Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

PERSÉCUTION

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Les Psaumes parlent fréquemment de persécutions à un point de vue particulier : celles des justes par les méchants (Ps 31:16 57:4 119:157). Ce n'est pas que (depuis les jours de Moïse) le peuple israélite comme tel n'ait pas connu de persécution (Heb 11:32,40), mais ses pires souffrances (sous Antiochus Épiphane) sont rapportées dans 1 et 2 Macchabées, livres apocryphes. Celui de Daniel a été écrit pour exalter les croyants en ces temps cruels.

--Jésus a dénoncé les persécutions infligées sous l'ancienne alliance aux prophètes par les hommes du Temple (Mt 23:34 ; cf. l'apostrophe d'Etienne, Ac 7:52), et il a annoncé que ses fidèles, en bravant l'opposition du monde, auraient à souffrir (Mt 5:12 10:18,21, Mr 13:9, Jn 15:20, Mr 10:30). Lui-même est l'objet de complots persécuteurs qui aboutissent à la Passion et la croix (Mt 2:13 et suivants, Mr 3:6, Lu 13:31, Jn 11:8, Mr 14 et parallèle etc.) ; il les a souvent prédites (Mr 8:31 9:31 10:33 12:6 et suivant, etc.). Tout de suite après sa mort, ses disciples endurent l'opposition des Sadducéens (Ac 4:1,6 5:17 et suivant). Une véritable persécution a lieu après le meurtre d'Etienne (Ac 8:1) ; Saul s'y associe (Ac 22:4 26:11) ; elle ne contribue pas peu à la diffusion de l'Évangile à travers la Samarie et jusqu'en Syrie (Ac 8:4 11:19). Jacques est mis à mort par Hérode, mais Pierre incarcéré est merveilleusement délivré (Ac 12). Au cours de ses premières missions (Ac 13-18), Paul se heurte sans cesse à l'opposition des Juifs.

--Les païens ne semblent s'émouvoir de la propagande évangélique que si leurs intérêts paraissent menacés.

--L'empire (Ac 16:19 19:27) romain se montre tolérant aussi longtemps qu'il peut confondre le christianisme naissant avec une secte juive (Ac 16:35,40 19:35-40 26:30-32). L'opposition naît (Ac 28:22) sans doute quand, sur la question de la circoncision, les chrétiens se séparent des Juifs.

--Paul se prépare à une mort qu'il sent imminente ; (2Ti 2:9 3:12 4:6) Pierre (voir allusions à sa mort dans 2Pi 1:14 et Jn 21:19) donne aux chrétiens persécutés des conseils de prudence et de fermeté (1Pi 2:12 4:12,14-17). l'auteur de l'épître aux Hébreux les exhorte à se rappeler les premiers temps et à ne pas crucifier pour leur part le Fils de Dieu (Heb 6:4-6 10:32-39). l'Apocalypse est riche en allusions à la terrible condition des disciples du Christ au temps de Néron et de Dioclétien (Ap 2:2-10,13 6:9 16:6 17 6 18:24 20:4) ; 1Jn 2:17 5:19 montrent avec quelle assurance et quelle sérénité les chrétiens pouvaient, en ces temps d'héroïsme et de gloire, envisager la victoire que le monde prétendait remporter sur eux. E. P.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • Psaumes 31

      16 Make your face to shine on your servant. Save me in your loving kindness.

      Psaumes 57

      4 My soul is among lions. I lie among those who are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.

      Psaumes 119

      157 Many are my persecutors and my adversaries. I haven't swerved from your testimonies.

      Matthieu 2

      13 Now when they had departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, "Arise and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him."

      Matthieu 5

      12 Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

      Matthieu 10

      18 Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations.
      21 "Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents, and cause them to be put to death.

      Matthieu 23

      34 Therefore behold, I send to you prophets, wise men, and scribes. Some of them you will kill and crucify; and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city;

      Marc 3

      6 The Pharisees went out, and immediately conspired with the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him.

      Marc 8

      31 He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again.

      Marc 9

      31 For he was teaching his disciples, and said to them, "The Son of Man is being handed over to the hands of men, and they will kill him; and when he is killed, on the third day he will rise again."

      Marc 10

      30 but he will receive one hundred times more now in this time, houses, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, and land, with persecutions; and in the age to come eternal life.
      33 "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem. The Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and the scribes. They will condemn him to death, and will deliver him to the Gentiles.

      Marc 12

      6 Therefore still having one, his beloved son, he sent him last to them, saying, 'They will respect my son.'

      Marc 13

      9 But watch yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils. You will be beaten in synagogues. You will stand before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them.

      Marc 14

      1 It was now two days before the feast of the Passover and the unleavened bread, and the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might seize him by deception, and kill him.
      2 For they said, "Not during the feast, because there might be a riot of the people."
      3 While he was at Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat at the table, a woman came having an alabaster jar of ointment of pure nard--very costly. She broke the jar, and poured it over his head.
      4 But there were some who were indignant among themselves, saying, "Why has this ointment been wasted?
      5 For this might have been sold for more than three hundred denarii, and given to the poor." They grumbled against her.
      6 But Jesus said, "Leave her alone. Why do you trouble her? She has done a good work for me.
      7 For you always have the poor with you, and whenever you want to, you can do them good; but you will not always have me.
      8 She has done what she could. She has anointed my body beforehand for the burying.
      9 Most certainly I tell you, wherever this Good News may be preached throughout the whole world, that which this woman has done will also be spoken of for a memorial of her."
      10 Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve, went away to the chief priests, that he might deliver him to them.
      11 They, when they heard it, were glad, and promised to give him money. He sought how he might conveniently deliver him.
      12 On the first day of unleavened bread, when they sacrificed the Passover, his disciples asked him, "Where do you want us to go and prepare that you may eat the Passover?"
      13 He sent two of his disciples, and said to them, "Go into the city, and there you will meet a man carrying a pitcher of water. Follow him,
      14 and wherever he enters in, tell the master of the house, 'The Teacher says, "Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?"'
      15 He will himself show you a large upper room furnished and ready. Get ready for us there."
      16 His disciples went out, and came into the city, and found things as he had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.
      17 When it was evening he came with the twelve.
      18 As they sat and were eating, Jesus said, "Most certainly I tell you, one of you will betray me--he who eats with me."
      19 They began to be sorrowful, and to ask him one by one, "Surely not I?" And another said, "Surely not I?"
      20 He answered them, "It is one of the twelve, he who dips with me in the dish.
      21 For the Son of Man goes, even as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born."
      22 As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed, he broke it, and gave to them, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body."
      23 He took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them. They all drank of it.
      24 He said to them, "This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many.
      25 Most certainly I tell you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it anew in the Kingdom of God."
      26 When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
      27 Jesus said to them, "All of you will be made to stumble because of me tonight, for it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.'
      28 However, after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee."
      29 But Peter said to him, "Although all will be offended, yet I will not."
      30 Jesus said to him, "Most certainly I tell you, that you today, even this night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times."
      31 But he spoke all the more, "If I must die with you, I will not deny you." They all said the same thing.
      32 They came to a place which was named Gethsemane. He said to his disciples, "Sit here, while I pray."
      33 He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly troubled and distressed.
      34 He said to them, "My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here, and watch."
      35 He went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass away from him.
      36 He said, "Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Please remove this cup from me. However, not what I desire, but what you desire."
      37 He came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, "Simon, are you sleeping? Couldn't you watch one hour?
      38 Watch and pray, that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak."
      39 Again he went away, and prayed, saying the same words.
      40 Again he returned, and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy, and they didn't know what to answer him.
      41 He came the third time, and said to them, "Sleep on now, and take your rest. It is enough. The hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
      42 Arise, let us be going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand."
      43 Immediately, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came--and with him a multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
      44 Now he who betrayed him had given them a sign, saying, "Whomever I will kiss, that is he. Seize him, and lead him away safely."
      45 When he had come, immediately he came to him, and said, "Rabbi! Rabbi!" and kissed him.
      46 They laid their hands on him, and seized him.
      47 But a certain one of those who stood by drew his sword, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.
      48 Jesus answered them, "Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to seize me?
      49 I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and you didn't arrest me. But this is so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled."
      50 They all left him, and fled.
      51 A certain young man followed him, having a linen cloth thrown around himself, over his naked body. The young men grabbed him,
      52 but he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked.
      53 They led Jesus away to the high priest. All the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes came together with him.
      54 Peter had followed him from a distance, until he came into the court of the high priest. He was sitting with the officers, and warming himself in the light of the fire.
      55 Now the chief priests and the whole council sought witnesses against Jesus to put him to death, and found none.
      56 For many gave false testimony against him, and their testimony didn't agree with each other.
      57 Some stood up, and gave false testimony against him, saying,
      58 "We heard him say, 'I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another made without hands.'"
      59 Even so, their testimony did not agree.
      60 The high priest stood up in the midst, and asked Jesus, "Have you no answer? What is it which these testify against you?"
      61 But he stayed quiet, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?"
      62 Jesus said, "I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky."
      63 The high priest tore his clothes, and said, "What further need have we of witnesses?
      64 You have heard the blasphemy! What do you think?" They all condemned him to be worthy of death.
      65 Some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to beat him with fists, and to tell him, "Prophesy!" The officers struck him with the palms of their hands.
      66 As Peter was in the courtyard below, one of the maids of the high priest came,
      67 and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him, and said, "You were also with the Nazarene, Jesus!"
      68 But he denied it, saying, "I neither know, nor understand what you are saying." He went out on the porch, and the rooster crowed.
      69 The maid saw him, and began again to tell those who stood by, "This is one of them."
      70 But he again denied it. After a little while again those who stood by said to Peter, "You truly are one of them, for you are a Galilean, and your speech shows it."
      71 But he began to curse, and to swear, "I don't know this man of whom you speak!"
      72 The rooster crowed the second time. Peter remembered the word, how that Jesus said to him, "Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times." When he thought about that, he wept.

      Luc 13

      31 On that same day, some Pharisees came, saying to him, "Get out of here, and go away, for Herod wants to kill you."

      Jean 2

      17 His disciples remembered that it was written, "Zeal for your house will eat me up."

      Jean 5

      19 Jesus therefore answered them, "Most certainly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise.

      Jean 11

      8 The disciples told him, "Rabbi, the Jews were just trying to stone you, and are you going there again?"

      Jean 15

      20 Remember the word that I said to you: 'A servant is not greater than his lord.' If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you. If they kept my word, they will keep yours also.

      Jean 21

      19 Now he said this, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. When he had said this, he said to him, "Follow me."

      Actes 4

      1 As they spoke to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees came to them,
      6 Annas the high priest was there, with Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and as many as were relatives of the high priest.

      Actes 5

      17 But the high priest rose up, and all those who were with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees), and they were filled with jealousy,

      Actes 7

      52 Which of the prophets didn't your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers.

      Actes 8

      1 Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles.
      4 Therefore those who were scattered abroad went around preaching the word.

      Actes 11

      19 They therefore who were scattered abroad by the oppression that arose about Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except to Jews only.
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