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DOIGT

Comme beaucoup de parties du corps, les doigts sont mentionnés au sens pr., au sens fig., et même, par anthropomorphisme, attribués à Dieu.

Les doigts des mains (Ca 5:5, Da 5:5, Sag 15:15) sont plus souvent cités que ceux des pieds (Ex 29:20, Da 2:41 et suivant) ; mais le cas de polydactylie (doigts surnuméraires) d'un Philistin affecte les unes et les autres : vingt-quatre doigts en tout (2Sa 21:20 parallèle 1Ch 20:6).

--En Orient, l'anneau au doigt était un ornement des femmes (Esa 3:18) et des hommes (Lu 15:22) ; et, comme chez la plupart des peuples, le doigt servit primitivement de mesure (Ex 25:25, Jer 52:21), en largeur (environ O m, 0225).

--Le doigt, c-à-d. l'index, sert à écrire (Jn 8:6), d'où l'expression : les tables de la Loi écrites du doigt de Dieu (Ex 31:18, De 9:10) ; il sert à tâter (Jn 20:25,27) ; il sert au prêtre pour l'application ou l'aspersion du sang (Ex 29:12, Le 14:6,17 etc.), ou de l'huile (Le 14:16 etc.) ; Jésus touche de ses doigts les oreilles et la langue du sourd-muet qu'il guérit (Mr 7:33). Le guerrier s'exerce les doigts à tendre l'arc (Ps 144:1, cf. Ps 18:36).

--Les doigts représentent, comme les mains, la fabrication d'un ouvrage (Esa 2:8 17:8). D'où, au fig., leur responsabilité (Esa 59:5) et L'appel à leur lier les leçons de la sagesse (Pr 7:3). D'où, encore, l'attribution des cieux à l'oeuvre des doigts (sens litt., rendu : mains) de Dieu (Ps 8:4), et l'exclamation des magiciens d'Egypte devant une plaie extraordinaire : « Le doigt de Dieu est là ! » (Ex 8:19). Comp. « le doigt d'Achéra », qui dans une lettre de Thaanac semble désigner un oracle. De même Jésus affirme son pouvoir de chasser les démons « par le doigt de Dieu » (Lu 11:20), qui s'oppose aux simagrées des nombreux sorciers du temps (un talisman du bas Empire porte cette formule : « Je t'adjure par le doigt du dieu, pour qu'il ne lui ouvre pas la bouche ! »). Dans ces diverses expressions, il semble que la mention du doigt évoque un geste plus aisé que celle de la main. Ailleurs, en tout cas, il s'agit du minimum d'effort refusé : « Vous ne voulez même pas toucher du doigt les rudes fardeaux dont vous chargez autrui ! » (Lu 11:46, Mt 23:4). C'est aussi un contraste qu'exprime insolemment la forme imagée et proverbiale de 1Ro 12:10. Par un contraste encore plus saisissant, Jésus oppose le doigt trempé dans l'eau fraîche, qu'implore vainement le mauvais riche, soulagement insignifiant, à ses jouissances extravagantes d'autrefois.

--Enfin (Lu 16:24), « l'élévation du doigt », pour traduire litt. Esa 58:9, peut représenter « le geste menaçant » (Vers. Syn., Sg.), ou bien « le dédain railleur, l'acte de montrer les gens du doigt » (Reuss) ; quelque chose d'analogue se trouve dans les signes convenus des malfaiteurs entre eux (Pr 6:13). Jn L.

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