Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne. Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

FRUIT

Dans la plupart des passages, fort nombreux, où ce mot est employé, il est la traduction de l'hébreu péri ou du grec karpos ; dans les autres, il s'agit de quelques termes d'importance secondaire, qu'il est inutile d'énumérer ici, et qu'on trouvera dans le texte original de Job 31:39, Esa 27:6, Hab 3:17, Jer 11:19, Ne 9:2, Da 4:12, Mr 14:25, Ap 18:14, etc.

I Sens littéral.

1. Règne végétal

La Bible parle quelques fois, d'une façon générale, des fruits (Eze 25:4,2Ti 2:6 etc.), ou des fruits de la terre (De 7:13, Sag 16:26, Mr 4:29, Jas 5:18) ; il s'agit de la production soit des céréales (Mt 13:26, Lu 8:8), soit des arbres (Eze 36:30, 1Ma 10:30 14:8, Sir 27:6, Sag 10:7, Mt 12:33), qui sont parfois appelés arbres fruitiers (Ge 1:11, Ps 148:9, Eze 47:12, Ec 2:5), soit en particulier du fruit de l'olivier (Jer 11:16), du figuier (Lu 13:9), le plus souvent de la vigne (Os 10:1 Esa 37:30,1Co 9:7 etc.), enfin des fruits des jardins (Am 9:14, Jer 29:5,28, Ca 4:16). Tous ces produits de la culture faisaient la richesse du pays ; leur abondance marquait sa fertilité, et par là sa prospérité (Esa 37:30 65:21 et suivant, etc.). La législation humanitaire du Deutéronome interdit l'abattage des arbres fruitiers pendant les guerres de siège (De 20:19). La loi lévitique prescrit pour Dieu la dîme des fruits comme de toutes les productions du sol (Le 27:30, Ne 10:37) ; elle déclare incirconcis, c-à-d, impurs, les fruits des trois premières années (c'était aussi un « tabou » chez bien des peuples primitifs), ceux de la quatrième étant destinés à Dieu et les récoltes suivantes à l'usage des particuliers (Le 19:23-25). Voir Alimentation.

2. Règne animal

On trouve, beaucoup plus rarement, les expressions : fruit du bétail (De 28:4,11,51 30:9), une fois fruit du serpent (Esa 14:29), et, pour désigner la descendance humaine, fruit des entrailles (De 7:13, La 2:20, Lu 1:42), des reins (trad. litt, dans Ac 2:30), fruit de la femme, etc. (Sir 23:25, Sag 3:13,15 4:5).

II Sens figuré.

1. Applications morales

L'image des fruits représente fréquemment les effets ou les résultats de l'activité : une fois, le fruit des oeuvres de Dieu (Ps 104:13) ; partout ailleurs, le fruit des oeuvres ou des actions humaines (Esa 3:10, Mic 7:13, Jer 17:10 32:19 etc.), de leurs lèvres (Pr 12:14 13:2 18:20 et suivant), de leur conduite (Jer 6:19, litt. : pensées ; Pr 1:31, litt. : voies), etc. Comme l'arbre, bon ou mauvais, est reconnu à son fruit, ainsi en est-il de l'homme (Mt 7:16-20). Par cette image, la notion primitive de rétribution divine, imposée par un pouvoir extérieur d'une manière absolument indépendante des actes, s'achemine vers la conception éthique qui voit dans les récompenses et les châtiments les résultats nécessaires et inévitables de ces actes, inhérents à eux, issus d'eux en vertu d'un développement naturel, donc en effet leurs propres fruits : le fruit du mensonge (Os 10:13), le fruit du travail (Pr 31:16,31), de la sagesse (Pr 8:19, Sir 1:20 24:17,19 37:22 s Jas 3:17, etc.), de la justice et de la paix (Pr 11:30, Phi 1:11, Heb 12:11, Jas 3:18), de la libéralité (Ro 15:28), de la lumière (Eph 5:9), du pardon des péchés (Esa 27:9), par où nous sommes introduits sur le terrain spécifiquement religieux (ci-dessous, 2).

Un sens voisin est celui d'avantage ou de profit : dans Php 1:22, « quel est le fruit de l'oeuvre » signifie « s'il vaut la peine » ; dans Php 4:17, le « fruit abondant » représente le bénéfice spirituel que les Philippiens doivent retirer de leur bienfaisance (voir verset 10) ; dans Ro 1:13, saint Paul parle de sa récolte spirituelle, produit de ses semailles en divers pays.

Dans Heb 13:15, « le fruit de lèvres qui confessent son nom » (Sg. ; Vers. Syn. : l'hommage) est une tournure hébraïque, les louanges étant présentées à Dieu comme un sacrifice d'actions de grâces. (cf. Os 14:2, Pr 12:14)

2. Leçons spirituelles

Après les prophètes, l'Évangile insiste sur le devoir pour l'homme de produire des fruits pour Dieu, c-à-d, de le servir non par de simples prétentions de paroles (comparées aux feuilles), mais par des actes ; cette leçon ressort de plusieurs paraboles, dont les cadres ne sont pas toujours très cohérents entre eux, mais représentent chacun un aspect particulier de cet appel à une vie spirituelle productive. Jean-Baptiste demande « des fruits dignes d'une vraie repentance » et emprunte ses comparaisons à l'arbre, puis au froment (Mt 3:8,12). Dans la parabole du semeur, Jésus montre l'image du coeur humain dans le sol plus ou moins préparé à recevoir la Parole pour produire du fruit (Mr 4:8-20 et parallèle) ; dans celle du figuier stérile, il souligne la patience de Dieu à attendre les fruits normaux qu'Israël aurait dû porter (Lu 13:6-9), et c'est la fin de cette patience divine qu'annonce au contraire, dans une parabole en action, sa malédiction du figuier stérile (Mr 11:12 et suivants), ou plus exactement du figuier aux fausses promesses (voir Figue). En cette dernière occasion, la faim du Seigneur qui le porte vers l'arbre luxuriant symbolise bien l'attitude de Dieu lui-même, attendant et cherchant les fruits de l'humanité. C'est surtout la parabole des vignerons qui met en évidence cette attente et cette recherche de Dieu, qui sont en même temps l'attente et la recherche du Fils unique et bien-aimé : Ésaïe avait déjà mis en scène la déception de Dieu sur la vigne aux fruits sauvages (Esa 5:1 et suivants), c-à-d, sur le peuple d'Israël ; Jésus met en scène la persévérance de Dieu dans les appels aux vignerons (c-à-d, aux chefs d'Israël), et l'obstination de ceux-ci dans la résistance, jusqu'au meurtre du Fils de Dieu (Mt 21:33 et suivants) ; il conclut qu'il sera donné désormais à une autre nation qu'Israël de « produire les fruits du royaume de Dieu » (verset 43). A ses apôtres, il avait un jour décrit la joie du moissonneur qui « amasse du fruit pour la vie éternelle » : (Jn 4:36) c'était à propos de la femme samaritaine, exemple typique des fruits que son ministère terrestre avait déjà produits chez les humbles.

Lorsqu'aux derniers jours le Seigneur voit encore venir à lui des étrangers : des chercheurs païens (Jn 12:20 et suivants), tandis que les chefs complotent sa mort, le contraste fait jaillir de son âme troublée (verset 27) l'affirmation de la loi du sacrifice : « pour porter beaucoup de fruit, le grain doit mourir ! » (verset 24). Loi qui sans doute va s'appliquer au Sauveur, mais qui s'étendra ensuite à tous ses serviteurs (verset 2).

Avec le 4 e évangile, nous faisons un pas de plus : non seulement le Christ, comme Dieu, attend les fruits, non seulement il s'est sacrifié à la volonté de Dieu pour porter du fruit, mais encore c'est Dieu qui est, en Christ, le Créateur des fruits. Tel est l'enseignement de l'allégorie du vrai cep, dont le point de vue est tout intérieur : ici, le vigneron, c'est son Père ; le cep, c'est le Christ lui-même ; les sarments, ce sont ses fidèles disciples. C'est donc eux, non le Christ, qui vont porter les fruits... à la double condition d'être unis au Christ et d'être purifiés par le Père (Jn 15:1 et suivants). St Paul, qui a connu la vie sans fruits des esclaves du péché (Ro 6:21), décrira pratiquement en quoi consistent les nouveaux fruits : « le fruit de l'Esprit » (le singulier marquant l'unité d'inspiration) : « amour, joie, paix, patience, etc. » (Ga 5:22).

Fruits du péché de l'homme, fruits du sacrifice du Christ, fruits de sa communion : c'est en raccourci l'histoire de la Rédemption. A sa lumière, combien apparaissent grandioses les deux tableaux bibliques entre lesquels elle se trouve encadrée : à l'origine des âges, l'arbre de la vie, et l'arbre au fruit défendu, celui de la connaissance du bien et du mal (Ge 2:9,16 et suivant ; voir Chute) ; dans l'éternité, l'arbre de la vie, aux fruits permanents, destiné à la guérison des nations ! (Ap 22:2)

Jn L.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Genèse 1

      11 God said, "Let the earth yield grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with its seed in it, on the earth"; and it was so.

      Genèse 2

      9 Out of the ground Yahweh God made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the middle of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
      16 Yahweh God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat;

      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Lévitique 19

      23 "'When you come into the land, and have planted all kinds of trees for food, then you shall count their fruit as forbidden. Three years shall they be forbidden to you. It shall not be eaten.
      24 But in the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, for giving praise to Yahweh.
      25 In the fifth year you shall eat its fruit, that it may yield its increase to you. I am Yahweh your God.

      Lévitique 27

      30 "'All the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land or of the fruit of the trees, is Yahweh's. It is holy to Yahweh.

      Néhémie 9

      2 The seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

      Néhémie 10

      37 and that we should bring the first fruits of our dough, and our wave offerings, and the fruit of all kinds of trees, the new wine and the oil, to the priests, to the rooms of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground to the Levites; for they, the Levites, take the tithes in all the cities of our tillage.

      Job 31

      39 if I have eaten its fruits without money, or have caused its owners to lose their life,

      Psaumes 104

      13 He waters the mountains from his rooms. The earth is filled with the fruit of your works.

      Psaumes 148

      9 mountains and all hills; fruit trees and all cedars;

      Proverbes 1

      31 Therefore they will eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own schemes.

      Proverbes 8

      19 My fruit is better than gold, yes, than fine gold; my yield than choice silver.

      Proverbes 11

      30 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life. He who is wise wins souls.

      Proverbes 12

      14 A man shall be satisfied with good by the fruit of his mouth. The work of a man's hands shall be rewarded to him.

      Proverbes 13

      2 By the fruit of his lips, a man enjoys good things; but the unfaithful crave violence.

      Proverbes 18

      20 A man's stomach is filled with the fruit of his mouth. With the harvest of his lips he is satisfied.

      Proverbes 31

      16 She considers a field, and buys it. With the fruit of her hands, she plants a vineyard.
      31 Give her of the fruit of her hands! Let her works praise her in the gates!

      Ecclésiaste 2

      5 I made myself gardens and parks, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit.

      Cantique 4

      16 Awake, north wind; and come, you south! Blow on my garden, that its spices may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and taste his precious fruits. Lover

      Esaïe 3

      10 Tell the righteous "Good!" For they shall eat the fruit of their deeds.

      Esaïe 5

      1 Let me sing for my well beloved a song of my beloved about his vineyard. My beloved had a vineyard on a very fruitful hill.

      Esaïe 14

      29 Don't rejoice, O Philistia, all of you, because the rod that struck you is broken; for out of the serpent's root an adder will emerge, and his fruit will be a fiery flying serpent.

      Esaïe 27

      6 In days to come, Jacob will take root. Israel will blossom and bud. They will fill the surface of the world with fruit.
      9 Therefore by this the iniquity of Jacob will be forgiven, and this is all the fruit of taking away his sin: that he makes all the stones of the altar as chalk stones that are beaten in pieces, so that the Asherim and the incense altars shall rise no more.

      Esaïe 37

      30 This shall be the sign to you. You will eat this year that which grows of itself, and in the second year that which springs from the same; and in the third year sow and reap and plant vineyards, and eat their fruit.

      Esaïe 65

      21 They shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat their fruit.

      Jérémie 6

      19 Hear, earth! Behold, I will bring evil on this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not listened to my words; and as for my law, they have rejected it.

      Jérémie 11

      16 Yahweh called your name, A green olive tree, beautiful with goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he has kindled fire on it, and its branches are broken.
      19 But I was like a gentle lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I didn't know that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let us destroy the tree with its fruit, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.

      Jérémie 17

      10 I, Yahweh, search the mind, I try the heart, even to give every man according to his ways, according to the fruit of his doings.

      Jérémie 29

      5 Build houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat their fruit.
      28 because he has sent to us in Babylon, saying, The captivity is long: build houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat their fruit?

      Jérémie 32

      19 great in counsel, and mighty in work; whose eyes are open on all the ways of the sons of men, to give everyone according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings:

      Lamentations 2

      20 Look, Yahweh, and see to whom you have done thus! Shall the women eat their fruit, the children that are dandled in the hands? Shall the priest and the prophet be killed in the sanctuary of the Lord?

      Ezéchiel 25

      4 therefore, behold, I will deliver you to the children of the east for a possession, and they shall set their encampments in you, and make their dwellings in you; they shall eat your fruit, and they shall drink your milk.

      Ezéchiel 36

      30 I will multiply the fruit of the tree, and the increase of the field, that you may receive no more the reproach of famine among the nations.

      Ezéchiel 47

      12 By the river on its bank, on this side and on that side, shall grow every tree for food, whose leaf shall not wither, neither shall its fruit fail: it shall bring forth new fruit every month, because its waters issue out of the sanctuary; and its fruit shall be for food, and its leaf for healing.

      Daniel 4

      12 The leaves of it were beautiful, and its fruit much, and in it was food for all: the animals of the field had shadow under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.

      Osée 10

      1 Israel is a luxuriant vine that puts forth his fruit. According to the abundance of his fruit he has multiplied his altars. As their land has prospered, they have adorned their sacred stones.
      13 You have plowed wickedness. You have reaped iniquity. You have eaten the fruit of lies, for you trusted in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men.

      Osée 14

      2 Take words with you, and return to Yahweh. Tell him, "Forgive all our sins, and accept that which is good: so we offer our lips like bulls.

      Amos 9

      14 I will bring my people Israel back from captivity, and they will rebuild the ruined cities, and inhabit them; and they will plant vineyards, and drink wine from them. They shall also make gardens, and eat their fruit.

      Michée 7

      13 Yet the land will be desolate because of those who dwell therein, for the fruit of their doings.

      Habacuc 3

      17 For though the fig tree doesn't flourish, nor fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive fails, the fields yield no food; the flocks are cut off from the fold, and there is no herd in the stalls:

      Matthieu 3

      8 Therefore bring forth fruit worthy of repentance!
      12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will thoroughly cleanse his threshing floor. He will gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire."

      Matthieu 7

      16 By their fruits you will know them. Do you gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles?
      17 Even so, every good tree produces good fruit; but the corrupt tree produces evil fruit.
      18 A good tree can't produce evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree produce good fruit.
      19 Every tree that doesn't grow good fruit is cut down, and thrown into the fire.
      20 Therefore by their fruits you will know them.

      Matthieu 12

      33 "Either make the tree good, and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt, and its fruit corrupt; for the tree is known by its fruit.

      Matthieu 13

      26 But when the blade sprang up and brought forth fruit, then the darnel weeds appeared also.

      Matthieu 21

      33 "Hear another parable. There was a man who was a master of a household, who planted a vineyard, set a hedge about it, dug a winepress in it, built a tower, leased it out to farmers, and went into another country.

      Marc 4

      8 Others fell into the good ground, and yielded fruit, growing up and increasing. Some brought forth thirty times, some sixty times, and some one hundred times as much."
      9 He said, "Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear."
      10 When he was alone, those who were around him with the twelve asked him about the parables.
      11 He said to them, "To you is given the mystery of the Kingdom of God, but to those who are outside, all things are done in parables,
      12 that 'seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest perhaps they should turn again, and their sins should be forgiven them.'"
      13 He said to them, "Don't you understand this parable? How will you understand all of the parables?
      14 The farmer sows the word.
      15 The ones by the road are the ones where the word is sown; and when they have heard, immediately Satan comes, and takes away the word which has been sown in them.
    • Ajouter une colonne
Afficher tous les 132 versets relatifs
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.