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JOAB

(=JHVH est père).

1. Fils de Tséruja soeur de David (2Sa 2:18 17:25,1Ch 2:16), frère d'Abisaï. Il partagea l'existence aventureuse de David en butte à la jalouse inimitié du roi Saül. Puis David, monté sur le trône, fit de Joab son général en chef. A ce titre il combattit Ammon, Aram (2Sa 10:13 11:1), Édom (1Ro 11:15 et suivant). Après avoir obtenu la rentrée en grâce d'Absalom, il demeura fidèle à son roi quand ce fils dénaturé fomenta son insurrection, que Joab contribua largement à réprimer. Partisan d'Adonija comme successeur de David, il fut tué, sur l'ordre de Salomon, par Bénaja, le nouveau général, qui n'hésita pas à le frapper sur « les cornes » de l'autel (1Ro 2:28-35) ; une tradition (1Ro 2:5 et suivant) attribue à David mourant l'initiative de ce meurtre.

A la fois intrépide et habile jusqu'à la ruse, Joab représente bien une époque de moeurs encore rudes et même violentes. C'est à lui, après David, qu'Israël dut alors sa prépondérance sur les peuples voisins. Dévoué jusqu'au crime (2Sa 11:14 et suivants) au roi son oncle, s'effaçant à propos derrière lui (2Sa 12:26 et suivant), il occupa la première place à la cour et sut exercer un véritable empire sur le monarque (2Sa 11:21 14) ; il fut, peut-on dire, plus royaliste que le roi, lorsqu'il tua Absalom de sa main, parce qu'ainsi l'exigeaient la cause même de la royauté et la terrible nécessité créée par l'insurgé ; Joab sut ensuite représenter à David combien sa douleur paternelle devait céder à ses devoirs d'homme d'État. Jalousé, il se débarrassa sans scrupule de son rival, Abner, général de Saül, et plus tard frappa de même son propre cousin, Amasa, général de Salomon, lorsque celui-ci demanda à faire sa. soumission. Même lorsque Joab contrariait la politique de David, comme dans la répression de la révolte de Séba, le roi ne savait pas lui imposer sa volonté (2Sa 20) ; tout au plus le maudissait-il (2Sa 3:29,39).

2. Descendant de Juda (1Ch 4:14).

3. Chef d'une famille revenue de l'exil avec Zorobabel (Esd 2:6 8:9 Ne 7:11)

JQ- M.

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      2 Samuel 2

      18 The three sons of Zeruiah were there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild gazelle.

      2 Samuel 3

      29 Let it fall on the head of Joab, and on all his father's house. Let there not fail from the house of Joab one who has an issue, or who is a leper, or who leans on a staff, or who falls by the sword, or who lacks bread."

      2 Samuel 10

      13 So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him.

      2 Samuel 11

      14 It happened in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
      21 who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn't a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?' then you shall say, 'Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.'"

      2 Samuel 12

      26 Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

      2 Samuel 20

      1 There happened to be there a base fellow, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew the trumpet, and said, "We have no portion in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse. Every man to his tents, Israel!"
      2 So all the men of Israel went up from following David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri; but the men of Judah joined with their king, from the Jordan even to Jerusalem.
      3 David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in custody, and provided them with sustenance, but didn't go in to them. So they were shut up to the day of their death, living in widowhood.
      4 Then the king said to Amasa, "Call me the men of Judah together within three days, and be here present."
      5 So Amasa went to call the men of Judah together; but he stayed longer than the set time which he had appointed him.
      6 David said to Abishai, "Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom did. Take your lord's servants, and pursue after him, lest he get himself fortified cities, and escape out of our sight."
      7 There went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men; and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.
      8 When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was clothed in his apparel of war that he had put on, and on it was a sash with a sword fastened on his waist in its sheath; and as he went forth it fell out.
      9 Joab said to Amasa, "Is it well with you, my brother?" Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
      10 But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. So he struck him with it in the body, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and didn't strike him again; and he died. Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.
      11 There stood by him one of Joab's young men, and said, "He who favors Joab, and he who is for David, let him follow Joab!"
      12 Amasa lay wallowing in his blood in the midst of the highway. When the man saw that all the people stood still, he carried Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a garment over him, when he saw that everyone who came by him stood still.
      13 When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.
      14 He went through all the tribes of Israel to Abel, and to Beth Maacah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him.
      15 They came and besieged him in Abel of Beth Maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood against the rampart; and all the people who were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.
      16 Then a wise woman cried out of the city, "Hear, hear! Please say to Joab, 'Come near here, that I may speak with you.'"
      17 He came near to her; and the woman said, "Are you Joab?" He answered, "I am." Then she said to him, "Hear the words of your handmaid." He answered, "I do hear."
      18 Then she spoke, saying, "They were used to say in old times, 'They shall surely ask counsel at Abel;' and so they settled it.
      19 I am among those who are peaceable and faithful in Israel. You seek to destroy a city and a mother in Israel. Why will you swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?"
      20 Joab answered, "Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy.
      21 The matter is not so. But a man of the hill country of Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, has lifted up his hand against the king, even against David. Deliver him only, and I will depart from the city." The woman said to Joab, "Behold, his head shall be thrown to you over the wall."
      22 Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. Joab returned to Jerusalem to the king.
      23 Now Joab was over all the army of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites;
      24 and Adoram was over the men subject to forced labor; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;
      25 and Sheva was scribe; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests;
      26 and also Ira the Jairite was chief minister to David.

      1 Chroniques 2

      16 and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.

      1 Chroniques 4

      14 Meonothai became the father of Ophrah: and Seraiah became the father of Joab the father of Ge Harashim; for they were craftsmen.

      Esdras 2

      6 The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred twelve.

      Esdras 8

      9 Of the sons of Joab, Obadiah the son of Jehiel; and with him two hundred and eighteen males.

      Néhémie 7

      11 The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred eighteen.
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