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Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

CRAINTE DE L'ÉTERNEL, ou DE DIEU

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Définition biblique de Crainte de l’Éternel, ou de Dieu :

Cette notion,centrale dans la Bible, fait référence à la piété envers Dieu. 

Sommaire

I. DÉFINITION.

Cette notion joue un rôle capital dans la Bible, surtout dans l'A.T., où elle est synonyme de piété envers Dieu, la langue hébraïque n'ayant pas d'autre terme pour désigner la religion.

La crainte de l'Éternel, au sens biblique, n'est pas la peur qui pousse l'homme à fuir et à se cacher comme Adam après sa faute (Ge 3) ; elle est le sentiment religieux de la créature faible et misérable devant la puissance, la majesté, la sainteté de son Créateur, sentiment d'une disproportion effrayante en même temps que d'une étroite dépendance (Ps 90:10,11 Mal 1:6).

Elle est éveillée dans les coeurs non seulement par les justes sévérités de Dieu, mais aussi par ses bienfaits (Ps 67:7 130:4).

II. SES IMPLICATIONS.

Cette crainte sacrée est la racine même de toute vie religieuse et morale. Aussi est-elle « le devoir qui s'impose à tout homme » (Ec 12:13), le commencement de la connaissance et de la sagesse (Pr 1:7 9:10, Ps 111:10, Job 28:23).

Elle implique l'acceptation de l'autorité souveraine de Dieu, le désir de faire sa volonté en toutes choses (De 4:10 6:13 10:12), le souci de lui plaire et la haine du mal (Pr 8:13 16:6).

Les plus belles promesses y sont attachées : bonheur, (Ec 8:12) santé (Pr 3:7 et suivant), longue vie (De 6:2), bénédiction étendue jusqu'à la postérité (Jer 32:39), amitié, bonté, protection de l'Éternel (Ps 25:14 31:20 33:18 34:8 103:11 119:88 etc.).

Les souffrances de l'homme pieux posent à la conscience d'Israël le grave problème abordé dans le livre de Job (Job 1:1). Dans le N.T., la crainte de Dieu est, comme dans l'A.T., l'équivalent de la piété : Le 18:4 23:40, Ac 9:31 10:35, Eph 5:21, Col 3:22,1Pi 2:17, Ap 14:7 15:4. « Craignant Dieu » est une expression spéciale qui sert à désigner les prosélytes (voir ce mot) convertis du paganisme au judaïsme.

Dans la nouvelle alliance de la grâce, Dieu ne cesse pas d'être redoutable pour qui repousse son salut et s'obstine dans la désobéissance (Mt 10:23 18:34, Heb 4:1 10:31,1Ti 5:20, Jas 2:19).

Même dans le coeur du chrétien subsiste un élément de crainte (Php 2:12,2Co 5:11 7:1, Heb 12:18,19,28) ; mais la crainte est absorbée par l'amour avec lequel elle s'associe en un sentiment filial plein de respect. Toute peur paralysante et servile disparaît chez le véritable enfant de Dieu (Ro 8:15,1Jn 2:28 3:21 4:17 et suivant, 2Ti 1:7). Voir Piété. V B.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      1 Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, "Has God really said, 'You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?'"
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