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GUERSOM

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L'un des deux fils de Moïse et de Séphora (Ex 2:22 18:3).

C'est à propos de Guersom que Ex 4:25 et suivant (J), dans un texte mystérieux et difficile à interpréter, nous donne un des trois récits hébreux de l'institution de la circoncision (cf. Ge 17 et Jos 5). Jug 18 raconte comment le fils de Guersom, Jonathan, devint, ainsi que sa descendance, prêtre de Da Mais lorsque, par la suite, on s'aperçut que ce culte avec éphod et image taillée était contraire aux règles établies plus tard, on s'efforça de supprimer le scandale en substituant à la mention de Guersom fils de Moïse celle de : Guersom fils de Manassé.

Guersom et son frère Éliézer sont encore mentionnés par le Chroniste à propos des cérémonies religieuses instituées par David (1Ch 23:14 26:24). 1Ch 6:16 confond Guersom et Guerson.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Genèse 17

      1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, Yahweh appeared to Abram, and said to him, "I am God Almighty. Walk before me, and be blameless.
      2 I will make my covenant between me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly."
      3 Abram fell on his face. God talked with him, saying,
      4 "As for me, behold, my covenant is with you. You will be the father of a multitude of nations.
      5 Neither will your name any more be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham; for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations.
      6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make nations of you. Kings will come out of you.
      7 I will establish my covenant between me and you and your seed after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God to you and to your seed after you.
      8 I will give to you, and to your seed after you, the land where you are traveling, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. I will be their God."
      9 God said to Abraham, "As for you, you will keep my covenant, you and your seed after you throughout their generations.
      10 This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your seed after you. Every male among you shall be circumcised.
      11 You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin. It will be a token of the covenant between me and you.
      12 He who is eight days old will be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he who is born in the house, or bought with money from any foreigner who is not of your seed.
      13 He who is born in your house, and he who is bought with your money, must be circumcised. My covenant will be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
      14 The uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant."
      15 God said to Abraham, "As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but her name will be Sarah.
      16 I will bless her, and moreover I will give you a son by her. Yes, I will bless her, and she will be a mother of nations. Kings of peoples will come from her."
      17 Then Abraham fell on his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, "Will a child be born to him who is one hundred years old? Will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth?"
      18 Abraham said to God, "Oh that Ishmael might live before you!"
      19 God said, "No, but Sarah, your wife, will bear you a son. You shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his seed after him.
      20 As for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He will become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.
      21 But my covenant I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year."
      22 When he finished talking with him, God went up from Abraham.
      23 Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house, and all who were bought with his money; every male among the men of Abraham's house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the same day, as God had said to him.
      24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
      25 Ishmael, his son, was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
      26 In the same day both Abraham and Ishmael, his son, were circumcised.
      27 All the men of his house, those born in the house, and those bought with money of a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

      Exode 2

      22 She bore a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, "I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land."

      Exode 4

      25 Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me."

      Exode 18

      3 and her two sons. The name of one son was Gershom, for Moses said, "I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land".

      Josué 5

      1 It happened, when all the kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard how that Yahweh had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we had passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.
      2 At that time, Yahweh said to Joshua, "Make flint knives, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time."
      3 Joshua made himself flint knives, and circumcised the children of Israel at the hill of the foreskins.
      4 This is the reason Joshua circumcised: all the people who came out of Egypt, who were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt.
      5 For all the people who came out were circumcised; but all the people who were born in the wilderness by the way as they came out of Egypt had not been circumcised.
      6 For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, until all the nation, even the men of war who came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they didn't listen to the voice of Yahweh. Yahweh swore to them that he wouldn't let them see the land which Yahweh swore to their fathers that he would give us, a land flowing with milk and honey.
      7 Their children, whom he raised up in their place, were circumcised by Joshua; for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised them on the way.
      8 It happened, when they were done circumcising all the nation, that they stayed in their places in the camp until they were healed.
      9 Yahweh said to Joshua, "Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you." Therefore the name of that place was called Gilgal, to this day.
      10 The children of Israel encamped in Gilgal. They kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month at evening in the plains of Jericho.
      11 They ate unleavened cakes and parched grain of the produce of the land on the next day after the Passover, in the same day.
      12 The manna ceased on the next day, after they had eaten of the produce of the land. The children of Israel didn't have manna any more; but they ate of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year.
      13 It happened, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man stood in front of him with his sword drawn in his hand. Joshua went to him, and said to him, "Are you for us, or for our adversaries?"
      14 He said, "No; but I have come now as commander of Yahweh's army." Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and worshipped, and said to him, "What does my lord say to his servant?"
      15 The prince of Yahweh's army said to Joshua, "Take your shoes off of your feet; for the place on which you stand is holy." Joshua did so.

      Juges 18

      1 In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought an inheritance to dwell in; for to that day, their inheritance had not fallen to them among the tribes of Israel.
      2 The children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said to them, "Go, explore the land!" They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.
      3 When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; and they turned aside there, and said to him, "Who brought you here? What do you do in this place? What do you have here?"
      4 He said to them, "Thus and thus has Micah dealt with me, and he has hired me, and I am become his priest."
      5 They said to him, "Please ask counsel of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous."
      6 The priest said to them, "Go in peace. Your way in which you go is before Yahweh."
      7 Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people who were therein, how they lived in security, in the way of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was none in the land, possessing authority, that might put them to shame in anything, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with any man.
      8 They came to their brothers to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brothers said to them, "What do you say?"
      9 They said, "Arise, and let us go up against them; for we have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Do you stand still? Don't be slothful to go and to enter in to possess the land.
      10 When you go, you shall come to a secure people, and the land is large; for God has given it into your hand, a place where there is no want of anything that is in the earth."
      11 There set forth from there of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men girt with weapons of war.
      12 They went up, and encamped in Kiriath Jearim, in Judah: therefore they called that place Mahaneh Dan, to this day; behold, it is behind Kiriath Jearim.
      13 They passed there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.
      14 Then the five men who went to spy out the country of Laish answered, and said to their brothers, "Do you know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and an engraved image, and a molten image? Now therefore consider what you have to do."
      15 They turned aside there, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even to the house of Micah, and asked him of his welfare.
      16 The six hundred men girt with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.
      17 The five men who went to spy out the land went up, and came in there, and took the engraved image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men girt with weapons of war.
      18 When these went into Micah's house, and fetched the engraved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said to them, "What are you doing?"
      19 They said to him, "Hold your peace, put your hand on your mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?"
      20 The priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the engraved image, and went in the midst of the people.
      21 So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the livestock and the goods before them.
      22 When they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.
      23 They cried to the children of Dan. They turned their faces, and said to Micah, "What ails you, that you come with such a company?"
      24 He said, "You have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and have gone away, and what more do I have? How then do you say to me, 'What ails you?'"
      25 The children of Dan said to him, "Don't let your voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows fall on you, and you lose your life, with the lives of your household."
      26 The children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.
      27 They took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came to Laish, to a people quiet and secure, and struck them with the edge of the sword; and they burnt the city with fire.
      28 There was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lies by Beth Rehob. They built the city, and lived therein.
      29 They called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born to Israel: however the name of the city was Laish at the first.
      30 The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.
      31 So they set them up Micah's engraved image which he made, all the time that God's house was in Shiloh.

      1 Chroniques 6

      16 The sons of Levi: Gershom, Kohath, and Merari.

      1 Chroniques 23

      14 But as for Moses the man of God, his sons were named among the tribe of Levi.
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