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RABBA

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1.

Rabbath-Ammon (=Rabba d'Ammon).

A l'emplacement d'Amman, aujourd'hui ville principale de la TransJordanie, à 38 km. à l'Est du Jourdain. C'était la capitale des Ammonites, établie sur une des collines qui surplombent la ville moderne et constituent un solide emplacement stratégique. Quand es Israélites arrivèrent du désert, on montrait à Rabba le « lit de fer » du géant Og, roi de Basan De 3:11). La ville est mentionnée à propos du territoire dévolu à la tribu de Gad (Jos 13:25), et l'on sait que c'est au cours du siège entrepris par les Israélites que périt Urie, le Hittite, dont David convoitait la femme, Bath-Séba (2Sa 11 et 2Sa 12,1Ch 20:1-3). Du récit des combats qui marquèrent la prise de Rabba, il ressort que celle-ci s'effectua en deux temps : Joab s'empara de la ville basse (la ville des eaux) et laissa à David le soin et l'honneur de conquérir la ville haute (2Sa 12:27 et suivant). Tout ceci s'est éclairé pour nous depuis la découverte, par les officiers du Survey, d'un passage secret par où les troupes occupant la citadelle pouvaient s'approvisionner d'eau dans un bassin situé en contre-bas. L'on peut se demander si ce n'est pas par ce sinnôr que s'introduisirent les soldats de David. Il était d'autre part facile d'amener la reddition de la ville en interdisant la descente vers l'eau. Antiochus III (218 av. J. -C.) puis Hérode le Grand employèrent ce moyen bien simple, quand, à leur tour, ils assiégèrent Rabba (voir Josèphe, G.J., I, 19:6 ; Polybe, Hist., V, 71). Pour ce qui est de David, une erreur de traduction le charge de grandes cruautés à l'égard des habitants de Rabba (2Sa 12:31). On verra à l'article Herse comment il faut entendre ce passage. Cette traduction rectifiée explique comment il se fait que, lorsque le roi dut se réfugier à Mahanaïm, l'habitant de Rabba Sobi, fils de Nahas, fit partie de la délégation hospitalière (2Sa 17:27,29). Vers 750 av. J. -C, Amos annonçait pourtant que le feu serait allumé dans les murs de Rabba (Am 1:14). Au siècle suivant, Jérémie n'était pas plus tendre à l'égard de la ville des enfants d'Ammon (Jer 49:2) ; Ézéchiel semble bien indiquer que Rabba n'échappa pas plus que Jérusalem à l'assaut du roi de Babylone (Eze 21:25 25:5). Au III° siècle, Ptolémée Philadelphe (285-247) reconstruisit Rabba et lui donna le nom de Philadelphie. Celle-ci, devenue plus tard une des cités de la Décapole, connut une grande prospérité, dont témoignent les vestiges encore visibles de monuments importants. Un magnifique théâtre, parfaitement conservé, est un des plus beaux spécimens de ce genre architectural dont les exemplaires sont en Orient nombreux mais trop souvent ruinés. Habitée par des Arabes et des Circassiens, la ville actuelle de Amman connaît un renouveau d'actualité par les événements survenus à la suite de la guerre mondiale (1914-1918). Elle reste une étape importante sur les pistes du désert (Pétra, La Mecque, Bagdad), à l'embranchement des routes de Damas et de Jérusalem.

2.

Ville du même nom dans la montagne de Juda (Jos 15:60) ; non identifiée. A. P.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Deutéronome 3

      11 (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; isn't it in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its breadth, after the cubit of a man.)

      Josué 13

      25 Their border was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the children of Ammon, to Aroer that is before Rabbah;

      Josué 15

      60 Kiriath Baal (the same is Kiriath Jearim), and Rabbah; two cities with their villages.

      2 Samuel 11

      1 It happened, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem.
      2 It happened at evening, that David arose from off his bed, and walked on the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful to look on.
      3 David sent and inquired after the woman. One said, "Isn't this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?"
      4 David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.
      5 The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, "I am with child."
      6 David sent to Joab, "Send me Uriah the Hittite." Joab sent Uriah to David.
      7 When Uriah had come to him, David asked of him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.
      8 David said to Uriah, "Go down to your house, and wash your feet." Uriah departed out of the king's house, and a gift from the king was sent after him.
      9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house with all the servants of his lord, and didn't go down to his house.
      10 When they had told David, saying, "Uriah didn't go down to his house," David said to Uriah, "Haven't you come from a journey? Why didn't you go down to your house?"
      11 Uriah said to David, "The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!"
      12 David said to Uriah, "Stay here today also, and tomorrow I will let you depart." So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day, and the next day.
      13 When David had called him, he ate and drink before him; and he made him drunk. At evening, he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but didn't go down to his house.
      14 It happened in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
      15 He wrote in the letter, saying, "Send Uriah to the forefront of the hottest battle, and retreat from him, that he may be struck, and die."
      16 It happened, when Joab kept watch on the city, that he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew that valiant men were.
      17 The men of the city went out, and fought with Joab. Some of the people fell, even of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
      18 Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
      19 and he commanded the messenger, saying, "When you have finished telling all the things concerning the war to the king,
      20 it shall be that, if the king's wrath arise, and he asks you, 'Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Didn't you know that they would shoot from the wall?
      21 who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn't a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?' then you shall say, 'Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.'"
      22 So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.
      23 The messenger said to David, "The men prevailed against us, and came out to us into the field, and we were on them even to the entrance of the gate.
      24 The shooters shot at your servants from off the wall; and some of the king's servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also."
      25 Then David said to the messenger, "Thus you shall tell Joab, 'Don't let this thing displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Make your battle stronger against the city, and overthrow it.' Encourage him."
      26 When the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she made lamentation for her husband.
      27 When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife, and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased Yahweh.

      2 Samuel 12

      1 Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, "There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
      2 The rich man had very many flocks and herds,
      3 but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him, and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was to him like a daughter.
      4 A traveler came to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man who had come to him."
      5 David's anger was greatly kindled against the man, and he said to Nathan, "As Yahweh lives, the man who has done this is worthy to die!
      6 He shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity!"
      7 Nathan said to David, "You are the man. This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: 'I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.
      8 I gave you your master's house, and your master's wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.
      9 Why have you despised the word of Yahweh, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
      10 Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me, and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.'
      11 "This is what Yahweh says: 'Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.
      12 For you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.'"
      13 David said to Nathan, "I have sinned against Yahweh." Nathan said to David, "Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.
      14 However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to Yahweh's enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you shall surely die."
      15 Nathan departed to his house. Yahweh struck the child that Uriah's wife bore to David, and it was very sick.
      16 David therefore begged God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night on the earth.
      17 The elders of his house arose beside him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.
      18 It happened on the seventh day, that the child died. The servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said, "Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him, and he didn't listen to our voice. How will he then harm himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?"
      19 But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said to his servants, "Is the child dead?" They said, "He is dead."
      20 Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his clothing; and he came into the house of Yahweh, and worshiped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he ate.
      21 Then his servants said to him, "What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive; but when the child was dead, you rose up and ate bread."
      22 He said, "While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, 'Who knows whether Yahweh will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?'
      23 But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me."
      24 David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Yahweh loved him;
      25 and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he named him Jedidiah, for Yahweh's sake.
      26 Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
      27 Joab sent messengers to David, and said, "I have fought against Rabbah. Yes, I have taken the city of waters.
      28 Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called after my name."
      29 David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.
      30 He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David's head. He brought out the spoil of the city, exceeding much.
      31 He brought out the people who were therein, and put them under saws, and under iron picks, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick kiln: and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

      2 Samuel 17

      27 It happened, when David had come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,

      1 Chroniques 20

      1 It happened, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, that Joab led forth the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. Joab struck Rabbah, and overthrew it.
      2 David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it; and it was set on David's head: and he brought forth the spoil of the city, exceeding much.
      3 He brought forth the people who were therein, and cut them with saws, and with iron picks, and with axes. David did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

      Jérémie 49

      2 Therefore behold, the days come, says Yahweh, that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the children of Ammon; and it shall become a desolate heap, and her daughters shall be burned with fire: then shall Israel possess those who possessed him, says Yahweh.
      3 Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste; cry, you daughters of Rabbah, clothe yourself in sackcloth: lament, and run back and forth among the fences; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.

      Ezéchiel 21

      20 You shall appoint a way for the sword to come to Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and to Judah in Jerusalem the fortified.
      25 You, deadly wounded wicked one, the prince of Israel, whose day has come, in the time of the iniquity of the end,

      Ezéchiel 25

      5 I will make Rabbah a stable for camels, and the children of Ammon a resting place for flocks: and you shall know that I am Yahweh.

      Amos 1

      14 But I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it will devour its palaces, with shouting in the day of battle, with a storm in the day of the whirlwind;
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