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Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

DISCIPLE

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(lat. discipulus =élève).

Samuel avait groupé autour de lui à Rama quelques enthousiastes jéhovistes, véritable école de prophètes (1Sa 19:18-24). Ésaïe également (Esa 8:16,18). Esa 50:4 parle de l'oreille des disciples, attentive, et de la langue des disciples, exercée.

Plus tard, les « docteurs de la loi » et les rabbins (du mot hébreu rabbi, qui signif. « mon maître ») eurent leurs disciples groupés en écoles.

Le maître parlait, les disciples écoutaient, et de longues discussions, souvent très subtiles, s'engageaient. Les plus célèbres de ces maîtres furent Hillel, Abtalion, Schammaï et Gamaliel.

Saul, avant de devenir chrétien, fut disciple de Gamaliel ; voir (Ac 22:3) aussi Jn 9:27 Marc 2:18 fait allusion à ces « disciples des Pharisiens » ; nombreux furent ceux qui s'attachèrent à Jean-Baptiste (Mr 2:18, Jn 1:35 3:25, Mt 14:12, Ac 19:1). Lu 19:37 parle d'une multitude de disciples de Jésus parmi les pèlerins de la Pâque à Jérusalem (cf. aussi Jn 4:1 6:60,66).

Jésus en envoie soixante-dix évangéliser (Lu 10:1). Mais il s'attache particulièrement douze d'entre eux, qu'il appellera apôtres (Lu 6:13), « pour les avoir avec lui et pour les envoyer prêcher, avec le pouvoir de chasser les démons » (. (Mr 3:14) Ce sont les disciples par excellence, « choisis », « amis » (Jn 15:16).

Le nom de disciples subsista longtemps dans les communautés chrétiennes pour désigner les chrétiens (Ac 9:10,26 16:1 20:1,7) et devint synonyme du chrétien dont Jésus a donné la caractéristique (Mt 16:24, Jn 13:35 15:8). Il y a quatre listes des douze disciples de Jésus (Mr 3:16 et suivant, Mt 10:2 et suivant, Lu 6:13 et suivant, Ac 1:13). Voir Docteur, Apôtre.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • 1 Samuel 19

      18 Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and lived in Naioth.
      19 It was told Saul, saying, "Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah."
      20 Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, the Spirit of God came on the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.
      21 When it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied.
      22 Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great well that is in Secu: and he asked, "Where are Samuel and David?" One said, "Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah."
      23 He went there to Naioth in Ramah. Then the Spirit of God came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
      24 He also stripped off his clothes, and he also prophesied before Samuel, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, "Is Saul also among the prophets?"

      Esaïe 8

      16 Wrap up the testimony. Seal the law among my disciples.
      18 Behold, I and the children whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from Yahweh of Armies, who dwells in Mount Zion.

      Esaïe 50

      4 The Lord Yahweh has given me the tongue of those who are taught, that I may know how to sustain with words him who is weary: he wakens morning by morning, he wakens my ear to hear as those who are taught.

      Matthieu 10

      2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;

      Matthieu 14

      12 His disciples came, and took the body, and buried it; and they went and told Jesus.

      Matthieu 16

      24 Then Jesus said to his disciples, "If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.

      Marc 2

      18 John's disciples and the Pharisees were fasting, and they came and asked him, "Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples don't fast?"

      Marc 3

      14 He appointed twelve, that they might be with him, and that he might send them out to preach,
      16 Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter;

      Luc 6

      13 When it was day, he called his disciples, and from them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles:

      Luc 10

      1 Now after these things, the Lord also appointed seventy others, and sent them two by two ahead of him into every city and place, where he was about to come.

      Luc 19

      37 As he was now getting near, at the descent of the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works which they had seen,

      Jean 1

      35 Again, the next day, John was standing with two of his disciples,

      Jean 3

      25 There arose therefore a questioning on the part of John's disciples with some Jews about purification.

      Jean 4

      1 Therefore when the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John

      Jean 6

      60 Therefore many of his disciples, when they heard this, said, "This is a hard saying! Who can listen to it?"
      66 At this, many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.

      Jean 9

      27 He answered them, "I told you already, and you didn't listen. Why do you want to hear it again? You don't also want to become his disciples, do you?"

      Jean 13

      35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another."

      Jean 15

      8 "In this is my Father glorified, that you bear much fruit; and so you will be my disciples.
      16 You didn't choose me, but I chose you, and appointed you, that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain; that whatever you will ask of the Father in my name, he may give it to you.

      Actes 1

      13 When they had come in, they went up into the upper room, where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.

      Actes 9

      10 Now there was a certain disciple at Damascus named Ananias. The Lord said to him in a vision, "Ananias!" He said, "Behold, it's me, Lord."
      26 When Saul had come to Jerusalem, he tried to join himself to the disciples; but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple.

      Actes 16

      1 He came to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a Jewess who believed; but his father was a Greek.

      Actes 19

      1 It happened that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul, having passed through the upper country, came to Ephesus, and found certain disciples.

      Actes 20

      1 After the uproar had ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, took leave of them, and departed to go into Macedonia.
      7 On the first day of the week, when the disciples were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and continued his speech until midnight.

      Actes 22

      3 "I am indeed a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, instructed according to the strict tradition of the law of our fathers, being zealous for God, even as you all are this day.
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