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IGNORANCE

Dans l'A.T. La connaissance du vrai Dieu est très souvent identifiée avec la vraie religion et la piété ; inversement, l'ignorance est souvent synonyme d'irréligion et d'impiété. Comme telle, elle est considérée comme coupable. Cependant, la responsabilité de l'ignorant dans le domaine religieux n'est pas entière dans tous les cas ; l'impiété est parfois involontaire. Le pardon peut alors être accordé moyennant certains sacrifices expiatoires (Le 4, No 15:22,32).

Dans le N.T. Jésus aussi reconnaît que le péché est parfois commis par ignorance, ou sans que le pécheur se rende compte de toute la gravité de la transgression. Dans ce cas, même le péché contre le Fils de l'homme peut être remis (Mt 12:32, Lu 12:10). C'est ce qui explique la prière de Jésus pour ses bourreaux sur la croix : « Père, pardonne-leur, car ils ne savent ce qu'ils font ».

--Pour (Lu 23:34) les apôtres Pierre et Paul l'ignorance, absolue ou relative, est également une circonstance atténuante. Voir par ex. ce que dit saint Paul soit à propos de lui-même (1Ti 1:13), soit à propos de l'humanité païenne tout entière (dans son discours à l'Aréopage, Ac 17:30), ou encore à propos des « princes de ce siècle » (1Co 2:8). Assurément, les « princes de ce siècle » ont gravement péché, par incrédulité, par jalousie, par haine contre Jésus ; mais le préjugé, hérité de leurs parents, qui les empêchait de croire que le Messie promis pût se manifester sous les traits d'un simple artisan, a été pour beaucoup dans leur attitude injuste et violente à l'égard de Jésus. S'ils l'eussent connu vraiment, tel qu'il était, « ils n'auraient pas crucifié le Seigneur de gloire » (1Co 2:8). C'est aussi ce que veut dire saint Pierre dans son discours aux Juifs de Jérusalem, quand il reconnaît qu'il y a eu pour le peuple d'Israël et pour ses chefs des « temps d'ignorance » (Ac 3:17) qui atténuent la gravité de leur crime contre Jésus. Mais l'ignorance peut être coupable : c'est quand elle procède d'un obscurcissement volontaire et progressif de la conscience, du sens moral et spirituel, par manque de bonne volonté, de docilité à l'égard de la volonté de Dieu. C'est ce qu'affirment également Jésus et l'apôtre Paul (Mr 3:29, Ro 11:8 et suivants, Eph 4:18). La culpabilité peut alors augmenter jusqu'à rendre impossible tout pardon, dans le cas du péché contre le Saint-Esprit (Mt 12:32, Mr 3:29, Lu 12:10,1Jn 5:16). Voir Péché. M. M.

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      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Nombres 15

      22 "'When you shall err, and not observe all these commandments, which Yahweh has spoken to Moses,
      32 While the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day.

      Matthieu 12

      32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither in this age, nor in that which is to come.

      Marc 3

      29 but whoever may blaspheme against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin"

      Luc 12

      10 Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but those who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.

      Luc 23

      34 Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they don't know what they are doing." Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.

      Jean 5

      16 For this cause the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill him, because he did these things on the Sabbath.

      Actes 3

      17 "Now, brothers , I know that you did this in ignorance, as did also your rulers.

      Actes 17

      30 The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. But now he commands that all people everywhere should repent,

      Romains 11

      8 According as it is written, "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day."

      1 Corinthiens 2

      8 which none of the rulers of this world has known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have crucified the Lord of glory.

      Ephésiens 4

      18 being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts;

      1 Timothée 1

      13 although I was before a blasphemer, a persecutor, and insolent. However, I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief.

      1 Jean 5

      16 If anyone sees his brother sinning a sin not leading to death, he shall ask, and God will give him life for those who sin not leading to death. There is a sin leading to death. I don't say that he should make a request concerning this.
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