Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne. Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

GAD

1.

Septième fils de Jacob.

Sa naissance rappelle, comme celle d'Asser et de Dan, la vieille coutume du lévirat. Mais il ne s'agit ici pour Léa que d'augmenter l'importance de sa descendance. A cet effet, elle s'efface devant Zilpa sa servante. L'enfant qui naquit de Jacob et de Zilpa reçut de Léa le nom de Gad, qui signifie en hébr. : « le bonheur [est venu] » (Ge 30:9, J ; Ge 35:26, P). D'après Esa 65:11, Gad est assimilé à une divinité païenne ; on serait donc tenté de l'assimiler à une sorte de « Fortune » en honneur chez les anciens. L'emprunt n'est nullement impossible : il est courant dans le choix des noms propres (voir Asser). Ge 49:19 célèbre, les vertus militaires des Gadites, en rattachant leur nom à une autre racine signifiant : attaquer. La Bénédiction de Moïse compare Gad à une lionne qui déchire bras et tête (De 33:20) ; les Chroniques caractérisent de même les qualités guerrières de ces gens : soldats « semblables à des lions », qui excellent aussi dans les combats en pays montagneux parce que « prompts comme des gazelles », héroïques jusqu'au sublime, « le plus petit pouvait s'attaquer à cent hommes et le plus grand à mille » (1Ch 12:8 14).

Le cantique de Débora ne donne pas le moindre souvenir de la collaboration des Gadites ; par contre la stèle de Mésa, roi de Moab, mentionne cette tribu. Faut-il en conclure que ce clan ne vint se joindre aux fils de Léa et de Rachel que longtemps après la conquête, ce qui ne diminuerait en rien ses qualités morales ? L'assimilation du nom de Gad a une divinité étrangère, cananéenne, comme c'est aussi le cas pour Asser, Dan et Nephthali, tous fils d'esclaves (Bilha et Zilpa), donne à penser qu'à leur origine il se glissa des éléments étrangers à l'idéal monothéiste ; ce qui a amené l'ethnographie à conclure à la présence de clans non-israélites lors de la marche vers Canaan ou lors de l'occupation du pays.

La liste des familles gadites figure dans Ge 46:16 avec six noms propres ; No 26:15 en mentionne sept, si l'on tient compte qu'Ozni remplacerait Etsbon dans la première généalogie ; dans celle de 1Ch 5:11,17, la confusion est complète. D'après les chiffres de recensements, fortement sujets à caution, dans les passages sacerdotaux, la population de la tribu aurait représenté environ les 6 ou 7 pour cent d'Israël, non compris Lévi (No 1:24 26:18). Les Gadites construisirent huit villes fortes pourvues de parcs à bestiaux (No 32:34,36) ; leur territoire se trouvait à l'Est du Jourdain, borné au Nord par Manassé et au Sud par Ruben (Jos 13:24-28 etc.).

Ils n'y conservèrent pas longtemps leur indépendance : ils subirent le joug des Ammonites jusqu'à ce que le célèbre Jephté les en délivrât ; ils purent exercer plus tard leurs vertus militaires dans la guerre civile déchaînée contre les Éphraïmites, et c'est à cette occasion qu'ils forgèrent le mot de passe : schibboleth (Jug 12:6). Lors du conflit entre David et Saül (1Ch 12:8-15), ils prirent fait et cause pour le premier, mais accomplirent une action héroïque pour soustraire le corps de Saül au déshonneur (1Sa 31:11-13). Le roi Mésa (stèle moabite, 1. 10) eut également maille à partir avec les Gadites, ainsi que les Hagaréniens (1Ch 4:18-22) ; et par Jérémie l'on apprend que les Ammonites occupèrent à nouveau le territoire de ces voisins belliqueux (Jer 48:1). Lorsqu'en 734 Tiglath-Piléser III traita le roi Achaz en ennemi, malgré son tribut volontaire, d'après les inscriptions assyriennes les territoires situés à l'Est du Jourdain tombèrent au pouvoir du potentat de Ninive et il déporta une partie des habitants. (cf. 2Ro 16,2Ch 2Sa 16 à 2Sa 27) Il n'est plus question des Gadites au retour de l'exil. --Voir Tribus d'Israël. P. W.

2.

Prophète appelé « le Voyant » (1Ch 29:29), « le Voyant de David » ou « du roi » (1Ch 21:9,2Ch 20 26,2Sa 24:11), ou « le Prophète » (1Sa 22:5,2Sa 24:11) ; conseiller de David quand celui-ci fuyait Saül (1Sa 22:5) ; lui annonça le châtiment de Dieu pour avoir fait le recensement du peuple et l'engagea à construire un autel pour arrêter la peste (2Sa 24:11,25 1Ch 21:9,27). D'après 1Ch 29:29, il écrivit une relation de l'histoire de David, et avec Nathan l'aida à régler le service musical des Lévites (2Ch 29:25).

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Genèse 30

      9 When Leah saw that she had finished bearing, she took Zilpah, her handmaid, and gave her to Jacob as a wife.

      Genèse 35

      26 The sons of Zilpah (Leah's handmaid): Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

      Genèse 46

      16 The sons of Gad: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.

      Genèse 49

      19 "A troop will press on Gad, but he will press on their heel.

      Nombres 1

      24 Of the children of Gad, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;

      Nombres 26

      15 The sons of Gad after their families: of Zephon, the family of the Zephonites; of Haggi, the family of the Haggites; of Shuni, the family of the Shunites;
      18 These are the families of the sons of Gad according to those who were numbered of them, forty thousand and five hundred.

      Nombres 32

      34 The children of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer,
      36 and Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran: fortified cities, and folds for sheep.

      Josué 13

      24 Moses gave to the tribe of Gad, to the children of Gad, according to their families.
      25 Their border was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the children of Ammon, to Aroer that is before Rabbah;
      26 and from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahanaim to the border of Debir;
      27 and in the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, the Jordan's bank, to the uttermost part of the sea of Chinnereth beyond the Jordan eastward.
      28 This is the inheritance of the children of Gad according to their families, the cities and its villages.

      Juges 12

      6 then they said to him, "Now say 'Shibboleth;'" and he said "Sibboleth"; for he couldn't manage to pronounce it right: then they siezed him, and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. At that time, forty-two thousand of Ephraim fell.

      1 Samuel 22

      5 The prophet Gad said to David, "Don't stay in the stronghold. Depart, and go into the land of Judah." Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

      1 Samuel 31

      11 When the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead heard concerning him that which the Philistines had done to Saul,
      12 all the valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth Shan; and they came to Jabesh, and burnt them there.
      13 They took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

      2 Samuel 16

      1 When David was a little past the top, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of donkeys saddled, and on them two hundred loaves of bread, and one hundred clusters of raisins, and one hundred summer fruits, and a bottle of wine.
      2 The king said to Ziba, What do you mean by these? Ziba said, The donkeys are for the king's household to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as are faint in the wilderness may drink.
      3 The king said, "Where is your master's son?" Ziba said to the king, "Behold, he is staying in Jerusalem; for he said, 'Today the house of Israel will restore me the kingdom of my father.'"
      4 Then the king said to Ziba, "Behold, all that pertains to Mephibosheth is yours." Ziba said, "I do obeisance. Let me find favor in your sight, my lord, O king."
      5 When king David came to Bahurim, behold, a man of the family of the house of Saul came out, whose name was Shimei, the son of Gera. He came out, and cursed still as he came.
      6 He cast stones at David, and at all the servants of king David, and all the people and all the mighty men were on his right hand and on his left.
      7 Shimei said when he cursed, "Be gone, be gone, you man of blood, and base fellow!
      8 Yahweh has returned on you all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose place you have reigned! Yahweh has delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom your son! Behold, you are caught by your own mischief, because you are a man of blood!"
      9 Then Abishai the son of Zeruiah said to the king, "Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? Please let me go over and take off his head."
      10 The king said, "What have I to do with you, you sons of Zeruiah? Because he curses, and because Yahweh has said to him, 'Curse David;' who then shall say, 'Why have you done so?'"
      11 David said to Abishai, and to all his servants, "Behold, my son, who came forth from my bowels, seeks my life. How much more this Benjamite, now? Leave him alone, and let him curse; for Yahweh has invited him.
      12 It may be that Yahweh will look on the wrong done to me, and that Yahweh will repay me good for the cursing of me today."
      13 So David and his men went by the way; and Shimei went along on the hillside opposite him, and cursed as he went, threw stones at him, and threw dust.
      14 The king, and all the people who were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
      15 Absalom, and all the people, the men of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him.
      16 It happened, when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, had come to Absalom, that Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!"
      17 Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this your kindness to your friend? Why didn't you go with your friend?"
      18 Hushai said to Absalom, "No; but whomever Yahweh, and this people, and all the men of Israel have chosen, his will I be, and with him I will stay.
      19 Again, whom should I serve? Shouldn't I serve in the presence of his son? As I have served in your father's presence, so will I be in your presence."
      20 Then Absalom said to Ahithophel, "Give your counsel what we shall do."
      21 Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Go in to your father's concubines, that he has left to keep the house. Then all Israel will hear that you are abhorred by your father. Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong."
      22 So they spread Absalom a tent on the top of the house; and Absalom went in to his father's concubines in the sight of all Israel.
      23 The counsel of Ahithophel, which he gave in those days, was as if a man inquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.

      2 Samuel 24

      11 When David rose up in the morning, the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying,

      1 Chroniques 4

      18 His wife the Jewess bore Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. These are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered took.
      19 The sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
      20 The sons of Shimon: Amnon, and Rinnah, Ben Hanan, and Tilon. The sons of Ishi: Zoheth, and Ben Zoheth.
      21 The sons of Shelah the son of Judah: Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of those who worked fine linen, of the house of Ashbea;
      22 and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. The records are ancient.

      1 Chroniques 5

      11 The sons of Gad lived over against them, in the land of Bashan to Salecah:

      1 Chroniques 12

      8 Of the Gadites there separated themselves to David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valor, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes on the mountains;
      9 Ezer the chief, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,
      10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
      11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
      12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
      13 Jeremiah the tenth, Machbannai the eleventh.
      14 These of the sons of Gad were captains of the army: he who was least was equal to one hundred, and the greatest to one thousand.
      15 These are those who went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.

      1 Chroniques 21

      9 Yahweh spoke to Gad, David's seer, saying,

      1 Chroniques 29

      29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the history of Samuel the seer, and in the history of Nathan the prophet, and in the history of Gad the seer,

      2 Chroniques 20

      26 On the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Beracah; for there they blessed Yahweh: therefore the name of that place was called The valley of Beracah to this day.

      2 Chroniques 29

      25 He set the Levites in the house of Yahweh with cymbals, with stringed instruments, and with harps, according to the commandment of David, and of Gad the king's seer, and Nathan the prophet; for the commandment was of Yahweh by his prophets.

      Esaïe 65

      11 "But you who forsake Yahweh, who forget my holy mountain, who prepare a table for Fortune, and who fill up mixed wine to Destiny;

      Jérémie 48

      1 Of Moab. Thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel: Woe to Nebo! for it is laid waste; Kiriathaim is disappointed, it is taken; Misgab is put to shame and broken down.
    • Ajouter une colonne
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.