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JUGEMENT

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Plusieurs religions ont reconnu le caractère moral de Dieu, mais aucune ne l'a saisi dans sa plénitude comme Israël.

C'est pourquoi, si l'on rencontre dans plusieurs religions l'idée du jugement divin, elle n'est nulle part aussi essentielle qu'en Israël et dans la prédication de ses prophètes. Pour ceux-ci, il est impossible qu'un peuple (le peuple élu comme un autre) méconnaisse les justes lois de Dieu sans encourir son jugement.

La vie des nations est subordonnée à un certain nombre de nécessités morales qu'elles ne peuvent pas enfreindre sans se perdre. Les empires s'écroulent qui ne respectent pas les lois du Dieu trois fois saint (cf. textes nombreux, par ex. Esa 3:9 et suivants, Jer 8:11 et suivants). Au temps de l'exil Ézéchiel a appliqué ces mêmes conclusions aux individus (Eze 18). Puis dans les siècles qui suivirent, la foi au Dieu juste et saint fit naître et se développer considérablement l'idée du jugement dernier. Les prophètes avaient déjà parlé du « jour » de l'Éternel (Am 5:18) et du jugement à venir (Esa 3:13, Eze 34:17, Mal 3:5 etc.). Mais c'est surtout à partir de l'exil que ces pensées se sont développées (Ps 96:10 98:9, Da 7:9 et suivants et les apocryphes de l'A.T.).

Jésus dans ses discours apocalyptiques (Mt 25:31 et suivants), dans ses avertissements (Mt 10:28 13:40 ss) et dans plusieurs exhortations (Mt 7:21 10:32 et suivant, etc.), a scellé de son approbation la prédication des prophètes anciens.

De même saint Paul : (1Th 3:13 5:23,1Co 1:8 5:13,2Co 1:14 5:10, Ro 2:5,16, Phil 1:6,10 2:16).

Ce sont toutes ces affirmations de l'Écriture qui nous rendent attentifs à la grande pensée du jugement divin présent (Jn 3:19) et du jugement à venir, souvent appelé « le jugement dernier » (Jésus l'a décrit sous forme imagée dans le tableau de Mt 25:31,46). Mais dès les prophètes (Os 11:8 et suivant) la pensée de la miséricorde de Dieu est venue pénétrer celle de son jugement, non pas pour la diminuer mais pour la transfigurer. Et la vie, le message, la mort et la victoire de notre Sauveur nous ont fait considérer ce jugement dans la sainte lumière que répand le nom de Père, révélé en Jésus-Christ.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Psaumes 96

      10 Say among the nations, "Yahweh reigns." The world is also established. It can't be moved. He will judge the peoples with equity.

      Psaumes 98

      9 Let them sing before Yahweh, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.

      Esaïe 3

      9 The look of their faces testify against them. They parade their sin like Sodom. They don't hide it. Woe to their soul! For they have brought disaster upon themselves.
      13 Yahweh stands up to contend, and stands to judge the peoples.

      Jérémie 8

      11 They have healed the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace.

      Ezéchiel 18

      1 The word of Yahweh came to me again, saying,
      2 What do you mean, that you use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?
      3 As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, you shall not have [occasion] any more to use this proverb in Israel.
      4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins, he shall die.
      5 But if a man is just, and does that which is lawful and right,
      6 and has not eaten on the mountains, neither has lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither has defiled his neighbor's wife, neither has come near to a woman in her impurity,
      7 and has not wronged any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
      8 he who has not given forth on interest, neither has taken any increase, who has withdrawn his hand from iniquity, has executed true justice between man and man,
      9 has walked in my statutes, and has kept my ordinances, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, says the Lord Yahweh.
      10 If he fathers a son who is a robber, a shedder of blood, and who does any one of these things,
      11 and who does not any of those [duties], but even has eaten on the mountains, and defiled his neighbor's wife,
      12 has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,
      13 has given forth on interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be on him.
      14 Now, behold, if he fathers a son, who sees all his father's sins, which he has done, and fears, and does not such like;
      15 who has not eaten on the mountains, neither has lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, has not defiled his neighbor's wife,
      16 neither has wronged any, has not taken anything to pledge, neither has taken by robbery, but has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
      17 who has withdrawn his hand from the poor, who has not received interest nor increase, has executed my ordinances, has walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.
      18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, robbed his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he shall die in his iniquity.
      19 Yet you say, Why doesn't the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son has done that which is lawful and right, and has kept all my statutes, and has done them, he shall surely live.
      20 The soul who sins, he shall die: the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son; the righteousness of the righteous shall be on him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be on him.
      21 But if the wicked turn from all his sins that he has committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      22 None of his transgressions that he has committed shall be remembered against him: in his righteousness that he has done he shall live.
      23 Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked? says the Lord Yahweh; and not rather that he should return from his way, and live?
      24 But when the righteous turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and does according to all the abominations that the wicked man does, shall he live? None of his righteous deeds that he has done shall be remembered: in his trespass that he has trespassed, and in his sin that he has sinned, in them shall he die.
      25 Yet you say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, house of Israel: Is my way not equal? Aren't your ways unequal?
      26 When the righteous man turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and dies therein; in his iniquity that he has done shall he die.
      27 Again, when the wicked man turns away from his wickedness that he has committed, and does that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.
      28 Because he considers, and turns away from all his transgressions that he has committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      29 Yet the house of Israel says, "The way of the Lord is not fair." House of Israel, aren't my ways fair? Aren't your ways unfair?
      30 Therefore I will judge you, house of Israel, everyone according to his ways, says the Lord Yahweh. Return, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.
      31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, in which you have transgressed; and make yourself a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, house of Israel?
      32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him who dies, says the Lord Yahweh: therefore turn yourselves, and live.

      Ezéchiel 34

      17 As for you, O my flock, thus says the Lord Yahweh: Behold, I judge between sheep and sheep, the rams and the male goats.

      Daniel 7

      9 I saw until thrones were placed, and one who was ancient of days sat: his clothing was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, [and] its wheels burning fire.

      Osée 11

      8 "How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned within me, my compassion is aroused.

      Amos 5

      18 "Woe to you who desire the day of Yahweh! Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? It is darkness, and not light.

      Malachie 3

      5 I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the perjurers, and against those who oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and who deprive the foreigner of justice, and don't fear me," says Yahweh of Armies.

      Matthieu 7

      21 Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven; but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.

      Matthieu 10

      28 Don't be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.
      32 Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, him I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven.

      Matthieu 13

      40 As therefore the darnel weeds are gathered up and burned with fire; so will it be at the end of this age.

      Matthieu 25

      31 "But when the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory.
      46 These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life."

      Jean 3

      19 This is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light; for their works were evil.

      Romains 2

      5 But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath, revelation, and of the righteous judgment of God;
      16 in the day when God will judge the secrets of men, according to my Good News, by Jesus Christ.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      8 who will also confirm you until the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

      2 Corinthiens 1

      14 as also you acknowledged us in part, that we are your boasting, even as you also are ours, in the day of our Lord Jesus.

      Philippiens 1

      6 being confident of this very thing, that he who began a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ.
      10 so that you may approve the things that are excellent; that you may be sincere and without offense to the day of Christ;

      Philippiens 2

      16 holding up the word of life; that I may have something to boast in the day of Christ, that I didn't run in vain nor labor in vain.

      1 Thessaloniciens 3

      13 to the end he may establish your hearts blameless in holiness before our God and Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints.
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