Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne. Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

FILET

Une dizaine de mots hébr., souvent employés comme synonymes dans l'A.T., s'appliquent à divers engins dont la nature exacte n'est pas toujours connue aujourd'hui, et dont les traductions modernes ne peuvent pas être très rigoureuses. Il s'agit à la fois de pêche et de chasse, car les anciens se servaient de filets pour attraper oiseaux et quadrupèdes aussi bien que poissons ; d'où les termes variables de nos versions : filets, rets, lacet, piège, embûches, etc (Am 3:5, Os 5:1, Esa 8:14, Ps 140:6,141:9 Job 18:8-10, Sir 9:13 etc.)..

Le rêcheth est l'objet qui « saisit », filet qu'on étend ou qu'on cache, devant oiseaux (Pro 1:17, Os 7:12), lion (Eze 19:8), monstre marin (Eze 32:3), et qui au fig. représente l'épreuve (La 1:13), le châtiment de Dieu (Eze 12:13 17:20), l'oeuvre du méchant (Ps 10:9 35:7 et suivant, Pr 29:5).

Le pakh est surtout le filet ou le lacet de l'oiseleur (fig. 86), soit au propre (Pr 7:23, Ecc 9:12), soit au figuré (Os 9:8, Ps 91:3 124:7, Jer 18:23 48:43 s etc.).

Le mokhch désigne l'appât ou piège, surtout pour oiseaux (Am 3:5), mais aussi pour un monstre marin (Job 40:19), et représente au fig. hommes malfaisants (Ex 10:7, Pr 18:7, Job 34:30 etc.), idoles (Ex 23:33 etc.), même la mort (Ps 18:6 =2Sa 22:6), etc.

Le kherém (=objet percé de trous) est le filet à poissons (Eze 26:5,14 47:10), employé aussi au fig. pour la séductrice (Ec 7:26).

Le macmor (= engin couché), et autres termes parents, est destiné à la pêche (Esa 19:8, Hab 1:15 et suivant) et à la chasse (Esa 51:20) ; de même la metsoudâ ou met-sôda (Ps 66:11, Ec 9:12), et la sebâkâ (=treillis, Job 18:8).

Les évangiles mentionnent surtout des filets à pêche (voir Dalman, Itin., p. 180ss).

Le diktuon, terme général, au pluriel, est associé à la vocation des disciples au bord du lac : ce sont leurs filets qu'ils raccommodaient (Mr 1:19, Mt 4:21), lavaient (Lu 5:2), qu'ils jetèrent sur l'ordre du Maître--et ce fut la pêche miraculeuse (Lu 5:4-6), puisqu'ils laissèrent pour suivre Jésus (Mr 1:18, Mt 4:20) ; au singulier c'est le filet, peut-être plus grand, de la deuxième pêche miraculeuse (Jn 21:6,8-11:1).

L' amphiblêstron (Mt 4:18) est le filet qu'on « lance » (verbe amphiballeïn, Mr 1:18), encore couramment employé en Palestine et du reste tout à fait analogue à notre « épervier » : large cône au rebord circulaire lesté de poids, le sommet restant fixé à une corde ; le pêcheur se retendait sur l'épaule et sur le bras gauche et s'attachait la corde au poignet droit, puis d'un certain geste qui déployait en cercle le filet, il le lançait sur l'eau ; les poids l'enfonçaient en emprisonnant les poissons, sur lesquels il se refermait quand on le retirait avec la corde. C'était une pêche de surface ou sur fonds visibles ; Jésus pouvait avoir à la pensée l'attention et l'habileté nécessaires à son maniement quand il appela les Galiléens à devenir à sa suite des « pêcheurs d'hommes ».

La sagène (=seine ou senne, qu'en France on appelle aussi « traîne »), mentionnée seulement dans Mt 13:47, est le long filet qu'on étendait verticalement du rivage à un bateau ou d'un bateau à un autre, et qu'on ramenait lentement sur lui-même soit en cercle fermé, soit à la côte, un bord soutenu par des flotteurs et l'autre lesté raclant le fond. Pour dégager les poids pris dans des algues ou des rochers, les pêcheurs devaient fréquemment plonger ; aussi étaient-ils parfois dévêtus (Jn 21:7). Homère connaissait ce « filet ramasse-tout » (IL, 5:487) ; les Romains l'appelaient « balai » (everriculum)  ; on s'en sert encore aujourd'hui sur les fonds de sable plats (Méditerranée, Gironde, Cornouailles, etc. ; voir une description de Ch. Wagner, L'âme des choses, I).

Opération de vaste envergure, qui, après les efforts soutenus du retour à la rive, aboutit au triage indispensable des poissons comestibles, parmi les animaux et objets de toute espèce ramenés dans le filet ; ce genre de pêche fournit au Seigneur les données de la septième parabole du Royaume (Mt 13:47-50), parallèle à celle de l'ivraie (Mt 13:24-30,36-43), mais qui contient son enseignement particulier : alors que l'une et l'autre illustrent le mélange actuel inévitable des justes et des injustes, celle-ci insiste davantage sur la certitude de l'examen final et définitif, qui sera confié non aux pêcheurs, c-à-d, des hommes, mais aux anges ; tableau très approprié pour la dernière des paraboles du Royaume, où il ne faut pas plus chercher que dans celle de l'ivraie une interdiction de la discipline dans l'Église. Voir Ivraie.

Dans les épîtres, le pagis de Ro 11:9, citation de Ps 69:23, équivaut au pakh de ce passage ; là, comme dans Lu 21:34, il s'agit plutôt du filet du chasseur qui ailleurs est traduit « piège » (1Ti 3:7 etc.). Comp. la « gazelle échappée du filet » (Sir 27:20).

Enfin, le brokhos de 1Co 7:35 évoque les combats du cirque ou de la guerre, soit au filet du rétiaire, soit plus probablement au lacet, sorte de lasso, ou noeud coulant. Voir Pêche, Chasse, Piège.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Exode 10

      7 Pharaoh's servants said to him, "How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve Yahweh, their God. Don't you yet know that Egypt is destroyed?"

      Exode 23

      33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me, for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you."

      2 Samuel 22

      6 The cords of Sheol were around me. The snares of death caught me.

      Job 18

      8 For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he wanders into its mesh.
      9 A snare will take him by the heel. A trap will catch him.
      10 A noose is hidden for him in the ground, a trap for him in the way.

      Job 34

      30 that the godless man may not reign, that there be no one to ensnare the people.

      Job 40

      19 He is the chief of the ways of God. He who made him gives him his sword.

      Psaumes 10

      9 He lurks in secret as a lion in his ambush. He lies in wait to catch the helpless. He catches the helpless, when he draws him in his net.

      Psaumes 18

      6 In my distress I called on Yahweh, and cried to my God. He heard my voice out of his temple. My cry before him came into his ears.

      Psaumes 35

      7 For without cause they have hidden their net in a pit for me. Without cause they have dug a pit for my soul.

      Psaumes 66

      11 You brought us into prison. You laid a burden on our backs.

      Psaumes 69

      23 Let their eyes be darkened, so that they can't see. Let their backs be continually bent.

      Psaumes 91

      3 For he will deliver you from the snare of the fowler, and from the deadly pestilence.

      Psaumes 124

      7 Our soul has escaped like a bird out of the fowler's snare. The snare is broken, and we have escaped.

      Psaumes 140

      6 I said to Yahweh, "You are my God." Listen to the cry of my petitions, Yahweh.

      Psaumes 141

      9 Keep me from the snare which they have laid for me, from the traps of the workers of iniquity.

      Proverbes 1

      17 For in vain is the net spread in the sight of any bird:

      Proverbes 7

      23 Until an arrow strikes through his liver, as a bird hurries to the snare, and doesn't know that it will cost his life.

      Proverbes 18

      7 A fool's mouth is his destruction, and his lips are a snare to his soul.

      Proverbes 29

      5 A man who flatters his neighbor spreads a net for his feet.

      Ecclésiaste 7

      26 I find more bitter than death the woman whose heart is snares and traps, whose hands are chains. Whoever pleases God shall escape from her; but the sinner will be ensnared by her.

      Ecclésiaste 9

      12 For man also doesn't know his time. As the fish that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare, even so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falls suddenly on them.

      Esaïe 8

      14 He will be a sanctuary, but for both houses of Israel, he will be a trap and a snare for the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

      Esaïe 19

      8 The fishermen will lament, and all those who fish in the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will languish.

      Esaïe 51

      20 Your sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as an antelope in a net; they are full of the wrath of Yahweh, the rebuke of your God.

      Jérémie 18

      23 Yet, Yahweh, you know all their counsel against me to kill me; don't forgive their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from your sight; but let them be overthrown before you; deal you with them in the time of your anger.

      Jérémie 48

      43 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are on you, inhabitant of Moab, says Yahweh.

      Lamentations 1

      13 From on high has he sent fire into my bones, and it prevails against them; He has spread a net for my feet, he has turned me back: He has made me desolate and faint all the day.

      Ezéchiel 12

      13 My net also will I spread on him, and he shall be taken in my snare; and I will bring him to Babylon to the land of the Chaldeans; yet shall he not see it, though he shall die there.

      Ezéchiel 17

      20 I will spread my net on him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he has trespassed against me.

      Ezéchiel 19

      8 Then the nations set against him on every side from the provinces; and they spread their net over him; he was taken in their pit.

      Ezéchiel 26

      5 She shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea; for I have spoken it, says the Lord Yahweh; and she shall become a spoil to the nations.
      14 I will make you a bare rock; you shall be a place for the spreading of nets; you shall be built no more: for I Yahweh have spoken it, says the Lord Yahweh.

      Ezéchiel 32

      3 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: I will spread out my net on you with a company of many peoples; and they shall bring you up in my net.

      Ezéchiel 47

      10 It shall happen, that fishermen shall stand by it: from En Gedi even to En Eglaim shall be a place for the spreading of nets; their fish shall be after their kinds, as the fish of the great sea, exceeding many.

      Osée 5

      1 "Listen to this, you priests! Listen, house of Israel, and give ear, house of the king! For the judgment is against you; for you have been a snare at Mizpah, and a net spread on Tabor.

      Osée 7

      12 When they go, I will spread my net on them. I will bring them down like the birds of the sky. I will chastise them, as their congregation has heard.

      Osée 9

      8 A prophet watches over Ephraim with my God. A fowler's snare is on all of his paths, and hostility in the house of his God.

      Amos 3

      5 Can a bird fall in a trap on the earth, where no snare is set for him? Does a snare spring up from the ground, when there is nothing to catch?

      Habacuc 1

      15 He takes up all of them with the hook. He catches them in his net, and gathers them in his dragnet. Therefore he rejoices and is glad.

      Matthieu 4

      18 Walking by the sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers: Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew, his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
      20 They immediately left their nets and followed him.
      21 Going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets. He called them.

      Matthieu 13

      24 He set another parable before them, saying, "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field,
      25 but while people slept, his enemy came and sowed darnel weeds also among the wheat, and went away.
      26 But when the blade sprang up and brought forth fruit, then the darnel weeds appeared also.
      27 The servants of the householder came and said to him, 'Sir, didn't you sow good seed in your field? Where did this darnel come from?'
      28 "He said to them, 'An enemy has done this.' "The servants asked him, 'Do you want us to go and gather them up?'
      29 "But he said, 'No, lest perhaps while you gather up the darnel weeds, you root up the wheat with them.
      30 Let both grow together until the harvest, and in the harvest time I will tell the reapers, "First, gather up the darnel weeds, and bind them in bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn."'"
      36 Then Jesus sent the multitudes away, and went into the house. His disciples came to him, saying, "Explain to us the parable of the darnel weeds of the field."
      47 "Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a dragnet, that was cast into the sea, and gathered some fish of every kind,
      48 which, when it was filled, they drew up on the beach. They sat down, and gathered the good into containers, but the bad they threw away.
      49 So will it be in the end of the world. The angels will come forth, and separate the wicked from among the righteous,
      50 and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth."

      Marc 1

      18 Immediately they left their nets, and followed him.
      19 Going on a little further from there, he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John, his brother, who were also in the boat mending the nets.

      Luc 5

      2 He saw two boats standing by the lake, but the fishermen had gone out of them, and were washing their nets.
      4 When he had finished speaking, he said to Simon, "Put out into the deep, and let down your nets for a catch."
      5 Simon answered him, "Master, we worked all night, and took nothing; but at your word I will let down the net."
      6 When they had done this, they caught a great multitude of fish, and their net was breaking.

      Luc 21

      34 "So be careful, or your hearts will be loaded down with carousing, drunkenness, and cares of this life, and that day will come on you suddenly.

      Jean 11

      1 Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus from Bethany, of the village of Mary and her sister, Martha.

      Jean 21

      6 He said to them, "Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some." They cast it therefore, and now they weren't able to draw it in for the multitude of fish.
      7 That disciple therefore whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It's the Lord!" So when Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he wrapped his coat around him (for he was naked), and threw himself into the sea.
      8 But the other disciples came in the little boat (for they were not far from the land, but about two hundred cubits away), dragging the net full of fish.

      Romains 11

      9 David says, "Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, a stumbling block, and a retribution to them.

      1 Corinthiens 7

      35 This I say for your own profit; not that I may ensnare you, but for that which is appropriate, and that you may attend to the Lord without distraction.

      1 Timothée 3

      7 Moreover he must have good testimony from those who are outside, to avoid falling into reproach and the snare of the devil.
    • Ajouter une colonne
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.