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GABAON

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Définition biblique de Gabaon :

Ville à identifier avec Ed-Djîb, à 9 km. au Nord-N. -O, de Jérusalem, sur une colline isolée. 

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I. GÉOGRAPHIE.

A identifier avec Ed-Djîb, à 9 km. au Nord-N. -O, de Jérusalem, sur une colline isolée. Au moment de la conquête israélite, la ville appartenait sans doute à une confédération qui comptait en outre Képhira, Bééroth et Kirjath-Jéarim (Jos 9:17). Ses habitants (les Hivvites d'après Jos 9:7, ou des Amoréens d'après 2Sa 21:2) usèrent de ruse avec Josué, qui leur laissa la vie mais les asservit pourtant (Jos 9).

II. HISTOIRE.

C'est de Gabaon à Beth-Horon qu'eut lieu la fameuse bataille pendant laquelle Josué aurait arrêté le soleil Jos 10:9-13). La ville appartint à Benjamin (Jos 18:25) et fut attribuée aux lévites (Jos 21:17). Saül avait tenté d'exterminer tous les Gabaonites ; en retour, et pour conjurer une famine, David livra sept descendants du premier roi israélite, que les gens de Gabaon pendirent (2Sa 21:1-9).

A Gabaon eut lieu le combat entre les partisans des deux rivaux, David et Isboseth (2Sa 2:12-24). C'est aussi là que Joab tua Amasa (2Sa 20:8-10). La « grande pierre » de Gabaon (2Sa 20:8) était probablement l'autel d'un haut-lieu célèbre, sur lequel Salomon sacrifia (1Ro 3:4), près duquel ce roi eut sa première théophanie ou vision de Dieu (1Ro 9:2). La tradition sacerdotale y plaçait même la tente d'assignation. (2Ch 1:3), pour expliquer sans doute la vision et la vogue du haut-lieu.

L'eau était abondante à Gabaon ; on parle d'un étang (2Sa 2:13) ou des « grandes eaux », celles-ci à propos du combat entre gens de Johanan et partisans d'Ismaël, meurtrier de Guédalia. (Jer 41:12) Aujourd'hui encore, à peu de distance de Ed-Djîb, deux grands réservoirs existent qui sont probablement de haute antiquité. De Gabaon, était Hanania le prophète, dont l'activité s'opposa un moment à celle de Jérémie (Jer 28:1). Après l'exil, quatre-vingt-quinze Gabaonites rentrèrent (Ne 7:26) et certains d'entre eux travaillèrent à la reconstruction des murs de Jérusalem (Ne 3:7). A. P.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Josué 9

      1 It happened, when all the kings who were beyond the Jordan, in the hill country, and in the lowland, and on all the shore of the great sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard of it
      2 that they gathered themselves together to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.
      3 But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai,
      4 they also resorted to a ruse, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and wineskins, old and torn and bound up,
      5 and old and patched shoes on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their provision was dry and moldy.
      6 They went to Joshua to the camp at Gilgal, and said to him, and to the men of Israel, "We have come from a far country. Now therefore make a covenant with us."
      7 The men of Israel said to the Hivites, "What if you live among us. How could we make a covenant with you?"
      8 They said to Joshua, "We are your servants." Joshua said to them, "Who are you? Where do you come from?"
      9 They said to him, "Your servants have come from a very far country because of the name of Yahweh your God; for we have heard of his fame, all that he did in Egypt,
      10 and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.
      11 Our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, 'Take provision in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and tell them, "We are your servants. Now make a covenant with us."'
      12 This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we went out to go to you; but now, behold, it is dry, and has become moldy.
      13 These wineskins, which we filled, were new; and behold, they are torn. These our garments and our shoes have become old because of the very long journey."
      14 The men sampled their provisions, and didn't ask counsel from the mouth of Yahweh.
      15 Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The princes of the congregation swore to them.
      16 It happened at the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbors, and that they lived among them.
      17 The children of Israel traveled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim.
      18 The children of Israel didn't strike them, because the princes of the congregation had sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel. All the congregation murmured against the princes.
      19 But all the princes said to all the congregation, "We have sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.
      20 This we will do to them, and let them live; lest wrath be on us, because of the oath which we swore to them."
      21 The princes said to them, "Let them live, so they became wood cutters and drawers of water for all the congregation, as the princes had spoken to them."
      22 Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, "Why have you deceived us, saying, 'We are very far from you,' when you live among us?
      23 Now therefore you are cursed, and some of you will never fail to be bondservants, both wood cutters and drawers of water for the house of my God."
      24 They answered Joshua, and said, "Because your servants were certainly told how Yahweh your God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you. Therefore we were very afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.
      25 Now, behold, we are in your hand. Do to us as it seems good and right to you to do."
      26 He did so to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they didn't kill them.
      27 That day Joshua made them wood cutters and drawers of water for the congregation and for the altar of Yahweh, to this day, in the place which he should choose.

      Josué 10

      1 Now it happened when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;
      2 that they were very afraid, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.
      4 "Come up to me, and help me, and let us strike Gibeon; for it has made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel."
      5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their armies, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it.
      6 The men of Gibeon sent to Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying, "Don't abandon your servants! Come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill country have gathered together against us."
      9 Joshua therefore came on them suddenly. He went up from Gilgal all night.
      10 Yahweh confused them before Israel, and he killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth Horon, and struck them to Azekah and to Makkedah.
      11 It happened, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth Horon, that Yahweh cast down great stones from the sky on them to Azekah, and they died. There were more who died from the hailstones than who the children of Israel killed with the sword.
      12 Then Joshua spoke to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel, "Sun, stand still on Gibeon! You, moon, stop in the valley of Aijalon!"
      13 The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn't this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the midst of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day.
      41 Joshua struck them from Kadesh Barnea even to Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even to Gibeon.

      Josué 11

      19 There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon. They took all in battle.

      Josué 18

      25 Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth,

      Josué 21

      17 Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its suburbs, Geba with its suburbs,

      2 Samuel 2

      12 Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
      13 Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met them by the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.
      14 Abner said to Joab, "Please let the young men arise and play before us!" Joab said, "Let them arise!"
      15 Then they arose and went over by number: twelve for Benjamin, and for Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
      16 They each caught his opponent by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: therefore that place was called Helkath Hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
      17 The battle was very severe that day: and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
      18 The three sons of Zeruiah were there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild gazelle.
      19 Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he didn't turn to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
      20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, "Is it you, Asahel?" He answered, "It is I."
      21 Abner said to him, "Turn aside to your right hand or to your left, and grab one of the young men, and take his armor." But Asahel would not turn aside from following him.
      22 Abner said again to Asahel, "Turn aside from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How then should I hold up my face to Joab your brother?"
      23 However he refused to turn aside. Therefore Abner with the back end of the spear struck him in the body, so that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place. It happened, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
      24 But Joab and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they had come to the hill of Ammah, that lies before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.

      2 Samuel 3

      30 So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

      2 Samuel 20

      8 When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was clothed in his apparel of war that he had put on, and on it was a sash with a sword fastened on his waist in its sheath; and as he went forth it fell out.
      9 Joab said to Amasa, "Is it well with you, my brother?" Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
      10 But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. So he struck him with it in the body, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and didn't strike him again; and he died. Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.

      2 Samuel 21

      1 There was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David sought the face of Yahweh. Yahweh said, "It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites."
      2 The king called the Gibeonites, and said to them (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn to them: and Saul sought to kill them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah);
      3 and David said to the Gibeonites, "What shall I do for you? And with what shall I make atonement, that you may bless the inheritance of Yahweh?"
      4 The Gibeonites said to him, "It is no matter of silver or gold between us and Saul, or his house; neither is it for us to put any man to death in Israel." He said, "Whatever you say, that will I do for you."
      5 They said to the king, "The man who consumed us, and who devised against us, that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the borders of Israel,
      6 let seven men of his sons be delivered to us, and we will hang them up to Yahweh in Gibeah of Saul, the chosen of Yahweh." The king said, "I will give them."
      7 But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of Yahweh's oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.
      8 But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.
      9 He delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the mountain before Yahweh, and all seven of them fell together. They were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest.

      1 Chroniques 6

      60 and out of the tribe of Benjamin, Geba with its suburbs, and Allemeth with its suburbs, and Anathoth with its suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen cities.

      1 Chroniques 8

      29 In Gibeon there lived the father of Gibeon, whose wife's name was Maacah;

      1 Chroniques 9

      35 In Gibeon there lived the father of Gibeon, Jeiel, whose wife's name was Maacah:

      1 Chroniques 12

      4 and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite,

      1 Chroniques 14

      16 David did as God commanded him: and they struck the army of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gezer.

      1 Chroniques 16

      39 and Zadok the priest, and his brothers the priests, before the tabernacle of Yahweh in the high place that was at Gibeon,

      1 Chroniques 21

      29 For the tabernacle of Yahweh, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt offering, were at that time in the high place at Gibeon.

      2 Chroniques 1

      3 So Solomon, and all the assembly with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon; for there was the Tent of Meeting of God, which Moses the servant of Yahweh had made in the wilderness.
      13 So Solomon came from the high place that was at Gibeon, from before the Tent of Meeting, to Jerusalem; and he reigned over Israel.

      Néhémie 3

      7 Next to them, Melatiah the Gibeonite, and Jadon the Meronothite, the men of Gibeon, and of Mizpah, repaired the residence of the governor beyond the River.

      Néhémie 7

      25 The children of Gibeon, ninety-five.
      26 The men of Bethlehem and Netophah, one hundred eighty-eight.

      Esaïe 28

      21 For Yahweh will rise up as on Mount Perazim. He will be angry as in the valley of Gibeon; that he may do his work, his unusual work, and bring to pass his act, his extraordinary act.

      Jérémie 28

      1 It happened the same year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azzur, the prophet, who was of Gibeon, spoke to me in the house of Yahweh, in the presence of the priests and of all the people, saying,

      Jérémie 41

      12 then they took all the men, and went to fight with Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and found him by the great waters that are in Gibeon.
      16 Then took Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces who were with him, all the remnant of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, from Mizpah, after that he had killed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the men of war, and the women, and the children, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought back from Gibeon:
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