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MACÉDOINE

Le pays ainsi nommé dans le N.T. était alors une province romaine. L'ancien royaume de Philippe II et d'Alexandre le Grand, auquel il est fait allusion dans les livres apocryphes de l'A.T. (1Ma 1:1 6:2 8:5,2Ma 8:20, Add. Est 6:10,14), avait disparu depuis environ deux siècles. Après la victoire du consul romain L. Paul-Émile sur le roi Persée à la bataille de Pydna (168 av. J. -C), la Macédoine avait été d'abord divisée en quatre districts jouissant d'une certaine indépendance administrative ; mais bientôt, à la suite de la révolte d'Andriscus, soi-disant fils de Persée, le préteur Metellus avait réduit le pays en province romaine (148 av. J. -C). La Grèce ne tarda pas à subir le même sort, deux ans plus tard, sous le nom d'Achaïe, le consul L. Mummius ayant détruit Corinthe (146). Au temps de l'empire, la Macédoine fut une province d'abord sénatoriale, ensuite impériale (sous Tibère), enfin de nouveau sénatoriale (sous Claude), qui comprenait, outre la région de l'ancienne Macédoine, différentes parties de l'Illyrie, de l'Épire et de la Thessalie ; elle s'étendait à l'Est jusqu'au fleuve Nestus qui la séparait de la Thrace, touchait au Nord-O, aux montagnes de Scardus, à l'Ouest à la mer Adriatique, au Sud à la province d'Achaïe et à la mer Egée. Thessalonique en était la capitale, où résidait le proconsul (le titre complet du gouverneur d'une province impériale était : legatus Augusti pro Proetore)  ; les villes principales étaient Pella, Pélagonia et les suivantes, nommées dans le N.T. : Philippes, Néapolis, Amphipolis, Apollonie et Bérée (voir ces mots). Au pied des montagnes, deux vastes plaines fertiles, arrosées par de nombreuses rivières, dont les plus importantes, l'Axius (aujourd'hui Vardar) et le Strymon (aujourd'hui Struma), se jettent dans la mer Egée, à l'Ouest et à l'Est de la presqu'île Chalcidique.

Les habitants étaient braves, rudes, fiers, fidèles ; d'après Renan, « la Macédoine était peut-être la région la plus honnête, la plus sérieuse, la plus saine du monde antique... Les Macédoniens furent le peuple de l'antiquité qui ressembla le plus aux Romains » (S Paul, 1869, p. 136). La grande voie Egnatienne traversait de part en part tout le pays, de la Thrace jusqu'à Dyrrachium, port sur la mer Adriatique. Ce fut cette via Egnatia que saint Paul et ses compagnons suivirent lors du deuxième voyage missionnaire, de Néapolis à Thessalonique, en passant par Amphipolis et Apollonie (Ac 16 Ac 17:1 et suivants). Ils s'étaient sentis conduits d'En-haut à évangéliser cette province, à la suite du célèbre appel du Macédonien apparu à Paul dans une vision pendant son séjour à Troas (Ac 16:9 et suivant ; voir Luc, parag. 4 ; Paul [ses voyages], parag. III). Plus tard, l'apôtre visita à deux reprises les Églises qu'il avait fondées (Ac 19:21 20:1,6). Les ép. aux Thessaloniciens et aux Philippiens témoignent de l'attachement de saint Paul pour ses chers frères de la Macédoine, qui lui procurèrent beaucoup de joie par leur fidélité à l'Évangile, leur amour fraternel et leur générosité (1Th 1:3-8 3:6-9 4:9 et suivant, 2Th 1:3-8, Php 4:10-15, cf. 2Co 8:1,5).

Autres passages du N.T. qui nomment la Macédoine ou les Macédoniens : Ac 18:5 1Co 16:5, 2Co 1:16 2:13 7:5 9:2-4 11:9 Ro 15:26.

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      Esther 6

      10 Then the king said to Haman, "Hurry and take the clothing and the horse, as you have said, and do this for Mordecai the Jew, who sits at the king's gate. Let nothing fail of all that you have spoken."
      14 While they were yet talking with him, the king's eunuchs came, and hurried to bring Haman to the banquet that Esther had prepared.

      Actes 16

      1 He came to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a Jewess who believed; but his father was a Greek.
      2 The brothers who were at Lystra and Iconium gave a good testimony about him.
      3 Paul wanted to have him go out with him, and he took and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts; for they all knew that his father was a Greek.
      4 As they went on their way through the cities, they delivered the decrees to them to keep which had been ordained by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem.
      5 So the assemblies were strengthened in the faith, and increased in number daily.
      6 When they had gone through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, they were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia.
      7 When they had come opposite Mysia, they tried to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit didn't allow them.
      8 Passing by Mysia, they came down to Troas.
      9 A vision appeared to Paul in the night. There was a man of Macedonia standing, begging him, and saying, "Come over into Macedonia and help us."
      10 When he had seen the vision, immediately we sought to go out to Macedonia, concluding that the Lord had called us to preach the Good News to them.
      11 Setting sail therefore from Troas, we made a straight course to Samothrace, and the day following to Neapolis;
      12 and from there to Philippi, which is a city of Macedonia, the foremost of the district, a Roman colony. We were staying some days in this city.
      13 On the Sabbath day we went forth outside of the city by a riverside, where we supposed there was a place of prayer, and we sat down, and spoke to the women who had come together.
      14 A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, one who worshiped God, heard us; whose heart the Lord opened to listen to the things which were spoken by Paul.
      15 When she and her household were baptized, she begged us, saying, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and stay." So she persuaded us.
      16 It happened, as we were going to prayer, that a certain girl having a spirit of divination met us, who brought her masters much gain by fortune telling.
      17 Following Paul and us, she cried out, "These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to us a way of salvation!"
      18 She was doing this for many days. But Paul, becoming greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, "I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!" It came out that very hour.
      19 But when her masters saw that the hope of their gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas, and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers.
      20 When they had brought them to the magistrates, they said, "These men, being Jews, are agitating our city,
      21 and set forth customs which it is not lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans."
      22 The multitude rose up together against them, and the magistrates tore their clothes off of them, and commanded them to be beaten with rods.
      23 When they had laid many stripes on them, they threw them into prison, charging the jailer to keep them safely,
      24 who, having received such a command, threw them into the inner prison, and secured their feet in the stocks.
      25 But about midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them.
      26 Suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken; and immediately all the doors were opened, and everyone's bonds were loosened.
      27 The jailer, being roused out of sleep and seeing the prison doors open, drew his sword and was about to kill himself, supposing that the prisoners had escaped.
      28 But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, "Don't harm yourself, for we are all here!"
      29 He called for lights and sprang in, and, fell down trembling before Paul and Silas,
      30 and brought them out and said, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?"
      31 They said, "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved, you and your household."
      32 They spoke the word of the Lord to him, and to all who were in his house.
      33 He took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes, and was immediately baptized, he and all his household.
      34 He brought them up into his house, and set food before them, and rejoiced greatly, with all his household, having believed in God.
      35 But when it was day, the magistrates sent the sergeants, saying, "Let those men go."
      36 The jailer reported these words to Paul, saying, "The magistrates have sent to let you go; now therefore come out, and go in peace."
      37 But Paul said to them, "They have beaten us publicly, without a trial, men who are Romans, and have cast us into prison! Do they now release us secretly? No, most certainly, but let them come themselves and bring us out!"
      38 The sergeants reported these words to the magistrates, and they were afraid when they heard that they were Romans,
      39 and they came and begged them. When they had brought them out, they asked them to depart from the city.
      40 They went out of the prison, and entered into Lydia's house. When they had seen the brothers, they encouraged them, and departed.

      Actes 17

      1 Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a Jewish synagogue.

      Actes 18

      5 But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was compelled by the Spirit, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.

      Actes 19

      21 Now after these things had ended, Paul determined in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, "After I have been there, I must also see Rome."
      22 Having sent into Macedonia two of those who served him, Timothy and Erastus, he himself stayed in Asia for a while.

      Actes 20

      1 After the uproar had ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, took leave of them, and departed to go into Macedonia.
      3 When he had spent three months there, and a plot was made against him by Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he determined to return through Macedonia.
      6 We sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas in five days, where we stayed seven days.

      Romains 15

      26 For it has been the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints who are at Jerusalem.

      1 Corinthiens 16

      5 But I will come to you when I have passed through Macedonia, for I am passing through Macedonia.

      2 Corinthiens 1

      16 and by you to pass into Macedonia, and again from Macedonia to come to you, and to be sent forward by you on my journey to Judea.

      2 Corinthiens 2

      13 I had no relief for my spirit, because I didn't find Titus, my brother, but taking my leave of them, I went out into Macedonia.

      2 Corinthiens 7

      5 For even when we had come into Macedonia, our flesh had no relief, but we were afflicted on every side. Fightings were outside. Fear was inside.

      2 Corinthiens 8

      1 Moreover, brothers, we make known to you the grace of God which has been given in the assemblies of Macedonia;

      2 Corinthiens 9

      2 for I know your readiness, of which I boast on your behalf to them of Macedonia, that Achaia has been prepared for a year past. Your zeal has stirred up very many of them.

      2 Corinthiens 11

      9 When I was present with you and was in need, I wasn't a burden on anyone, for the brothers, when they came from Macedonia, supplied the measure of my need. In everything I kept myself from being burdensome to you, and I will continue to do so.

      Philippiens 4

      15 You yourselves also know, you Philippians, that in the beginning of the Good News, when I departed from Macedonia, no assembly shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving but you only.

      1 Thessaloniciens 1

      3 remembering without ceasing your work of faith and labor of love and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, before our God and Father.
      4 We know, brothers loved by God, that you are chosen,
      5 and that our Good News came to you not in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Spirit, and with much assurance. You know what kind of men we showed ourselves to be among you for your sake.
      6 You became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit,
      7 so that you became an example to all who believe in Macedonia and in Achaia.
      8 For from you the word of the Lord has been declared, not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place your faith toward God has gone out; so that we need not to say anything.

      1 Thessaloniciens 4

      10 for indeed you do it toward all the brothers who are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brothers, that you abound more and more;

      2 Thessaloniciens 1

      3 We are bound to always give thanks to God for you, brothers, even as it is appropriate, because your faith grows exceedingly, and the love of each and every one of you towards one another abounds;
      4 so that we ourselves boast about you in the assemblies of God for your patience and faith in all your persecutions and in the afflictions which you endure.
      5 This is an obvious sign of the righteous judgment of God, to the end that you may be counted worthy of the Kingdom of God, for which you also suffer.
      6 Since it is a righteous thing with God to repay affliction to those who afflict you,
      7 and to give relief to you who are afflicted with us, when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his mighty angels in flaming fire,
      8 giving vengeance to those who don't know God, and to those who don't obey the Good News of our Lord Jesus,

      1 Timothée 1

      3 As I urged you when I was going into Macedonia, stay at Ephesus that you might command certain men not to teach a different doctrine,
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