GENOU

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Partie du corps humain ; mentionné au sens pr. dans Eze 47:4, Da 10:10 ; il est aussi question de chameaux s'agenouillant (Ge 24:11), tableau caractéristique en Orient.

D'après une antique coutume, l'enfant naissant était reçu sur les genoux de son père (Job 3:12) ; c'est aussi un rite de légitimation ou d'adoption (Ge 30:3 50:23, cf. 48:12). Les genoux de la mère représentent son affection (2Ro 4:20, Esa 66:12, cf. Jug 16:19).

Les genoux de l'homme représentent la force : ils sont les premiers ébranlés par la terreur (Eze 7:17 21:12, Na 2:10, Da 5:6), le souci (Sir 25:23), le jeûne (Ps 109:24), la maladie (peut-être une sorte de lèpre, dans De 28:35) : les raffermir, c'est rassurer et fortifier (Job 4:4, Esa 35:3, Heb 12:12).

Dans l'épreuve de Gédéon, où les trois cents qui portent l'eau à leurs lèvres dans leurs mains sont opposés aux neuf mille sept cents qui se courbent sur leurs genoux, tout ce qu'on peut dire de sûr est que les premiers se montrent en tout cas plus prudents et plus maîtres d'eux-mêmes dans une région en état de guerre (Jug 7:5 et suivants).

Chose curieuse, l'agenouillement est le sens primitif de l'hébreu barak, qui signifie presque toujours bénir ou implorer une bénédiction ; ce verbe si important de l'A. T, a pour substantif bérèk =genou.

En effet, la génuflexion, quoique différente des révérences et prosternations, est comme elles une posture :

1° d'hommage en présence d'un supérieur (Lu 5:8, Mr 10:17 Matthieu 27:29) en montre la parodie ; pour (Ge 41:43), voir Abrek ;

2° de supplication : (2Ro 1:13, Mr 1:40, Mt 17:14) on voit chez les classiques le suppliant agenouillé toucher les genoux ou la barbe de celui qu'il implore ;

3° de prière, mais les exemples en sont bien moins nombreux qu'on ne pourrait croire : Élie au désert (1Ro 18:42), Salomon à la dédicace du Temple (1Ro 8:54), Esdras pour sa grande prière d'humiliation (Esd 9:5), Daniel (Da 6:10), Jésus en l'unique occasion de son agonie en Gethsémané (ce détail spécifié dans le seul évangile écrit par un non-juif : Lu 22:41) ; l'usage juif au Temple et à la synagogue était de prier debout (Mr 11:25, Mt 6:5, Lu 18:11,13 22:46 etc.), et d'après 1Ro 19:18 il semblerait que les génuflexions aient caractérisé le culte de Baal plus que celui de Jéhovah ; après la Pentecôte, la prière à genoux paraît devenir plus fréquente (Ac 7:60 9:40 20:36 21:5, Eph 3:14), et l'on peut supposer que ce fut sous l'influence des cultes non-juifs. Cela donnerait encore plus de valeur aux affirmations universalistes de l'A. T, et du N.T., qui opposent aux agenouillements païens l'adoration du seul vrai Dieu et du Seigneur Jésus-Christ (Ps 95:6, Esa 45:23, Ro 14:11 11:4, Php 2:10).

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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  Genèse 24
  
  11 He made the camels kneel down outside the city by the well of water at the time of evening, the time that women go out to draw water.
  
  Genèse 30
  
  3 She said, "Behold, my maid Bilhah. Go in to her, that she may bear on my knees, and I also may obtain children by her."
  
  Genèse 41
  
  43 and he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had. They cried before him, "Bow the knee!" He set him over all the land of Egypt.
  
  Genèse 50
  
  23 Joseph saw Ephraim's children to the third generation. The children also of Machir, the son of Manasseh, were born on Joseph's knees.
  
  Juges 7
  
  5 So he brought down the people to the water; and Yahweh said to Gideon, "Everyone who laps of the water with his tongue, like a dog laps, you shall set him by himself; likewise everyone who bows down on his knees to drink."
  
  Juges 16
  
  19 She made him sleep on her knees; and she called for a man, and shaved off the seven locks of his head; and she began to afflict him, and his strength went from him.
  
  Esdras 9
  
  5 At the evening offering I arose up from my humiliation, even with my garment and my robe torn; and I fell on my knees, and spread out my hands to Yahweh my God;
  
  Job 3
  
  12 Why did the knees receive me? Or why the breast, that I should nurse?
  
  Job 4
  
  4 Your words have supported him who was falling, You have made firm the feeble knees.
  
  Psaumes 95
  
  6 Oh come, let's worship and bow down. Let's kneel before Yahweh, our Maker,
  
  Psaumes 109
  
  24 My knees are weak through fasting. My body is thin and lacks fat.
  
  Esaïe 35
  
  3 Strengthen the weak hands, and make firm the feeble knees.
  
  Esaïe 45
  
  23 I have sworn by myself, the word has gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and will not return, that to me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall take an oath.
  
  Esaïe 66
  
  12 For thus says Yahweh, "Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream: and you will nurse. You will be carried on her side, and will be dandled on her knees.
  
  Ezéchiel 7
  
  17 All hands shall be feeble, and all knees shall be weak as water.
  
  Ezéchiel 21
  
  12 Cry and wail, son of man; for it is on my people, it is on all the princes of Israel: they are delivered over to the sword with my people; strike therefore on your thigh.
  
  Ezéchiel 47
  
  4 Again he measured one thousand, and caused me to pass through the waters, waters that were to the knees. Again he measured one thousand, and caused me to pass through [the waters], waters that were to the waist.
  
  Daniel 5
  
  6 Then the king's face was changed in him, and his thoughts troubled him; and the joints of his thighs were loosened, and his knees struck one against another.
  
  Daniel 6
  
  10 When Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house (now his windows were open in his room toward Jerusalem) and he kneeled on his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did before.
  
  Daniel 10
  
  10 Behold, a hand touched me, which set me on my knees and on the palms of my hands.
  
  Nahum 2
  
  10 She is empty, void, and waste. The heart melts, the knees knock together, their bodies and faces have grown pale.
  
  Matthieu 6
  
  5 "When you pray, you shall not be as the hypocrites, for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen by men. Most certainly, I tell you, they have received their reward.
  
  Matthieu 17
  
  14 When they came to the multitude, a man came to him, kneeling down to him, saying,
  
  Matthieu 27
  
  29 They braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand; and they kneeled down before him, and mocked him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!"
  
  Marc 1
  
  40 A leper came to him, begging him, kneeling down to him, and saying to him, "If you want to, you can make me clean."
  
  Marc 10
  
  17 As he was going out into the way, one ran to him, knelt before him, and asked him, "Good Teacher, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life?"
  
  Marc 11
  
  25 Whenever you stand praying, forgive, if you have anything against anyone; so that your Father, who is in heaven, may also forgive you your transgressions.
  
  Luc 5
  
  8 But Simon Peter, when he saw it, fell down at Jesus' knees, saying, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord."
  
  Luc 18
  
  11 The Pharisee stood and prayed to himself like this: 'God, I thank you, that I am not like the rest of men, extortioners, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector.
  
  13 But the tax collector, standing far away, wouldn't even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, a sinner!'
  
  Luc 22
  
  41 He was withdrawn from them about a stone's throw, and he knelt down and prayed,
  
  46 and said to them, "Why do you sleep? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation."
  
  Actes 7
  
  60 He kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, "Lord, don't hold this sin against them!" When he had said this, he fell asleep.
  
  Actes 9
  
  40 Peter put them all out, and kneeled down and prayed. Turning to the body, he said, "Tabitha, get up!" She opened her eyes, and when she saw Peter, she sat up.
  
  Actes 20
  
  36 When he had spoken these things, he knelt down and prayed with them all.
  
  Actes 21
  
  5 When it happened that we had accomplished the days, we departed and went on our journey. They all, with wives and children, brought us on our way until we were out of the city. Kneeling down on the beach, we prayed.
  
  Romains 11
  
  4 But how does God answer him? "I have reserved for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal."
  
  Romains 14
  
  11 For it is written, "'As I live,' says the Lord, 'to me every knee will bow. Every tongue will confess to God.'"
  
  Ephésiens 3
  
  14 For this cause, I bow my knees to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
  
  Hébreux 12
  
  12 Therefore lift up the hands that hang down and the feeble knees,

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