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ELÉAZAR

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(=Dieu a aidé).

1. Fils d'Aaron. Les plus anciens documents (E, J) ne le mentionnent qu'à propos de son accession à la charge de prêtre, à la mort d'Aaron (De 10:6) et à l'occasion de sa mort (Jos 24:33). Par contre, le document sacerdotal (P), rédigé depuis l'exil par les prêtres pour glorifier, en particulier, les origines et le rôle historique du sacerdoce, est beaucoup plus abondant au sujet de cet ancêtre de la caste sacrée. Il y est le troisième fils d'Aaron ; ses frères étaient Nadab, Abihu et Ithamar (Ex 6:23) ; tous les quatre furent consacrés prêtres (No 3:2 et suivant) ; les deux premiers étant morts (Le 10:1, No 26:60 et suivant), El. et Ithamar exercèrent la prêtrise avec leur père (No 3:4,1Ch 24:1 s), et, par Moïse, reçurent de l'Éternel les prescriptions relatives à leurs saintes fonctions (Le 10:6-20). El. devint le chef des Lévites (No 3:32) et reçut solennellement la succession d'Aaron sur la montagne de Hor (No 20:25-28). Sur l'ordre de l'Éternel, il fit recouvrir l'autel de plaques provenant des encensoirs profanés par les révoltés Coré, Dathan et Abiram : elles devaient rappeler à Israël que seule la maison d'Aaron avait le droit d'offrir le parfum (No 16:36-39). C'est à Moïse et El. que l'Éternel ordonna de faire le dénombrement des hommes d'Israël (No 26:1,4). C'est devant El. que Josué, sur l'ordre de l'Éternel, fut choisi comme successeur futur de Moïse (No 27:18-23) ; c'est El. qui, avec Moïse, régla la question du butin pris sur les Madianites (No 31) ; c'est encore El. qui présida avec Josué au partage de Canaan entre les tribus (Jos 14:1 17:4 19:51 21:1). Il avait épousé la fille de Puthiel, qui lui donna un fils, Phinées (Ex 6:25). Après l'exil, la caste sacerdotale prit soin de bien marquer sa descendance lévitique par Aaron et Éléazar, les grands ancêtres (1Ch 6:3 et suivant). Voy. aussi la généalogie d'Esdras (Esd 7:1-5).

2. Fils d'Abinadab, consacré gardien de l'arche à Kirjath-Jéarim (1Sa 7:1).

3. Guerrier fameux, compagnon de David, et dont les Philistins sentirent les coups (2Sa 23:9 s, 1Ch 11:12-14).

4. Lévite, descendant de Mérari (1Ch 23:21 et suivant).

5. Prêtre collaborateur d'Esdras et Néhémie (Esd 8:33, Ne 12:42).

6. Un des prêtres qui, au temps d'Esdras, avaient épousé des femmes étrangères (Esd 10:25).

7. Frère de Judas Macchabée (1Ma 2:5 6:43-46,2Ma 8:23).

8. Martyr sous Antiochus Épiphane (2Ma 6:18,31).

9. Père de Jason (1Ma 8:17).

10. Grand-père de l'auteur de l'Ecclésiastique, d'après quelques manuscrits (Sir 50:27).

11. Arrière-grand-père de Joseph, époux de Marie (Mt 1:15). C. L.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 6

      23 Aaron took Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab, the sister of Nahshon, as his wife; and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
      25 Eleazar Aaron's son took one of the daughters of Putiel as his wife; and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers' houses of the Levites according to their families.

      Lévitique 10

      1 Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, each took his censer, and put fire in it, and laid incense on it, and offered strange fire before Yahweh, which he had not commanded them.
      6 Moses said to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar, his sons, "Don't let the hair of your heads go loose, neither tear your clothes; that you don't die, and that he not be angry with all the congregation: but let your brothers, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which Yahweh has kindled.
      7 You shall not go out from the door of the Tent of Meeting, lest you die; for the anointing oil of Yahweh is on you." They did according to the word of Moses.
      8 Yahweh spoke to Aaron, saying,
      9 "Drink no wine nor strong drink, you, nor your sons with you, when you go into the Tent of Meeting, that you don't die: it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations:
      10 and that you are to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean;
      11 and that you are to teach the children of Israel all the statutes which Yahweh has spoken to them by Moses."
      12 Moses spoke to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar, his sons who were left, "Take the meal offering that remains of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, and eat it without yeast beside the altar; for it is most holy;
      13 and you shall eat it in a holy place, because it is your portion, and your sons' portion, of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire: for so I am commanded.
      14 The waved breast and the heaved thigh you shall eat in a clean place, you, and your sons, and your daughters with you: for they are given as your portion, and your sons' portion, out of the sacrifices of the peace offerings of the children of Israel.
      15 The heaved thigh and the waved breast they shall bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before Yahweh: and it shall be yours, and your sons' with you, as a portion forever; as Yahweh has commanded."
      16 Moses diligently inquired about the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burned: and he was angry with Eleazar and with Ithamar, the sons of Aaron who were left, saying,
      17 "Why haven't you eaten the sin offering in the place of the sanctuary, since it is most holy, and he has given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before Yahweh?
      18 Behold, its blood was not brought into the inner part of the sanctuary: you certainly should have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded."
      19 Aaron spoke to Moses, "Behold, this day they have offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before Yahweh; and such things as these have happened to me: and if I had eaten the sin offering today, would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh?"
      20 When Moses heard that, it was pleasing in his sight.

      Nombres 3

      2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
      4 Nadab and Abihu died before Yahweh, when they offered strange fire before Yahweh, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children. Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the presence of Aaron their father.
      32 Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the requirements of the sanctuary.

      Nombres 16

      36 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      37 "Speak to Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, that he take up the censers out of the burning, and scatter the fire yonder; for they are holy,
      38 even the censers of these sinners against their own lives; and let them be made beaten plates for a covering of the altar: for they offered them before Yahweh; therefore they are holy; and they shall be a sign to the children of Israel."
      39 Eleazar the priest took the bronze censers, which those who were burnt had offered; and they beat them out for a covering of the altar,

      Nombres 20

      25 Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up to Mount Hor;
      26 and strip Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son: and Aaron shall be taken, and shall die there."
      27 Moses did as Yahweh commanded: and they went up into Mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation.
      28 Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there on the top of the mountain: and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain.

      Nombres 26

      1 It happened after the plague, that Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, saying,
      4 "Take a census, from twenty years old and upward; as Yahweh commanded Moses and the children of Israel." These are those that came out of the land of Egypt.
      60 To Aaron were born Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.

      Nombres 27

      18 Yahweh said to Moses, "Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him;
      19 and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and commission him in their sight.
      20 You shall put of your honor on him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may obey.
      21 He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before Yahweh: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation."
      22 Moses did as Yahweh commanded him; and he took Joshua, and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation:
      23 and he laid his hands on him, and commissioned him, as Yahweh spoke by Moses.

      Nombres 31

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Avenge the children of Israel for the Midianites. Afterward you shall be gathered to your people."
      3 Moses spoke to the people, saying, "Arm men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute Yahweh's vengeance on Midian.
      4 Of every tribe one thousand, throughout all the tribes of Israel, you shall send to the war."
      5 So there were delivered, out of the thousands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for war.
      6 Moses sent them, one thousand of every tribe, to the war, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the vessels of the sanctuary and the trumpets for the alarm in his hand.
      7 They warred against Midian, as Yahweh commanded Moses; and they killed every male.
      8 They killed the kings of Midian with the rest of their slain: Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they killed with the sword.
      9 The children of Israel took captive the women of Midian and their little ones; and all their livestock, and all their flocks, and all their goods, they took for a prey.
      10 All their cities in the places in which they lived, and all their encampments, they burnt with fire.
      11 They took all the spoil, and all the prey, both of man and of animal.
      12 They brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, to Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and to the congregation of the children of Israel, to the camp at the plains of Moab, which are by the Jordan at Jericho.
      13 Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth to meet them outside of the camp.
      14 Moses was angry with the officers of the army, the captains of thousands and the captains of hundreds, who came from the service of the war.
      15 Moses said to them, "Have you saved all the women alive?
      16 Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against Yahweh in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of Yahweh.
      17 Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman who has known man by lying with him.
      18 But all the girls, who have not known man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves.
      19 "Encamp outside of the camp seven days: whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your captives.
      20 As to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, you shall purify yourselves."
      21 Eleazar the priest said to the men of war who went to the battle, "This is the statute of the law which Yahweh has commanded Moses:
      22 however the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead,
      23 everything that may withstand the fire, you shall make to go through the fire, and it shall be clean; nevertheless it shall be purified with the water for impurity: and all that doesn't withstand the fire you shall make to go through the water.
      24 You shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and you shall be clean; and afterward you shall come into the camp."
      25 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      26 "Take the sum of the prey that was taken, both of man and of animal, you, and Eleazar the priest, and the heads of the fathers' households of the congregation;
      27 and divide the prey into two parts: between the men skilled in war, who went out to battle, and all the congregation.
      28 Levy a tribute to Yahweh of the men of war who went out to battle: one soul of five hundred; of the persons, of the cattle, of the donkeys, and of the flocks.
      29 Take it of their half, and give it to Eleazar the priest, for Yahweh's wave offering.
      30 Of the children of Israel's half, you shall take one drawn out of every fifty, of the persons, of the cattle, of the donkeys, and of the flocks, of all the livestock, and give them to the Levites, who perform the duty of the tabernacle of Yahweh."
      31 Moses and Eleazar the priest did as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      32 Now the prey, over and above the booty which the men of war took, was six hundred seventy-five thousand sheep,
      33 and seventy-two thousand head of cattle,
      34 and sixty-one thousand donkeys,
      35 and thirty-two thousand persons in all, of the women who had not known man by lying with him.
      36 The half, which was the portion of those who went out to war, was in number three hundred thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep:
      37 and Yahweh's tribute of the sheep was six hundred seventy-five.
      38 The cattle were thirty-six thousand; of which Yahweh's tribute was seventy-two.
      39 The donkeys were thirty thousand five hundred; of which Yahweh's tribute was sixty-one.
      40 The persons were sixteen thousand; of whom Yahweh's tribute was thirty-two persons.
      41 Moses gave the tribute, which was Yahweh's wave offering, to Eleazar the priest, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      42 Of the children of Israel's half, which Moses divided off from the men who warred
      43 (now the congregation's half was three hundred thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep,
      44 and thirty-six thousand head of cattle,
      45 and thirty thousand five hundred donkeys,
      46 and sixteen thousand persons),
      47 even of the children of Israel's half, Moses took one drawn out of every fifty, both of man and of animal, and gave them to the Levites, who performed the duty of the tabernacle of Yahweh; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      48 The officers who were over the thousands of the army, the captains of thousands, and the captains of hundreds, came near to Moses;
      49 and they said to Moses, "Your servants have taken the sum of the men of war who are under our command, and there lacks not one man of us.
      50 We have brought Yahweh's offering, what every man has gotten, of jewels of gold, armlets, and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces, to make atonement for our souls before Yahweh."
      51 Moses and Eleazar the priest took their gold, even all worked jewels.
      52 All the gold of the wave offering that they offered up to Yahweh, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred fifty shekels.
      53 (The men of war had taken booty, every man for himself.)
      54 Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the Tent of Meeting, for a memorial for the children of Israel before Yahweh.

      Josué 14

      1 These are the inheritances which the children of Israel took in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed to them,

      Josué 17

      4 They came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying, "Yahweh commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brothers." Therefore according to the commandment of Yahweh he gave them an inheritance among the brothers of their father.

      Josué 19

      51 These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance by lot in Shiloh before Yahweh, at the door of the Tent of Meeting. So they made an end of dividing the land.

      Josué 21

      1 Then the heads of fathers' houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel.

      Josué 24

      33 Eleazar the son of Aaron died. They buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill country of Ephraim.

      1 Samuel 7

      1 The men of Kiriath Jearim came, and fetched up the ark of Yahweh, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of Yahweh.

      2 Samuel 23

      9 After him was Eleazar the son of Dodai the son of an Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines who were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away.

      1 Chroniques 6

      3 The children of Amram: Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
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