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COEUR

Définition biblique de Coeur :

Ce seul mot désigne, dans la Bible, des activités de l'âme que le langage moderne sépare nettement et que la psychologie classique distingue sous les termes : sensibilité, intelligence, volonté, conscience morale.

Sommaire

I. DANS L'A.T. 

Le coeur corrompu est la source du péché (Ge 6:5 8:21, Ec 9:3, Jer 17:9). Le psalmiste constatant cette déchéance s'écrie : « O Dieu, crée en moi un coeur pur ! » (Ps 51:12). Dieu peut en effet le régénérer (Eze 11:19 18:31 36:26) et le rendre capable d'obéir à sa loi (Eze 11:20). Le coeur est le siège des émotions, joie et tristesse (1Sa 2:1, Pr 14:10) et des passions (1Ro 8:38, Esa 30:29, Ps 104:15) ; il est le symbole de l'amour (Pr 4:23). Le coeur est le siège de la pensée et du jugement (Ge 8:21, De 8:17, Pr 15:28, Ec 8:6, Ps 14:1, Jer 13:22, Sop 1:12 etc.). Le coeur est le siège de la volonté (Ex 14:5,1Sa 7:3,1Ro 8:48, Esa 10:7). Certaines expressions traduisent des états de la conscience morale : « J'endurcirai son coeur » (Ex 4:21, De 2:30). « Faites-vous un coeur nouveau » (Eze 18:31). « La droiture de ton coeur » (De 9:5). « Son coeur ne fut point tout entier à l'Éternel » (1Ro 11:4). « Déchirez vos coeurs » (Joe 2:13). L'expression « coeur de chair », dans Eze 11:19 36:26, ne doit point être prise dans le sens de coeur charnel ; elle signifie : coeur vibrant, réceptif, qui répond aux appels de Dieu ; le coeur rebelle et dur est, par contre, appelé « coeur de pierre ». Voir Chair.

II. DANS LE N.T.

Le coeur est quelquefois le siège des sentiments affectifs, comme dans 1Pi 1:22 : « Aimez-vous les uns les autres de tout votre coeur » ; mais plus souvent il est le centre de l'activité spirituelle de la conscience : « Heureux les coeurs purs, car ils verront Dieu » (Mt 5:8). « Recherche la justice avec ceux qui invoquent le Seigneur d'un coeur pur » (2Ti 2:22). « ... ceux qui ayant entendu la parole avec un coeur honnête et bon la retiennent... » (Lu 8:15). « Le malin vient et enlève ce qui a été semé dans son coeur... » (Mt 13:19, cf. Esa 6:10).

Les choix du coeur orientent la vie tout entière, soit vers la pureté, soit vers la corruption (Lu 6:45, Mt 15:18). Cette pureté, parure cachée du coeur (1Pi 3:4), n'est foncièrement connue que de Dieu qui « sonde les coeurs » (Ro 8:27, Lu 16:15,1Jn 3:20, cf. 1Sa 16:7, Pr 21:2). Quant à l'homme, il ne peut apprécier la vie cachée du coeur que par les fruits visibles (Mt 7:20).

L'apôtre Paul recourt à une grande variété d'expressions pour exprimer l'activité de l'âme ; cependant il utilise, lui aussi, le mot coeur pour désigner la conscience morale : « Les yeux du coeur » (Eph 1:18). « Il fait briller sa lumière dans nos coeurs » (2Co 4:6). « Celui qui a décidé dans son coeur... » (1Co 7:37). « ... en sorte que Christ habite en vos coeurs par la foi » (Eph 3:17).

Il n'y a pas lieu de s'étonner des acceptions variées données à un même mot, car l'âme humaine n'a pas de compartiments, elle est une. La pensée a besoin d'analyser pour comprendre et sépare ce qui est uni, mais souvent l'intuition refait la synthèse. Ainsi appelle-t-on d'un même mot dans la Bible : le coeur, les démarches de la pensée, les sentiments bons ou mauvais, les déterminations de la volonté et les élévations de la conscience morale. Voir Conscience.

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