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JONATHAN

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(=JHVH a donné).

1. Fils aîné du roi Saül ; était déjà adulte quand son père devint roi. Ce fut un fait d'armes de Jonathan, la surprise par lui infligée à la garnison philistine de Guibéa, qui donna le signal de la délivrance du joug étranger (1Sa 13:3 et suivant). Une grande victoire sur les Philistins fut ensuite remportée à Micmas, sur l'initiative hardie de Jonathan. On racontait que Saül, à l'insu de son fils, avait fait jurer à l'armée de ne prendre aucune nourriture avant qu'il eût tiré pleine vengeance de ses ennemis ; Jonathan ayant goûté un peu de miel et le sort sacré l'ayant ensuite désigné comme coupable d'avoir enfreint le serment de son père, allait être mis à mort, lorsque la vox populi s'éleva en faveur de celui à qui était due la victoire. 1Sa 14 donne de ces moeurs guerrières un tableau des plus colorés, précieux pour l'histoire de la civilisation en Israël. Par la suite, on sait seulement que Jonathan devint l'intime ami de David, ce qui prête à force développements (1Sa 18:3 19:1-7 20) ; cette amitié inspira à David son fameux « cantique de l'arc » (2Sa 1:19-27), un des plus anciens poèmes hébraïques de quelque étendue après le cantique de Débora. David s'y montre inconsolable de la mort de Jonathan, tombé en même temps que Saül, victime des Philistins, sur les montagnes de Guilboa. En mémoire de son ami, David usa de bienveillance envers Mérib-Baal (=Méphiboseth), fils de Jonathan (2Sa 9, cf. 1Ch 8:34).

2. Fils de Guersom, donc descendant de Moïse (Jug 18:30), en qui la vieille tradition voit le Lévite engagé comme « prêtre et père » par. Mica en Éphraïm (Jug 17:10), mais emmené ensuite en la même qualité par les Danites (Jug 18:19 et suivants).

3. Fils d'Abiathar, qui rendit des services à David. (2Sa 15:27,36 17:17,20,1Ro 1:42)

4. Guerrier de David (2Sa 23:32,1Ch 11:34).

5. Receveur de finances de David (1Ch 27:25)

6. Neveu de David (2Sa 21:21,1Ch 20:7).

7. Parent de David : son oncle ? (1Ch 27:32)

8. Descendant de Juda (1Ch 2:32 et suivant).

9. Père du chef de famille Ébed (Esd 8:6).

10. Lévite sous Josaphat (2Ch 17:8).

11. Secrétaire chez qui Jérémie fut emprisonné (Jer 37:15,20 38:26) ; peut-être =le chef de bande de Jer 40:8.

12. Chef de famille sacerdotale sous Jojakim (Ne 12:14).

13. Autre chef sacerdotal (Ne 12:18).

14. Lévite revenu de l'exil avec Zorobabel (Ne 12:11) ; probablement =Johanan (verset 22).

15. Fils d'Asaël ; voir (Esd 10:15) Jahzia.

16. Chef sacerdotal sous Néhémie (Ne 12:35) ; un prêtre Jonathan aurait à côté de lui prononcé une prière publique, d'après 2Ma 1:23.

17. Le plus jeune des quatre frères Macchabées, fils du prêtre Mattathias (2Ma 8:22,1Ma 5:24,55) ; Jonathan Macchabée succéda à son frère Judas (1Ma 9:28) et joua un grand rôle à la tête des Juifs (ch. 9 à 13) ; voir Macchabées.

18. Chef d'armée sous Simon Macchabée (1Ma 13:11).

19. Fils d'un Siméi le Grand (Tob 5:14).

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Juges 17

      10 Micah said to him, "Dwell with me, and be to me a father and a priest, and I will give you ten pieces of silver per year, a suit of clothing, and your food." So the Levite went in.

      Juges 18

      19 They said to him, "Hold your peace, put your hand on your mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?"
      30 The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.

      1 Samuel 13

      3 Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba: and the Philistines heard of it. Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, "Let the Hebrews hear!"

      1 Samuel 14

      1 Now it fell on a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side." But he didn't tell his father.
      2 Saul stayed in the uttermost part of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people who were with him were about six hundred men;
      3 and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn't know that Jonathan was gone.
      4 Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
      5 The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmash, and the other on the south in front of Geba.
      6 Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that Yahweh will work for us; for there is no restraint on Yahweh to save by many or by few."
      7 His armor bearer said to him, "Do all that is in your heart. Turn and, behold, I am with you according to your heart."
      8 Then Jonathan said, "Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.
      9 If they say thus to us, 'Wait until we come to you!' then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up to them.
      10 But if they say this, 'Come up to us!' then we will go up; for Yahweh has delivered them into our hand. This shall be the sign to us."
      11 Both of them revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, "Behold, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes where they had hidden themselves!"
      12 The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, "Come up to us, and we will show you something!" Jonathan said to his armor bearer, "Come up after me; for Yahweh has delivered them into the hand of Israel."
      13 Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.
      14 That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow's length in an acre of land.
      15 There was a trembling in the camp, in the field, and among all the people; the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled; and the earth quaked: so there was an exceeding great trembling.
      16 The watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and behold, the multitude melted away, and scattered.
      17 Then Saul said to the people who were with him, "Count now, and see who is missing from us." When they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there.
      18 Saul said to Ahijah, "Bring the ark of God here." For the ark of God was with the children of Israel at that time.
      19 It happened, while Saul talked to the priest, that the tumult that was in the camp of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said to the priest, "Withdraw your hand!"
      20 Saul and all the people who were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle: and behold, every man's sword was against his fellow: a very great confusion.
      21 Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines as before, and who went up with them into the camp, from all around, even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
      22 Likewise all the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hill country of Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.
      23 So Yahweh saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over by Beth Aven.
      24 The men of Israel were distressed that day; for Saul had adjured the people, saying, "Cursed is the man who eats any food until it is evening, and I am avenged of my enemies." So none of the people tasted food.
      25 All the people came into the forest; and there was honey on the ground.
      26 When the people had come to the forest, behold, the honey dropped: but no man put his hand to his mouth; for the people feared the oath.
      27 But Jonathan didn't hear when his father commanded the people with the oath: therefore he put forth the end of the rod who was in his hand, and dipped it in the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.
      28 Then one of the people answered, and said, "Your father directly commanded the people with an oath, saying, 'Cursed is the man who eats food this day.'" The people were faint.
      29 Then Jonathan said, "My father has troubled the land. Please look how my eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.
      30 How much more, if perhaps the people had eaten freely today of the spoil of their enemies which they found? For now has there been no great slaughter among the Philistines."
      31 They struck of the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon. The people were very faint;
      32 and the people flew on the spoil, and took sheep, and cattle, and calves, and killed them on the ground; and the people ate them with the blood.
      33 Then they told Saul, saying, "Behold, the people are sinning against Yahweh, in that they eat meat with the blood." He said, "You have dealt treacherously. Roll a large stone to me this day!"
      34 Saul said, "Disperse yourselves among the people, and tell them, 'Bring me here every man his ox, and every man his sheep, and kill them here, and eat; and don't sin against Yahweh in eating meat with the blood.'" All the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and killed them there.
      35 Saul built an altar to Yahweh. This was the first altar that he built to Yahweh.
      36 Saul said, "Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and take spoil among them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them." They said, "Do whatever seems good to you." Then the priest said, "Let us draw near here to God."
      37 Saul asked counsel of God, "Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you deliver them into the hand of Israel?" But he didn't answer him that day.
      38 Saul said, "Draw near here, all you chiefs of the people; and know and see in which this sin has been this day.
      39 For, as Yahweh lives, who saves Israel, though it is in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die." But there was not a man among all the people who answered him.
      40 Then he said to all Israel, "You be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side." The people said to Saul, "Do what seems good to you."
      41 Therefore Saul said to Yahweh, the God of Israel, "Show the right." Jonathan and Saul were chosen; but the people escaped.
      42 Saul said, "Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son." Jonathan was selected.
      43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, "Tell me what you have done!" Jonathan told him, and said, "I certainly did taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in my hand; and behold, I must die."
      44 Saul said, "God do so and more also; for you shall surely die, Jonathan."
      45 The people said to Saul, "Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! As Yahweh lives, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he has worked with God this day!" So the people rescued Jonathan, that he didn't die.
      46 Then Saul went up from following the Philistines; and the Philistines went to their own place.
      47 Now when Saul had taken the kingdom over Israel, he fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines: and wherever he turned himself, he defeated them.
      48 He did valiantly, and struck the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of those who despoiled them.
      49 Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were these: the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal:
      50 and the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam the daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the captain of his army was Abner the son of Ner, Saul's uncle.
      51 Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel.
      52 There was severe war against the Philistines all the days of Saul: and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him to him.

      1 Samuel 18

      3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

      2 Samuel 1

      19 "Your glory, Israel, is slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen!
      20 Don't tell it in Gath. Don't publish it in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
      21 You mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew nor rain on you, neither fields of offerings; For there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, The shield of Saul was not anointed with oil.
      22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, Jonathan's bow didn't turn back. Saul's sword didn't return empty.
      23 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles. They were stronger than lions.
      24 You daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet delicately, who put ornaments of gold on your clothing.
      25 How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan is slain on your high places.
      26 I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
      27 How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!"

      2 Samuel 9

      1 David said, "Is there yet any who is left of the house of Saul, that I may show him kindness for Jonathan's sake?"
      2 There was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba, and they called him to David; and the king said to him, "Are you Ziba?" He said, "Your servant is he."
      3 The king said, "Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may show the kindness of God to him?" Ziba said to the king, "Jonathan has yet a son, who is lame of his feet."
      4 The king said to him, "Where is he?" Ziba said to the king, "Behold, he is in the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, in Lo Debar."
      5 Then king David sent, and fetched him out of the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, from Lo Debar.
      6 Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, and fell on his face, and showed respect. David said, "Mephibosheth." He answered, "Behold, your servant!"
      7 David said to him, "Don't be afraid of him; for I will surely show you kindness for Jonathan your father's sake, and will restore to you all the land of Saul your father. You shall eat bread at my table continually."
      8 He bowed down, and said, "What is your servant, that you should look on such a dead dog as I am?"
      9 Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's servant, and said to him, "All that pertained to Saul and to all his house have I given to your master's son.
      10 You shall till the land for him, you, and your sons, and your servants; and you shall bring in the harvest, that your master's son may have bread to eat: but Mephibosheth your master's son shall eat bread always at my table." Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.
      11 Then Ziba said to the king, "According to all that my lord the king commands his servant, so your shall servant do." So Mephibosheth ate at the king's table, like one of the king's sons.
      12 Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Mica. All that lived in the house of Ziba were servants to Mephibosheth.
      13 So Mephibosheth lived in Jerusalem; for he ate continually at the king's table. He was lame in both his feet.

      2 Samuel 15

      27 The king said also to Zadok the priest, "Aren't you a seer? Return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz your son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.

      2 Samuel 21

      21 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David's brother, killed him.

      2 Samuel 23

      32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

      1 Chroniques 2

      32 The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.

      1 Chroniques 8

      34 The son of Jonathan was Merib Baal; and Merib Baal became the father of Micah.

      1 Chroniques 11

      34 the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite,

      1 Chroniques 20

      7 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother killed him.

      1 Chroniques 27

      25 Over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the treasures in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah:
      32 Also Jonathan, David's uncle, was a counselor, a man of understanding, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons:

      2 Chroniques 17

      8 and with them the Levites, even Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebadiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobijah, and Tobadonijah, the Levites; and with them Elishama and Jehoram, the priests.

      Esdras 8

      6 Of the sons of Adin, Ebed the son of Jonathan; and with him fifty males.

      Esdras 10

      15 Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahzeiah the son of Tikvah stood up against this; and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them.

      Néhémie 12

      11 and Joiada became the father of Jonathan, and Jonathan became the father of Jaddua.
      14 of Malluchi, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph;
      18 of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan;
      35 and certain of the priests' sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;

      Jérémie 37

      15 The princes were angry with Jeremiah, and struck him, and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made that the prison.
      20 Now please hear, my lord the king: please let my supplication be presented before you, that you not cause me to return to the house of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there.

      Jérémie 38

      26 then you shall tell them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan's house, to die there.

      Jérémie 40

      8 then they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.
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