NÉBUCADNETSAR

Définition biblique de Nébucadnetsar :

Célèbre roi de Babylone (604-561), deuxième de ce nom (le premier régna vers 1150).

Sommaire

Nom
Histoire

I. NOM.

(LXX, Naboukhodonosor). Célèbre roi de Babylone (604-561), deuxième de ce nom (le premier régna vers 1150).

Il est surtout connu en français sous le nom de Nabuchodonosor (transcription de la Vulgate), mais la forme correcte de ce nom est Naboukadretsar (en babyl. Nàbou-koudour-outsour =Nabou protège la borne).

II. HISTOIRE.

Son père Nabopolassar l'envoya, lorsqu'il était encore prince héritier, contre le pharaon Néco, oui avait envahi la Syrie et avait battu Josias à Méguiddo (608), et le jeune prince remporta une victoire décisive à Carkémis. (604 ; Jer 46:2) Il poursuivit les Égyptiens vers le S., mais, arrivé à la frontière égyptienne, il apprit la mort de son père et dut revenir à Babylone en toute hâte pour s'assurer la couronne. Pendant les 3 années qui suivirent cette expédition Jojakim resta soumis au roi de Babylone (2Ro 24:1) ; il ne semble pourtant pas que ce roi de Juda fut exilé en Babylonie, comme le dit 2Ch 36:6 et suivant. Son fils Jojakin, qui ne régna que 3 mois, se rendit à Nébucadnetsar après un court siège de Jérusalem et fut emmené en captivité avec les principales personnalités de son royaume, y compris Ézéchiel (2Ro 24:8,16), en 597. Sédécias, le nouveau roi de Juda (2Ro 24:17, Jer 37:1), ne resta pas fidèle au serment qu'il avait prêté au roi de Babylone : (Eze 17:11-21) après un siège d'une année et demie Nébucadnetsar prit Jérusalem et la détruisit en 586 (2Ro 25:1-21, Jer 37 Jer 38 Jer 39 Jer 40). Pendant le siège de Tyr, oui dura 13 ans et n'eut pas de succès (Eze 29:17-21 ; de 585 à 573), il y eut une troisième déportation de Judéens (Jer 52:28,30). En 567 Nébucadnetsar fit une expédition dans la Basse Egypte (Jer 46:13 et suivants, Eze 29), la seule de ses campagnes dont il parle dans ses inscriptions : il préfère décrire ses grands travaux de construction et de restauration de temples ; son oeuvre principale de ce genre fut l'édification des palais, des sanctuaires et des murs de Babylone (Da 4:30). Voir, fig. 193, l'inscription cunéiforme sur brique énumérant ses titres. Dans le livre de Daniel (voir ce mot), la figure de Nébucadnetsar a des traits légendaires (ch. 1-5).

Voir aussi Babylone, Assyrie et Babylonie, Israël, etc. R.H. Pf.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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  2 Chroniques 36
  
  6 Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon.
  
  Jérémie 37
  
  1 Zedekiah the son of Josiah reigned as king, instead of Coniah the son of Jehoiakim, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made king in the land of Judah.
  
  2 But neither he, nor his servants, nor the people of the land, listened to the words of Yahweh, which he spoke by the prophet Jeremiah.
  
  3 Zedekiah the king sent Jehucal the son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah, the priest, to the prophet Jeremiah, saying, Pray now to Yahweh our God for us.
  
  4 Now Jeremiah came in and went out among the people; for they had not put him into prison.
  
  5 Pharaoh's army had come forth out of Egypt; and when the Chaldeans who were besieging Jerusalem heard news of them, they broke up from Jerusalem.
  
  6 Then came the word of Yahweh to the prophet Jeremiah, saying,
  
  7 Thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel, You shall tell the king of Judah, who sent you to me to inquire of me: Behold, Pharaoh's army, which has come forth to help you, shall return to Egypt into their own land.
  
  8 The Chaldeans shall come again, and fight against this city; and they shall take it, and burn it with fire.
  
  9 Thus says Yahweh, Don't deceive yourselves, saying, The Chaldeans shall surely depart from us; for they shall not depart.
  
  10 For though you had struck the whole army of the Chaldeans who fight against you, and there remained but wounded men among them, yes would they rise up every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire.
  
  11 It happened that, when the army of the Chaldeans was broken up from Jerusalem for fear of Pharaoh's army,
  
  12 then Jeremiah went forth out of Jerusalem to go into the land of Benjamin, to receive his portion there, in the midst of the people.
  
  13 When he was in the gate of Benjamin, a captain of the guard was there, whose name was Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah; and he laid hold on Jeremiah the prophet, saying, You are falling away to the Chaldeans.
  
  14 Then Jeremiah said, It is false; I am not falling away to the Chaldeans. But he didn't listen to him; so Irijah laid hold on Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes.
  
  15 The princes were angry with Jeremiah, and struck him, and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made that the prison.
  
  16 When Jeremiah had come into the dungeon house, and into the cells, and Jeremiah had remained there many days;
  
  17 Then Zedekiah the king sent, and fetched him: and the king asked him secretly in his house, and said, Is there any word from Yahweh? Jeremiah said, There is. He said also, You shall be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon.
  
  18 Moreover Jeremiah said to king Zedekiah, Wherein have I sinned against you, or against your servants, or against this people, that you have put me in prison?
  
  19 Where now are your prophets who prophesied to you, saying, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?
  
  20 Now please hear, my lord the king: please let my supplication be presented before you, that you not cause me to return to the house of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there.
  
  21 Then Zedekiah the king commanded, and they committed Jeremiah into the court of the guard; and they gave him daily a loaf of bread out of the bakers' street, until all the bread in the city was spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.
  
  Jérémie 38
  
  1 Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchijah, heard the words that Jeremiah spoke to all the people, saying,
  
  2 Thus says Yahweh, He who remains in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence; but he who goes forth to the Chaldeans shall live, and his life shall be to him for a prey, and he shall live.
  
  3 Thus says Yahweh, This city shall surely be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it.
  
  4 Then the princes said to the king, "Please let this man be put to death; because he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words to them: for this man doesn't seek the welfare of this people, but the hurt."
  
  5 Zedekiah the king said, Behold, he is in your hand; for the king is not he who can do anything against you.
  
  6 Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of Malchijah the king's son, that was in the court of the guard: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. In the dungeon there was no water, but mire; and Jeremiah sank in the mire.
  
  7 Now when Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, a eunuch, who was in the king's house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon (the king then sitting in the gate of Benjamin),
  
  8 Ebedmelech went forth out of the king's house, and spoke to the king, saying,
  
  9 My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon; and he is likely to die in the place where he is, because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.
  
  10 Then the king commanded Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, Take from here thirty men with you, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he dies.
  
  11 So Ebedmelech took the men with him, and went into the house of the king under the treasury, and took there rags and worn-out garments, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah.
  
  12 Ebedmelech the Ethiopian said to Jeremiah, Put now these rags and worn-out garments under your armpits under the cords. Jeremiah did so.
  
  13 So they drew up Jeremiah with the cords, and took him up out of the dungeon: and Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.
  
  14 Then Zedekiah the king sent, and took Jeremiah the prophet to him into the third entry that is in the house of Yahweh: and the king said to Jeremiah, I will ask you something. Hide nothing from me.
  
  15 Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, If I declare it to you, will you not surely put me to death? and if I give you counsel, you will not listen to me.
  
  16 So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.
  
  17 Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, Thus says Yahweh, the God of Armies, the God of Israel: If you will go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then your soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire; and you shall live, and your house.
  
  18 But if you will not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and you shall not escape out of their hand.
  
  19 Zedekiah the king said to Jeremiah, I am afraid of the Jews who are fallen away to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me.
  
  20 But Jeremiah said, They shall not deliver you. Obey, I beg you, the voice of Yahweh, in that which I speak to you: so it shall be well with you, and your soul shall live.
  
  21 But if you refuse to go forth, this is the word that Yahweh has shown me:
  
  22 behold, all the women who are left in the king of Judah's house shall be brought forth to the king of Babylon's princes, and those women shall say, Your familiar friends have set you on, and have prevailed over you. Your feet are sunk in the mire, they have turned away back.
  
  23 They shall bring out all your wives and your children to the Chaldeans; and you shall not escape out of their hand, but shall be taken by the hand of the king of Babylon: and you shall cause this city to be burned with fire.
  
  24 Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, Let no man know of these words, and you shall not die.
  
  25 But if the princes hear that I have talked with you, and they come to you, and tell you, Declare to us now what you have said to the king; don't hide it from us, and we will not put you to death; also what the king said to you:
  
  26 then you shall tell them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan's house, to die there.
  
  27 Then came all the princes to Jeremiah, and asked him; and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they left off speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived.
  
  28 So Jeremiah stayed in the court of the guard until the day that Jerusalem was taken.
  
  Jérémie 39
  
  1 It happened when Jerusalem was taken, (in the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army against Jerusalem, and besieged it;
  
  2 in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, a breach was made in the city),
  
  3 that all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat in the middle gate, Nergal Sharezer, Samgarnebo, Sarsechim, Rabsaris, Nergal Sharezer, Rabmag, with all the rest of the princes of the king of Babylon.
  
  4 It happened that, when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, through the gate between the two walls; and he went out toward the Arabah.
  
  5 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho: and when they had taken him, they brought him up to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; and he gave judgment on him.
  
  6 Then the king of Babylon killed the sons of Zedekiah in Riblah before his eyes: also the king of Babylon killed all the nobles of Judah.
  
  7 Moreover he put out Zedekiah's eyes, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon.
  
  8 The Chaldeans burned the king's house, and the houses of the people, with fire, and broke down the walls of Jerusalem.
  
  9 Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive into Babylon the residue of the people who remained in the city, the deserters also who fell away to him, and the residue of the people who remained.
  
  10 But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left of the poor of the people, who had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them vineyards and fields at the same time.
  
  11 Now Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon commanded Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard concerning Jeremiah, saying,
  
  12 Take him, and look well to him, and do him no harm; but do to him even as he shall tell you.
  
  13 So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard sent, and Nebushazban, Rabsaris, and Nergal Sharezer, Rabmag, and all the chief officers of the king of Babylon;
  
  14 they sent, and took Jeremiah out of the court of the guard, and committed him to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, that he should carry him home: so he lived among the people.
  
  15 Now the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, while he was shut up in the court of the guard, saying,
  
  16 Go, and speak to Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, Thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel: Behold, I will bring my words on this city for evil, and not for good; and they shall be accomplished before you in that day.
  
  17 But I will deliver you in that day, says Yahweh; and you shall not be given into the hand of the men of whom you are afraid.
  
  18 For I will surely save you, and you shall not fall by the sword, but your life shall be for a prey to you; because you have put your trust in me, says Yahweh.
  
  Jérémie 40
  
  1 The word which came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, after that Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when he had taken him being bound in chains among all the captives of Jerusalem and Judah, who were carried away captive to Babylon.
  
  2 The captain of the guard took Jeremiah, and said to him, Yahweh your God pronounced this evil on this place;
  
  3 and Yahweh has brought it, and done according as he spoke: because you have sinned against Yahweh, and have not obeyed his voice, therefore this thing has come on you.
  
  4 Now, behold, I release you this day from the chains which are on your hand. If it seems good to you to come with me into Babylon, come, and I will take care of you; but if it seems bad to you to come with me into Babylon, don't: behold, all the land is before you; where it seems good and right to you to go, there go.
  
  5 Now while he had not yet gone back, Go back then, he said, to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon has made governor over the cities of Judah, and dwell with him among the people; or go wherever it seems right to you to go. So the captain of the guard gave him food and a present, and let him go.
  
  6 Then went Jeremiah to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizpah, and lived with him among the people who were left in the land.
  
  7 Now when all the captains of the forces who were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed to him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of those who were not carried away captive to Babylon;
  
  8 then they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.
  
  9 Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore to them and to their men, saying, Don't be afraid to serve the Chaldeans: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.
  
  10 As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah, to stand before the Chaldeans who shall come to us: but you, gather wine and summer fruits and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities that you have taken.
  
  11 Likewise when all the Jews who were in Moab, and among the children of Ammon, and in Edom, and who were in all the countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant of Judah, and that he had set over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan;
  
  12 then all the Jews returned out of all places where they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, to Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits very much.
  
  13 Moreover Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces who were in the fields, came to Gedaliah to Mizpah,
  
  14 and said to him, Do you know that Baalis the king of the children of Ammon has sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to take your life? But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam didn't believe them.
  
  15 Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying, Please let me go, and I will kill Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: why should he take your life, that all the Jews who are gathered to you should be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?
  
  16 But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said to Johanan the son of Kareah, You shall not do this thing; for you speak falsely of Ishmael.
  
  Jérémie 46
  
  2 Of Egypt: concerning the army of Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah.
  
  13 The word that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah the prophet, how that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon should come and strike the land of Egypt.
  
  Jérémie 52
  
  28 This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand twenty-three Jews;
  
  30 in the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty-five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred.
  
  Ezéchiel 17
  
  11 Moreover the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
  
  12 Say now to the rebellious house, Don't you know what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took its king, and its princes, and brought them to him to Babylon:
  
  13 and he took of the seed royal, and made a covenant with him; he also brought him under an oath, and took away the mighty of the land;
  
  14 that the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping his covenant it might stand.
  
  15 But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and many people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape who does such things? shall he break the covenant, and yet escape?
  
  16 As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, surely in the place where the king dwells who made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he broke, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.
  
  17 Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company help him in the war, when they cast up mounds and build forts, to cut off many persons.
  
  18 For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things; he shall not escape.
  
  19 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: As I live, surely my oath that he has despised, and my covenant that he has broken, I will even bring it on his own head.
  
  20 I will spread my net on him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he has trespassed against me.
  
  21 All his fugitives in all his bands shall fall by the sword, and those who remain shall be scattered toward every wind: and you shall know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.
  
  Ezéchiel 29
  
  1 In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,

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