:11, Mr 10:19) ; la Bible en contient quelques exemples célèbres (1Ro 21:13, Mt 26:59 et suivant, Ac 6:11 17:6 s, etc.).

L'imputation sciemment mensongère qui constitue la calomnie proprement dite est désignée par l'hébreu râkîl ou râgal (deux racines évoquant probablement les allées et venues de celui qui bavarde au détriment d'autrui) : cette calomnie est interdite (Le 19:16), dénoncée (Ps 15:3 50:19, Eze 22:9), déplorée (Jer 6:28 9:4). Le terme dibbâ est au contraire le murmure qui glisse (Pr 10:18) ; comp. la fameuse description de la calomnie par Basile (Beaumarchais, Barb. de Sév.) : « D'abord un bruit léger rasant le sol... pianissimo murmure et file, etc. » Ces termes hébreux peuvent désigner non seulement la calomnie mais encore la médisance, c-à-d. les accusations vraies inutilement colportées (Pr 11:13 20:19).

La calomnie est condamnée aussi dans les Apocryphes, qui appellent le calomniateur « la troisième langue », celle qui excite deux personnes l'une contre l'autre (Sir 19:15 51:2 ; énergique description dans Sir 28:14 et suivants).

Le N.T. la désigne ordinairement par les mots grec de la famille de blasphème, au sens moral (fausse accusation contre l'homme) et non pas religieux (accusation contre Dieu) : la calomnie est incompatible avec la vie chrétienne (Mt 15:19, Col 3:8) ; pourtant, les fidèles chrétiens doivent s'attendre a ses attaques (1Co 4:13, grec dusphômoûménoi =diffamés ; Ro 3:8, Ap 2:9), et ils doivent en préserver la doctrine et la voie de Dieu (1Ti 6:1,2Pi 2:2). Dans 2Ti 3:3, le terme grec est diabolos ; ce nom de « calomniateur » est devenu le titre du Diable, qui est « l'adversaire », c-à-d. l'accusateur de parti pris (1Pi 5:8), « menteur et père du mensonge » (Jn 8:44). Principaux exemples de calomnie : 2Sa 10:3 19:27, Esd 4:12 et suivants, Ne 6:2, Mt 11:18 et suivant, Ac 24:5, etc. Jn L.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Psaumes 50

      19 "You give your mouth to evil. Your tongue frames deceit.

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      Proverbes 20

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      4 Take heed everyone of his neighbor, and don't trust in any brother; for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbor will go about with slanders.

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      Matthieu 15

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      Matthieu 26

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      19 You know the commandments: 'Do not murder,' 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not give false testimony,' 'Do not defraud,' 'Honor your father and mother.'"

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      44 You are of your father, the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and doesn't stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks on his own; for he is a liar, and its father.

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