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MORT

Dans la Bible, ce mot possède plusieurs sens, qu'il faut examiner successivement.

I Dans l'A.T.

1.

Le sens le plus habituel est évidemment celui de cessation de la vie. Mais qu'est-ce qui meurt ? est-ce la personnalité tout entière, ou seulement l'une de ses parties ? Rappelons ce qu'était l'être humain aux yeux des Hébreux. L'A. T, présente deux conceptions anthropologiques. L'une divise l'homme en deux éléments, le corps et l'âme (à laquelle on donne aussi le nom d'esprit) ; cette âme représente le principe de vie et s'identifie presque avec le sang ; lorsque l'âme se sépare du corps, la mort survient, soit immédiatement, soit au plus tard lors de la décomposition du corps. C'est l'âme qui descend au Cheol. L'autre conception ne fait que développer le récit de Ge 2:4-3:22. (cf. Ge 2:7: l'Éternel... souffla dans ses narines un souffle de vie et l'homme devint une âme vivante) L'homme est composé de trois éléments : le corps, l'âme et l'esprit ; l'esprit, c'est le souffle divin indispensable à la vie ; (cf. Hab 2:19) l'âme privée de cet esprit meurt aussitôt et le Cheol l'accueille, mais l'esprit ne meurt jamais, il quitte le corps et retourne à Dieu ; voir (Ps 146:4, Ec 12:9) Esprit.

2.

Que devient l'âme dans le séjour des morts ? (voir Eschatologie, Cheol). Notons d'abord que l'A. T, n'emploie jamais le terme d'âme ou d'esprit pour désigner les morts ; dans le Cheol n'existent que des ombres (1Sa 28:13 dit même « un dieu »). La condition de ces ombres est décrite de deux façons nettement distinctes :

(a) les morts sont dans un état d'activité considérable et de pleine conscience. Ils sont appelés en hébreu ideônim, litt. « ceux qui savent », les initiés, familiers avec les choses d'outre-tombe, et auxquels on peut demander conseils ou précieuses informations. (cf. Le 19:31 20:6, Esa 8:10 19:3, où nos versions traduisent par esprits, devins, avenir) Un exemple frappant de cette croyance est fourni par la scène de nécromancie d'En-Dor (1Sa 28).

(b) Les morts sont dans un état d'inconscience, d'oubli et de silence (Ps 88:12 94:17 115:17 etc.). Ceux qui descendent au Cheol n'ont plus aucune communion avec Dieu (Esa 38), ils sont plongés dans un repos inconscient (Job 3:17, Ec 9:10 etc.).

3.

Pourquoi la mort existe-t-elle ? Cette question devait inévitablement se poser. L'A. T, présente souvent la mort comme une punition du péché et de l'injustice. Toutefois, dans un passage comme De 30:15,19, la force des antithèses employées (vie et mort, bien et mal) montre qu'il s'agit d'un fait dont le sens ne correspond pas exactement à la mort naturelle ; de même dans Eze 18:4 et Pr 15:10. Lorsque la mort est représentée comme un châtiment, il s'agit en réalité d'une expérience religieuse intime qui dépasse les conditions de la présente vie. D'ailleurs rappelons-nous la belle expression : « mourir de la mort du juste » (No 23:10, cf. Ps 116:15, Pr 14:32, etc.), qui marque aussi une expérience religieuse personnelle. En réalité, l'A. T, ne dit rien sur la raison d'être de la mort ; même le récit de la chute (Ge 3) n'est pas une véritable explication du rôle de la mort dans le monde ; Adam et Eve ne meurent pas le jour même de leur transgression, et le verset 22 laisse entendre que, même après la faute, si seulement l'homme avait mangé du fruit de l'arbre de vie, il aurait échappé à la mort. --Enfin, dans Esa 25:7 et suivant se montre l'idée de l'anéantissement final de la mort lorsque Dieu l'aura décidé, pensée que reprendra l'apôtre Paul (1Co 15:54) en s'inspirant de Os 13:14.

4.

Les Apocryphes apportent maints renseignements sur les préoccupations du judaïsme concernant la mort. La Sagesse (ch. 1-5) décrit l'attitude de l'impie à l'égard de la mort, aborde le problème de la mort prématurée du juste et celui du sort final des bons et des méchants. Le Siracide avait également abordé ces questions ; pour alléger les tristesses de la mort, il la présente comme un parfait repos (Sag 38:23).

II Dans le N.T.

1.

D'une façon générale, le N.T. envisage la cessation de la vie d'une manière très semblable à celle de l'A.T. L'homme est composé de trois éléments : le corps, l'âme et l'esprit ; l'âme et le sang se confondent plus ou moins, mais l'âme, en tant que siège de la personnalité, survit au corps (Mt 10:39), descend dans l'Hadès et reçoit alors son châtiment (Géhenne) ou les récompenses éternelles (sein d'Abraham, Paradis). Quant à l'esprit, il n'est que la partie la plus noble de l'âme ; s'il quitte le corps, la mort se produit ; s'il revient, la vie reparaît (Lu 8:55). Souvent les morts sont appelés des esprits (1Pi 3:19 4:6, Heb 12:23), parfois des âmes. (Ap 6:9 20:4)

--L'apôtre Paul cependant développe une anthropologie un peu différente ; distinguant trois éléments, le corps (ou chair), l'âme et l'esprit, il voit dans l'âme, incapable de rien saisir de ce qui est esprit, le principe vital de la chair ; l'esprit, d'autre part, représente la partie morale et intellectuelle, qui peut entrer en communion avec l'Esprit de Dieu et constitue une personnalité immatérielle survivant seule à la mort (1Co 5:5).

2.

L'enseignement de Jésus ne contient rien qui puisse éclairer le phénomène physique de la mort ; et c'est un contraste frappant avec les écrits rabbiniques de l'époque. La mort elle-même n'est pas présentée comme un mal en soi, les récits de résurrections ne montrent pas le retour à la vie comme une délivrance et un bien pour le ressuscité ; c'est par compassion pour le chagrin des autres que Jésus agit, ou « pour la gloire de Dieu » (Jn 11:4-40). Souvent le Christ parle de la mort comme d'un sommeil (Mr 5:39, Jn 11:11,13) qui tombe sur l'homme après les jours de la vie, et dont il s'éveillera. Enfin, dans le 4 e évangile la mort désigne surtout, au sens figuré, l'état de l'homme plongé dans Je péché (Jn 5:24 6:50 8:21-24). Dans Jn 11:25,27, la délivrance promise se rapporte à la mort spirituelle, et cette délivrance dépouille la mort naturelle de ses terreurs. Voir Eschatologie, Cheol, Hadès, Géhenne, Paradis.

3.

Dans les autres livres du N.T., on peut noter les points suivants :

(a) La doctrine paulinienne qui voit dans la mort naturelle la conséquence du péché représente l'interprétation juive habituelle du récit de la chute, et ne trouve pas d'appui direct dans les évangiles. Pourtant une idée toute semblable, le sentiment que « l'aiguillon de la mort, c'est le péché », est largement répandue dans tout le N.T.

(b) La mort représente souvent un état spirituel qui permet la vie, mais dans lequel l'homme est privé de tout ce qui est digne d'être appelé vie.

(c) (cf. Eph 2:1,5 5:14 etc.) La mort désigne enfin le passage d'une vie de péché à une vie nouvelle et transformée. Le croyant est alors « mort au péché » (Ro 6:2,1Pi 2:24) ; il est « mort avec Christ » (Ro 6:8, Col 2:20). Edm. R.

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      Genèse 2

      4 This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made the earth and the heavens.
      5 No plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Yahweh God had not caused it to rain on the earth. There was not a man to till the ground,
      6 but a mist went up from the earth, and watered the whole surface of the ground.
      7 Yahweh God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
      8 Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.
      9 Out of the ground Yahweh God made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the middle of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
      10 A river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became four heads.
      11 The name of the first is Pishon: this is the one which flows through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
      12 and the gold of that land is good. There is aromatic resin and the onyx stone.
      13 The name of the second river is Gihon: the same river that flows through the whole land of Cush.
      14 The name of the third river is Hiddekel: this is the one which flows in front of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.
      15 Yahweh God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
      16 Yahweh God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat;
      17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you shall not eat of it; for in the day that you eat of it you will surely die."
      18 Yahweh God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper suitable for him."
      19 Out of the ground Yahweh God formed every animal of the field, and every bird of the sky, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. Whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name.
      20 The man gave names to all livestock, and to the birds of the sky, and to every animal of the field; but for man there was not found a helper suitable for him.
      21 Yahweh God caused a deep sleep to fall on the man, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place.
      22 He made the rib, which Yahweh God had taken from the man, into a woman, and brought her to the man.
      23 The man said, "This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She will be called 'woman,' because she was taken out of Man."
      24 Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother, and will join with his wife, and they will be one flesh.
      25 They were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

      Genèse 3

      1 Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, "Has God really said, 'You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?'"
      2 The woman said to the serpent, "Of the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat,
      3 but of the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, God has said, 'You shall not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, lest you die.'"
      4 The serpent said to the woman, "You won't surely die,
      5 for God knows that in the day you eat it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."
      6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit, and ate; and she gave some to her husband with her, and he ate.
      7 The eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
      8 They heard the voice of Yahweh God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Yahweh God among the trees of the garden.
      9 Yahweh God called to the man, and said to him, "Where are you?"
      10 The man said, "I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself."
      11 God said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?"
      12 The man said, "The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I ate."
      13 Yahweh God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
      14 Yahweh God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, you are cursed above all livestock, and above every animal of the field. On your belly you shall go, and you shall eat dust all the days of your life.
      15 I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."
      16 To the woman he said, "I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bear children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you."
      17 To Adam he said, "Because you have listened to your wife's voice, and have eaten of the tree, of which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat of it,' cursed is the ground for your sake. In toil you will eat of it all the days of your life.
      18 It will yield thorns and thistles to you; and you will eat the herb of the field.
      19 By the sweat of your face will you eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For you are dust, and to dust you shall return."
      20 The man called his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all living.
      21 Yahweh God made coats of skins for Adam and for his wife, and clothed them.
      22 Yahweh God said, "Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand, and also take of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever..."
      23 Therefore Yahweh God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken.
      24 So he drove out the man; and he placed Cherubs at the east of the garden of Eden, and the flame of a sword which turned every way, to guard the way to the tree of life.

      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Lévitique 19

      31 "'Don't turn to those who are mediums, nor to the wizards. Don't seek them out, to be defiled by them. I am Yahweh your God.

      Lévitique 20

      6 "'The person that turns to those who are mediums, and to the wizards, to play the prostitute after them, I will even set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people.

      Nombres 23

      10 Who can count the dust of Jacob, or number the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous! Let my last end be like his!"

      1 Samuel 28

      1 It happened in those days, that the Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. Achish said to David, "Know assuredly that you shall go out with me in the army, you and your men."
      2 David said to Achish, "Therefore you shall know what your servant will do." Achish said to David, "Therefore will I make you my bodyguard for ever."
      3 Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. Saul had put away those who had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land.
      4 The Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and encamped in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they encamped in Gilboa.
      5 When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.
      6 When Saul inquired of Yahweh, Yahweh didn't answer him, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.
      7 Then Saul said to his servants, "Seek me a woman who has a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and inquire of her." His servants said to him, "Behold, there is a woman who has a familiar spirit at Endor."
      8 Saul disguised himself, and put on other clothing, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, "Please divine to me by the familiar spirit, and bring me up whomever I shall name to you."
      9 The woman said to him, "Behold, you know what Saul has done, how he has cut off those who have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land. Why then do you lay a snare for my life, to cause me to die?"
      10 Saul swore to her by Yahweh, saying, "As Yahweh lives, no punishment shall happen to you for this thing."
      11 Then the woman said, "Whom shall I bring up to you?" He said, "Bring Samuel up for me."
      12 When the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying, "Why have you deceived me? For you are Saul!"
      13 The king said to her, "Don't be afraid. For what do you see?" The woman said to Saul, "I see a god coming up out of the earth."
      14 He said to her, "What does he look like?" She said, "An old man comes up. He is covered with a robe." Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and showed respect.
      15 Samuel said to Saul, "Why have you disturbed me, to bring me up?" Saul answered, "I am very distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God has departed from me, and answers me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams. Therefore I have called you, that you may make known to me what I shall do."
      16 Samuel said, "Why then do you ask of me, since Yahweh has departed from you and has become your adversary?
      17 Yahweh has done to you as he spoke by me. Yahweh has torn the kingdom out of your hand, and given it to your neighbor, even to David.
      18 Because you didn't obey the voice of Yahweh, and didn't execute his fierce wrath on Amalek, therefore Yahweh has done this thing to you this day.
      19 Moreover Yahweh will deliver Israel also with you into the hand of the Philistines; and tomorrow you and your sons will be with me. Yahweh will deliver the army of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines."
      20 Then Saul fell immediately his full length on the earth, and was terrified, because of the words of Samuel. There was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.
      21 The woman came to Saul, and saw that he was very troubled, and said to him, "Behold, your handmaid has listened to your voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have listened to your words which you spoke to me.
      22 Now therefore, please listen also to the voice of your handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before you; and eat, that you may have strength, when you go on your way."
      23 But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, constrained him; and he listened to their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat on the bed.
      24 The woman had a fattened calf in the house. She hurried and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread of it.
      25 She brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they ate. Then they rose up, and went away that night.

      Job 3

      17 There the wicked cease from troubling. There the weary are at rest.

      Psaumes 88

      12 Are your wonders made known in the dark? Or your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?

      Psaumes 94

      17 Unless Yahweh had been my help, my soul would have soon lived in silence.

      Psaumes 115

      17 The dead don't praise Yah, neither any who go down into silence;

      Psaumes 116

      15 Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints.

      Psaumes 146

      4 His spirit departs, and he returns to the earth. In that very day, his thoughts perish.

      Proverbes 14

      32 The wicked is brought down in his calamity, but in death, the righteous has a refuge.

      Proverbes 15

      10 There is stern discipline for one who forsakes the way: whoever hates reproof shall die.

      Ecclésiaste 9

      10 Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in Sheol , where you are going.

      Ecclésiaste 12

      9 Further, because the Preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge. Yes, he pondered, sought out, and set in order many proverbs.

      Esaïe 8

      10 Take counsel together, and it will be brought to nothing; speak the word, and it will not stand: for God is with us."

      Esaïe 19

      3 The spirit of Egypt will fail in its midst. I will destroy its counsel. They will seek the idols, the charmers, those who have familiar spirits, and the wizards.

      Esaïe 25

      7 He will destroy in this mountain the surface of the covering that covers all peoples, and the veil that is spread over all nations.

      Esaïe 38

      1 In those days was Hezekiah sick and near death. Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, came to him, and said to him, "Thus says Yahweh, 'Set your house in order, for you will die, and not live.'"
      2 Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to Yahweh,
      3 and said, "Remember now, Yahweh, I beg you, how I have walked before you in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in your sight." Hezekiah wept bitterly.
      4 Then the word of Yahweh came to Isaiah, saying,
      5 "Go, and tell Hezekiah, 'Thus says Yahweh, the God of David your father, "I have heard your prayer. I have seen your tears. Behold, I will add fifteen years to your life.
      6 I will deliver you and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria, and I will defend this city.
      7 This shall be the sign to you from Yahweh, that Yahweh will do this thing that he has spoken.
      8 Behold, I will cause the shadow on the sundial, which has gone down on the sundial of Ahaz with the sun, to return backward ten steps. So the sun returned ten steps on the sundial on which it had gone down."'"
      9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and had recovered of his sickness.
      10 I said, "In the middle of my life I go into the gates of Sheol . I am deprived of the residue of my years."
      11 I said, "I won't see Yah, Yah in the land of the living. I will see man no more with the inhabitants of the world.
      12 My dwelling is removed, and is carried away from me like a shepherd's tent. I have rolled up, like a weaver, my life. He will cut me off from the loom. From day even to night you will make an end of me.
      13 I waited patiently until morning. He breaks all my bones like a lion. From day even to night you will make an end of me.
      14 I chattered like a swallow or a crane. I moaned like a dove. My eyes weaken looking upward. Lord, I am oppressed. Be my security."
      15 What will I say? He has both spoken to me, and himself has done it. I will walk carefully all my years because of the anguish of my soul.
      16 Lord, men live by these things; and my spirit finds life in all of them: you restore me, and cause me to live.
      17 Behold, for peace I had great anguish, but you have in love for my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption; for you have cast all my sins behind your back.
      18 For Sheol can't praise you. Death can't celebrate you. Those who go down into the pit can't hope for your truth.
      19 The living, the living, he shall praise you, as I do this day. The father shall make known your truth to the children.
      20 Yahweh will save me. Therefore we will sing my songs with stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of Yahweh.
      21 Now Isaiah had said, "Let them take a cake of figs, and lay it for a poultice on the boil, and he shall recover."
      22 Hezekiah also had said, "What is the sign that I will go up to the house of Yahweh?"

      Ezéchiel 18

      4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins, he shall die.

      Osée 13

      14 I will ransom them from the power of Sheol . I will redeem them from death! Death, where are your plagues? Sheol, where is your destruction? "Compassion will be hidden from my eyes.

      Habacuc 2

      19 Woe to him who says to the wood, 'Awake!' or to the mute stone, 'Arise!' Shall this teach? Behold, it is overlaid with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all in its midst.

      Matthieu 10

      39 He who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it.

      Marc 5

      39 When he had entered in, he said to them, "Why do you make an uproar and weep? The child is not dead, but is asleep."

      Luc 8

      55 Her spirit returned, and she rose up immediately. He commanded that something be given to her to eat.

      Jean 5

      24 "Most certainly I tell you, he who hears my word, and believes him who sent me, has eternal life, and doesn't come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life.

      Jean 6

      50 This is the bread which comes down out of heaven, that anyone may eat of it and not die.

      Jean 8

      21 Jesus said therefore again to them, "I am going away, and you will seek me, and you will die in your sins. Where I go, you can't come."

      Jean 11

      4 But when Jesus heard it, he said, "This sickness is not to death, but for the glory of God, that God's Son may be glorified by it."
      5 Now Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus.
      6 When therefore he heard that he was sick, he stayed two days in the place where he was.
      7 Then after this he said to the disciples, "Let's go into Judea again."
      8 The disciples told him, "Rabbi, the Jews were just trying to stone you, and are you going there again?"
      9 Jesus answered, "Aren't there twelve hours of daylight? If a man walks in the day, he doesn't stumble, because he sees the light of this world.
      10 But if a man walks in the night, he stumbles, because the light isn't in him."
      11 He said these things, and after that, he said to them, "Our friend, Lazarus, has fallen asleep, but I am going so that I may awake him out of sleep."
      12 The disciples therefore said, "Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will recover."
      13 Now Jesus had spoken of his death, but they thought that he spoke of taking rest in sleep.
      14 So Jesus said to them plainly then, "Lazarus is dead.
      15 I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, so that you may believe. Nevertheless, let's go to him."
      16 Thomas therefore, who is called Didymus, said to his fellow disciples, "Let's go also, that we may die with him."
      17 So when Jesus came, he found that he had been in the tomb four days already.
      18 Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, about fifteen stadia away.
      19 Many of the Jews had joined the women around Martha and Mary, to console them concerning their brother.
      20 Then when Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went and met him, but Mary stayed in the house.
      21 Therefore Martha said to Jesus, "Lord, if you would have been here, my brother wouldn't have died.
      22 Even now I know that, whatever you ask of God, God will give you."
      23 Jesus said to her, "Your brother will rise again."
      24 Martha said to him, "I know that he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day."
      25 Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will still live, even if he dies.
      26 Whoever lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?"
      27 She said to him, "Yes, Lord. I have come to believe that you are the Christ, God's Son, he who comes into the world."
      28 When she had said this, she went away, and called Mary, her sister, secretly, saying, "The Teacher is here, and is calling you."
      29 When she heard this, she arose quickly, and went to him.
      30 Now Jesus had not yet come into the village, but was in the place where Martha met him.
      31 Then the Jews who were with her in the house, and were consoling her, when they saw Mary, that she rose up quickly and went out, followed her, saying, "She is going to the tomb to weep there."
      32 Therefore when Mary came to where Jesus was, and saw him, she fell down at his feet, saying to him, "Lord, if you would have been here, my brother wouldn't have died."
      33 When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews weeping who came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled,
      34 and said, "Where have you laid him?" They told him, "Lord, come and see."
      35 Jesus wept.
      36 The Jews therefore said, "See how much affection he had for him!"
      37 Some of them said, "Couldn't this man, who opened the eyes of him who was blind, have also kept this man from dying?"
      38 Jesus therefore, again groaning in himself, came to the tomb. Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it.
      39 Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of him who was dead, said to him, "Lord, by this time there is a stench, for he has been dead four days."
      40 Jesus said to her, "Didn't I tell you that if you believed, you would see God's glory?"

      Romains 6

      2 May it never be! We who died to sin, how could we live in it any longer?
      8 But if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him;

      1 Corinthiens 5

      5 are to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      54 But when this corruptible will have put on incorruption, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then what is written will happen: "Death is swallowed up in victory."

      Ephésiens 2

      1 You were made alive when you were dead in transgressions and sins,
      5 even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved),

      Ephésiens 5

      14 Therefore he says, "Awake, you who sleep, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you."

      Colossiens 2

      20 If you died with Christ from the elements of the world, why, as though living in the world, do you subject yourselves to ordinances,

      Hébreux 12

      23 to the general assembly and assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect,

      1 Pierre 2

      24 who his own self bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness; by whose stripes you were healed.

      1 Pierre 3

      19 in which he also went and preached to the spirits in prison,

      Apocalypse 6

      9 When he opened the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had been killed for the Word of God, and for the testimony of the Lamb which they had.

      Apocalypse 20

      4 I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, and for the word of God, and such as didn't worship the beast nor his image, and didn't receive the mark on their forehead and on their hand. They lived, and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
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