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GLOIRE

(hébreu kdbod ; grec doxà). Terme fréquemment employé, dans des sens assez différents. Le terme hébreu dérive d'une racine qui exprime l'idée de pesanteur ; ce rapprochement entre le poids et la gloire a été fait par l'apôtre Paul (2Co 4:17, un poids éternel de gloire). De là découle un premier sens : ce qui recouvre, d'où ornement, parure. Exemples : Mt 6:29, Salomon dans toute sa gloire, c-à-d, revêtu de ses ornements royaux ; Esa 35:2, la gloire du Liban, les forêts de cèdres qui couvrent ses pentes ; Ps 49:17, la gloire d'une maison ; Mt 4:8, Ap 21:26, la gloire des royaumes, des nations, leurs richesses. La chevelure est la gloire de la femme (1Co 11:15) ; la force est la gloire des jeunes gens (Pr 20:29) ; les pères sont la gloire des enfants (Pr 17:8) ; Jéhovah est la gloire d'Israël (Jer 2:11).

De l'idée de richesse et de parure, de ce qui donne de l'éclat, nous en arrivons à l'éclat lui-même. La gloire de Dieu est considérée tout d'abord comme le rayonnement qui se dégage de sa personne, rayonnement qui éblouit, aveugle et inspire à tous crainte, respect, admiration et adoration ; Ézéch, 1:28, une splendeur semblable à celle de l'arc dans la nuée, telle était sa gloire ; Ex 24:17, sa gloire semblait un feu dévorant ; c'est cet éclat qui empêchera Moïse de contempler la face de Jéhovah car nul ne peut la contempler et vivre (Ex 33:18,20). Cf. Lu 2:9, Ac 7:55, Ap 21:23.

Encore un pas, de cette manifestation en quelque sorte physique de la splendeur divine nous arrivons a une conception purement spirituelle : la gloire de Dieu, c'est l'éclat de ses perfections infinies, la révélation de sa sainteté, de sa puissance, de son amour ; et c'est ainsi que si l'homme ne peut contempler cette gloire face à face, du moins elle pourra lui apparaître comme réfléchie par un miroir (2Co 3:18). La gloire divine nous est en effet révélée par l'oeuvre créatrice (Ps 19:2) et en particulier par l'homme formé à l'image de Dieu (2Co 11:7) ; elle transparaît dans les manifestations de sa justice souveraine (Esa 24:23), dans cette sainteté qu'aucune souillure ne saurait atteindre (Esa 6:3), dans son amour rédempteur manifesté en Jésus-Christ (Jn 1:14, Heb 1:3). Chaque étape de l'histoire d'Israël, si pleine de bénédictions et de délivrances, porte comme l'empreinte de la gloire divine. Elle couronne le Sinaï (Ex 24:16), demeure unie aux tables de la loi enfermées dans l'arche (Ps 78:61) ; elle est dans la nuée qui guide la marche au désert (No 14:22), elle remplit le temple (2Ch 7:1), plane sur Sion (Za 2:5).

En Christ, le Seigneur de gloire (1Co 2:8, Jas 2:1), elle ne cesse de se manifester, par sa sainteté (Jn 17:4), ses miracles (Jn 2:11 11:4), lors de sa transfiguration (2Pi 1:17), par sa résurrection (Ro 6:4), et lors du jugement qu'il présidera dans la majesté royale et avec les prérogatives divines (Mt 16:27 25:31). Une autre expression : rendre gloire, ou donner gloire à Dieu (Ro 14:11), signifie : louer, célébrer ses perfections, lui rendre honneur. Le mot grec doxa =renommée, honneur, rend parfaitement le sens à donner au terme gloire dans cette expression fort courante (voir Doxologie). Rendre gloire à Dieu, c'est reconnaître tout d'abord qu'à Lui seul doivent revenir nos hommages (1Ti 1:17), et que c'est à Lui seul que nous sommes redevables de toute grâce (Jn 9:24). Mettre son espoir dans les choses qui viennent du monde, c'est rechercher une vaine gloire (Ga 5:26), gloire qui bientôt sera enlevée (Os 4:7), gloire qui trompe ceux qui s'y confient : (Esa 20:5) toute gloire appartient à l'Éternel, et doit être cherchée en Lui (Jn 5:44,1Th 2:6). Rendre gloire à Dieu ou le glorifier, c'est aussi, à l'exemple du Sauveur, refléter sa gloire en notre propre vie, par nos oeuvres. C'est ainsi que Pierre sera appelé à glorifier Dieu par sa mort (Jn 21:19, cf. 1Co 6:20, Eph 1:12).

La gloire enfin c'est l'état de béatitude dans lequel se trouve Dieu, c'est la splendeur du ciel, récompense promise aux bons serviteurs que le Maître invitera à entrer dans sa joie (Mt 25:21). Cette gloire, héritage promis aux fidèles, Jésus la possédait avant son incarnation (Jn 17:5), elle lui a été rendue après son ascension (Lu 24:26) ; c'est par Jésus que nous sommes appelés à en posséder l'héritage (2Ti 2:10, Col 3:4, Ro 5:2) ; notre corps même participera à cette glorification (1Co 15:43).

Dans Ps 16:9 30:12 57:9, l'hébreu kâbod est rendu dans nos traductions par coeur (Sg.), âme (Vers. Syn.), ou langue (Calvin, Comment, sur Ps.), sans doute parce que l'âme est l'élément supérieur de la personnalité, le reflet de la gloire divine, et la langue l'instrument qui sert à glorifier Dieu. Quant à la dénomination mystérieuse : les Gloires (Jude 8,2Pi 2:11), elle désigne les créatures de l'ordre le plus élevé, c-à-d, les anges. P. B. -M.

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      Exode 24

      16 The glory of Yahweh settled on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days. The seventh day he called to Moses out of the midst of the cloud.
      17 The appearance of the glory of Yahweh was like devouring fire on the top of the mountain in the eyes of the children of Israel.

      Exode 33

      18 He said, "Please show me your glory."
      20 He said, "You cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live."

      Nombres 14

      22 because all those men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I worked in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tempted me these ten times, and have not listened to my voice;

      2 Chroniques 7

      1 Now when Solomon had made an end of praying, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices; and the glory of Yahweh filled the house.

      Psaumes 16

      9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my tongue rejoices. My body shall also dwell in safety.

      Psaumes 19

      2 Day after day they pour forth speech, and night after night they display knowledge.

      Psaumes 30

      12 To the end that my heart may sing praise to you, and not be silent. Yahweh my God, I will give thanks to you forever!

      Psaumes 49

      17 For when he dies he shall carry nothing away. His glory shall not descend after him.

      Psaumes 57

      9 I will give thanks to you, Lord, among the peoples. I will sing praises to you among the nations.

      Psaumes 78

      61 and delivered his strength into captivity, his glory into the adversary's hand.

      Proverbes 17

      8 A bribe is a precious stone in the eyes of him who gives it; wherever he turns, he prospers.

      Proverbes 20

      29 The glory of young men is their strength. The splendor of old men is their gray hair.

      Esaïe 6

      3 One called to another, and said, "Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of Armies! The whole earth is full of his glory!"

      Esaïe 20

      5 They will be dismayed and confounded, because of Ethiopia their expectation, and of Egypt their glory.

      Esaïe 24

      23 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed; for Yahweh of Armies will reign on Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem; and before his elders will be glory.

      Esaïe 35

      2 It will blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and singing. Lebanon's glory Lebanon will be given to it, the excellence of Carmel and Sharon. They will see Yahweh's glory, the excellence of our God.

      Jérémie 2

      11 Has a nation changed its gods, which really are no gods? But my people have changed their glory for that which does not profit.

      Ezéchiel 1

      28 As the appearance of the rainbow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness all around. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh. When I saw it, I fell on my face, and I heard a voice of one that spoke.

      Osée 4

      7 As they were multiplied, so they sinned against me. I will change their glory into shame.

      Zacharie 2

      5 For I,' says Yahweh, 'will be to her a wall of fire around it, and I will be the glory in the midst of her.

      Matthieu 4

      8 Again, the devil took him to an exceedingly high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world, and their glory.

      Matthieu 6

      29 yet I tell you that even Solomon in all his glory was not dressed like one of these.

      Matthieu 16

      27 For the Son of Man will come in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will render to everyone according to his deeds.

      Matthieu 25

      21 "His lord said to him, 'Well done, good and faithful servant. You have been faithful over a few things, I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your lord.'
      31 "But when the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory.

      Luc 2

      9 Behold, an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified.

      Luc 24

      26 Didn't the Christ have to suffer these things and to enter into his glory?"

      Jean 1

      14 The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.

      Jean 2

      11 This beginning of his signs Jesus did in Cana of Galilee, and revealed his glory; and his disciples believed in him.

      Jean 5

      44 How can you believe, who receive glory from one another, and you don't seek the glory that comes from the only God?

      Jean 9

      24 So they called the man who was blind a second time, and said to him, "Give glory to God. We know that this man is a sinner."

      Jean 11

      4 But when Jesus heard it, he said, "This sickness is not to death, but for the glory of God, that God's Son may be glorified by it."

      Jean 17

      4 I glorified you on the earth. I have accomplished the work which you have given me to do.
      5 Now, Father, glorify me with your own self with the glory which I had with you before the world existed.

      Jean 21

      19 Now he said this, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. When he had said this, he said to him, "Follow me."

      Actes 7

      55 But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up steadfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

      Romains 5

      2 through whom we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand. We rejoice in hope of the glory of God.

      Romains 6

      4 We were buried therefore with him through baptism to death, that just like Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also might walk in newness of life.

      Romains 14

      11 For it is written, "'As I live,' says the Lord, 'to me every knee will bow. Every tongue will confess to God.'"

      1 Corinthiens 2

      8 which none of the rulers of this world has known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have crucified the Lord of glory.

      1 Corinthiens 6

      20 for you were bought with a price. Therefore glorify God in your body and in your spirit, which are God's.

      1 Corinthiens 11

      15 But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her, for her hair is given to her for a covering.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      43 It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power.

      2 Corinthiens 3

      18 But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

      2 Corinthiens 4

      17 For our light affliction, which is for the moment, works for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory;

      2 Corinthiens 11

      7 Or did I commit a sin in humbling myself that you might be exalted, because I preached to you God's Good News free of charge?

      Galates 5

      26 Let's not become conceited, provoking one another, and envying one another.

      Ephésiens 1

      12 to the end that we should be to the praise of his glory, we who had before hoped in Christ:

      Colossiens 3

      4 When Christ, our life, is revealed, then you will also be revealed with him in glory.

      1 Thessaloniciens 2

      6 nor seeking glory from men (neither from you nor from others), when we might have claimed authority as apostles of Christ.

      1 Timothée 1

      17 Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, to God who alone is wise, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.

      2 Timothée 2

      10 Therefore I endure all things for the chosen ones' sake, that they also may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.

      Hébreux 1

      3 His Son is the radiance of his glory, the very image of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself made purification for our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

      Jacques 2

      1 My brothers, don't hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ of glory with partiality.

      2 Pierre 1

      17 For he received from God the Father honor and glory, when the voice came to him from the Majestic Glory, "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased."

      2 Pierre 2

      11 whereas angels, though greater in might and power, don't bring a railing judgment against them before the Lord.

      Jude 1

      8 Yet in the same way, these also in their dreaming defile the flesh, despise authority, and slander celestial beings.

      Apocalypse 21

      23 The city has no need for the sun, neither of the moon, to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.
      26 and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it so that they may enter.
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