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LINGE

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Dans les passages de nos versions françaises où se trouve ce mot, qui signifie étymologiquement : toile de lin, il est possible que ce sens primitif doive être conservé. Dans Jn 13:4, il représente précisément le latin linteum conservé par l'évangéliste dans le grec lention : il s'agit d'un linge de ménage, sorte de serviette.

Et la traduction : linceul, qui dérive aussi du nom du lin, représente dans Mt 27:59 à propos de la mort du Seigneur, le grec sindôn, rendu par drap dans Mr 14:51 à propos du jeune fugitif, et qui probablement équivaut à l'hébreu sâdim, nom d'un linge de prix (Pr 31:24) pouvant être employé pour des tuniques (Jug 14:12 et suivant), mousselines (Esa 3:23, Sg. : chemises fines), etc.

Le soudarion est aussi un mot grec du N.T. calqué sur le latin (sudarium, d'où suaire), et il peut s'appliquer soit à des linges en général (Ac 19:12) soit à un certain genre de linge en particulier, serviette (Lu 19:20) ou linceul (Jn 11:44).

Le grec othonia prend aussi ce dernier sens dans le 4 e évangile (Jn 19:40 20:5,6,7) ; dans Ac 10:11, othonè est exactement une nappe. Toutes les applications bibliques de ces termes grecs sont amplement confirmées par les papyrus trouvés en Egypte, le pays dont les tisseurs de lin étaient les plus réputés du monde ancien : les manufactures de fin lin (othonion) y étaient un monopole d'État ; ces linges (othonia) servaient couramment à envelopper les momies ; on parle d'envelopper un cadavre dans un sindôn de lin de 20 drachmes, ou dans un sindôn reconnaissable à sa couleur rosé à l'intérieur ; dans deux contrats de mariage des II e et III e siècle, le soudarion est mentionné comme linge de corps faisant partie de la dot, etc. (VGT, pp. 43g, 575, 581). Voir Lin.

--Dans la plupart des passages de l'A. T, où nos traductions modernes emploient le terme générique d'étoffe, pour désigner habits, tapis ou tentures faits de matériaux divers, les termes hébreux sous-entendent précisément la nature de la matière première (lin, laine, etc.) et en désignent seulement un aspect : la broderie, la couleur (voir ces mots) : pourpre, cramoisi, etc. (Ex 25:4 35:6,35, Esa 19:9, Eze 16:13 etc.), le luxe (Eze 27:20), etc.

--Pour la fabrication des linges, étoffes, voir Filage et tissage ; pour leur utilisation, voir Vêtement.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 25

      4 blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, goats' hair,

      Exode 35

      6 blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, goats' hair,
      35 He has filled them with wisdom of heart, to work all kinds of workmanship, of the engraver, of the skillful workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of those who do any workmanship, and of those who make skillful works.

      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Juges 14

      12 Samson said to them, "Let me tell you a riddle now. If you can declare it to me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing;

      Proverbes 31

      24 She makes linen garments and sells them, and delivers sashes to the merchant.

      Esaïe 3

      23 the hand mirrors, the fine linen garments, the tiaras, and the shawls.

      Esaïe 19

      9 Moreover those who work in combed flax, and those who weave white cloth, will be confounded.

      Ezéchiel 16

      13 Thus you were decked with gold and silver; and your clothing was of fine linen, and silk, and embroidered work; you ate fine flour, and honey, and oil; and you were exceeding beautiful, and you prospered to royal estate.

      Ezéchiel 27

      20 Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.

      Matthieu 27

      59 Joseph took the body, and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,

      Marc 14

      51 A certain young man followed him, having a linen cloth thrown around himself, over his naked body. The young men grabbed him,

      Luc 19

      20 Another came, saying, 'Lord, behold, your mina, which I kept laid away in a handkerchief,

      Jean 11

      44 He who was dead came out, bound hand and foot with wrappings, and his face was wrapped around with a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Free him, and let him go."

      Jean 13

      4 arose from supper, and laid aside his outer garments. He took a towel, and wrapped a towel around his waist.

      Jean 19

      40 So they took Jesus' body, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.

      Jean 20

      5 Stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths lying, yet he didn't enter in.

      Actes 10

      11 He saw heaven opened and a certain container descending to him, like a great sheet let down by four corners on the earth,

      Actes 19

      12 so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and the evil spirits went out.
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