Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne. Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

SACRIFICES ET OFFRANDES (3.)

III Etendue de l'expiation par le sacrifice.

Ici nous nous trouvons sur un terrain difficile, et cela à deux points de vue :

a) l'expiation ne vise pas également tous les péchés ;

b) le pardon est souvent annoncé en dehors de toute expiation par le sacrifice.

Pour arriver à quelque clarté, il faut distinguer deux domaines :

celui de la loi ou de l'Israélite comme membre de la communauté,

celui de la piété intérieure ou de l'Israélite dans ses rapports directs avec Dieu.

_________

Nous rappelons que dans l'A. T, l'alliance divine est faite avec la communauté. C'est à la communauté que sont promises la protection et la bénédiction de l'Éternel ; c'est à elle aussi qu'est donnée la loi dont l'observation est la contre-partie humaine de l'oeuvre de Dieu. Naturellement tout Israélite, en tant que membre de la communauté, a droit aux grâces assurées à l'ensemble, s'il demeure dans la ligne tracée à la communauté et ne se rend pas indigne d'en faire partie. Normalement c'est ce qui devrait toujours être. Le membre de la communauté est censé posséder in abstracto toutes les qualités voulues d'un vrai serviteur de l'Éternel. Mais, dès qu'il se rend coupable d'une faute quelconque, il brise le lien qui l'unit à la communauté, il n'est plus dans les conditions voulues pour en faire partie, il est privé par conséquent des grâces assurées à la communauté, et la communauté elle-même est souillée par sa présence. Il faut nécessairement une réparation qui lui rende la position perdue et fasse disparaître la tache imprimée à la communauté ; ou, si la faute est trop grave, il faut que la communauté soit débarrassée d'un membre qui attire sur elle la colère de Dieu. C'est ici que la loi intervient d'un côté avec les sacrifices expiatoires, de l'autre avec les peines qu'elle inflige ; le souci du bien de l'ensemble nous explique le traitement différent qu'elle prévoit pour les différentes catégories de péchés.

Elle distinguait, d'après le degré d'intention coupable, entre péchés commis par « erreur » (bichegâgâ) ou péchés involontaires, et péchés commis « à main levée » (beyâd râmâh), actes de révolte ouverte contre Dieu, transgressions réfléchies et intentionnelles des commandements divins. Les péchés « à main levée » n'étaient pas expiables par les sacrifices, parce qu'ils étaient une rupture volontaire de l'alliance qu'il n'était plus possible de réparer ; la seule expiation qui pût mettre la communauté à l'abri était l'éloignement définitif des coupables par la mort. En revanche, les péchés involontaires n'étaient qu'une tache faite à la communauté ; le coupable était un membre indigne, mais encore un membre, et Dieu voulait bien ne pas tenir compte de sa faute, une fois qu'elle avait été couverte par les sacrifices que lui-même avait institués pour cela. Voir Le 4 Le 5, No 15:22-31, qui disent très clairement que le sacrifice pour le péché et le sacrifice de culpabilité ne sont prévus que pour des fautes involontaires, soit des individus, soit de l'assemblée dans son ensemble. Notons qu'il ne s'agit pas uniquement de fautes rituelles, comme on l'a dit, mais de toute transgression d'un commandement quelconque de l'Éternel, comme le disent en termes très clairs Le 4:13,27, No 15:22, et comme le prouvent Le 19:20-22 (inconduite avec une esclave fiancée) et Le 5:1,6 (où deux des cas prévus sont de nature morale). Mais, dans certains cas, l'expiation n'était complète que s'il y avait réparation matérielle du tort fait au prochain (Le 5:14-16, 6:1-7).

--La loi envisageait certains péchés comme toujours involontaires, donc comme toujours expiables ; ainsi ceux qui figurent dans les passages que nous venons de rappeler, puis ceux que Ps 25:7 et Job 13:26 appellent des péchés de jeunesse, ou les fautes cachées dont parle Ps 19:13, c'est-à-dire les fautes que l'on commet sans le savoir, d'une manière générale tous les péchés qui étaient la conséquence des faiblesses de notre nature ou d'un entraînement irréfléchi. --En revanche, un certain nombre de péchés étaient rangés par la loi en tout état de cause dans les péchés non expiables : ainsi le meurtre volontaire (No 35), l'adultère avec une femme mariée, l'inceste, les unions contre nature, l'évocation des esprits, l'adoration des faux dieux (Le 20:1,18,27), la violation du sabbat (No 15:32,36), toutes ces choses étaient des souillures pour le pays, qui ne pouvait être purifié que par l'extermination des coupables.

--Mais, quand il n'y avait que péché involontaire (et la notion était poussée assez loin), le sacrifice expiatoire, don de la grâce de Dieu à son peuple, rétablissait le pécheur dans sa qualité de membre de la communauté et lui assurait à nouveau la protection et la bénédiction de l'Éternel. Naturellement, l'acte extérieur devait être accompagné des dispositions intérieures qu'il suppose : la repentance de la faute et le désir profond d'être vraiment débarrassé de la coulpe du péché. Aussi la loi réclame-t-elle qu'en offrant le sacrifice d'expiation le pécheur confesse son péché (Le 5:5 16:21), quoique le plus souvent elle suppose les sentiments voulus sans les exiger expressément. Une fois l'expiation faite, le coupable pouvait se sentir parfaitement en règle avec Dieu et compter sur tous les privilèges accordés à son peuple.

Cependant, quand nous passons au second domaine dont nous avons parlé plus haut, celui de l'Israélite dans ses rapports personnels avec Dieu, nous constatons que, soit dans les psaumes, soit chez les prophètes, le sentiment de la pleine réconciliation avec Dieu n'est pas rattaché à l'expiation par le sacrifice. Cela se comprendrait dans une certaine mesure avant l'exil, quand les prophètes polémisaient contre les sacrifices à cause de leur couleur cananéenne et des sentiments fâcheux qui les accompagnaient ; mais quand le culte fut définitivement organisé, qu'il devint une loi positive de l'Éternel et les sacrifices des moyens de grâce institués par Dieu lui-même, il semblerait que le pardon dût en tout temps être rattaché à l'expiation par le sacrifice. Or nous constatons dans les psaumes, qui reflètent certainement les sentiments de la communauté postexilique, les mêmes paroles que chez les anciens prophètes. Non seulement le pardon est attendu et cherché en dehors des sacrifices, mais on met les moyens qui le procurent dans une certaine opposition avec les prescriptions légales. C'est ainsi que l'auteur du Ps 51 ne se contente pas d'attribuer le pardon à la pure grâce de Dieu, mais déclare positivement (verset 18 et suivant) : « Si tu eusses voulu des sacrifices, je t'en aurais offert, mais tu ne prends point plaisir aux holocaustes. Les sacrifices qui sont agréables à Dieu sont un esprit brisé. O Dieu, tu ne méprises pas un coeur froissé et brisé. » Cf. Ps 50:7,15 69:30,32 32:5 103:8-14 qui expriment les mêmes pensées. Ailleurs, le pardon est rattaché à un changement de vie, ou à des oeuvres qui sont particulièrement agréables à Dieu (Mic 6:6,8, Pr 16:6, Da 4:27, Esa 58:6,9 55:7 ; cf. Joe 2:12,14, Eze 18:21,23, qui insistent également sur le changement de vie). Tout ce courant de pensées, à côté de la loi, ne se comprendrait pas si l'expiation par le sacrifice avait pleinement répondu à toutes les aspirations profondes de l'Israélite.

On ne peut pas résoudre la difficulté en disant que les passages cités visent uniquement la communauté, que celle-ci pouvait aussi se rendre coupable de péchés « à main levée », qu'elle n'avait alors d'autre moyen de salut que la repentance et le changement de vie ; c'est tout à fait contraire au sens de plusieurs d'entre eux, qui concernent des individus (Ps 51 Ps 32, Pr 16:6, Da 4:27), et du reste ces passages ne distinguent pas entre péchés volontaires et péchés involontaires ; ils parlent du péché en général. --On ne peut pas non plus se tirer d'affaire en admettant deux tendances opposées dans le sein du peuple : les uns cherchant le pardon dans les sacrifices et les autres ailleurs. L'explication serait possible avant l'exil, et en fait elle est admissible par Mic 6:6,8, mais après l'exil les deux tendances existaient paisiblement dans le sein de la communauté : les sacrifices étaient pratiqués par tout le monde, et on n'en répétait pas moins les paroles des anciens prophètes ou des psalmistes, vieux et nouveaux, qui cherchaient ailleurs que dans les sacrifices le pardon des péchés. Il y a un essai de conciliation dans l'adjonction faite au Ps 51:18 et suivant : « Répands par ta grâce tes bienfaits sur Sion. Alors tu agréeras des sacrifices de justice, des holocaustes et des victimes entières... » Mais d'une façon générale les deux manières de rentrer en grâce auprès de Dieu sont exprimées indépendamment l'une de l'autre, sans qu'il soit dit comment les fidèles de l'A. T, les mettaient d'accord dans leur vie personnelle.

La solution du problème doit être cherchée dans le sentiment que la grâce de Dieu était à la base des deux conceptions. L'expiation par le sacrifice était un moyen que l'Éternel lui-même avait donné à son peuple pour lui assurer la continuation de ses bienfaits. Mais les fidèles vraiment désireux de se sentir en parfaite communion avec lui ne pouvaient pas ne pas se rendre compte que les sacrifices d'animaux étaient incapables d'effacer toutes les fautes dont ils étaient coupables. Les péchés étaient trop nombreux et trop divers pour qu'il fût possible d'offrir chaque fois un sacrifice. Une conscience droite devait, ne fût-ce qu'au point de vue quantitatif, constater un grand écart entre la somme des péchés et la somme du sang versé. A cela s'ajoutait une raison plus profonde. Une conscience troublée n'était pas apaisée par la simple présentation d'un sacrifice ; il n'y avait pas, au point de vue qualitatif, correspondance entre la grandeur de la culpabilité et le sang d'une victime animale. (cf. Heb 9:9,14 10:1,4) Pour trouver la paix, l'âme devait saisir en quelque sorte au delà du sacrifice la grâce qui l'avait institué. Mais cela, elle ne pouvait le faire que si elle apportait à Dieu les sentiments qui rendaient la grâce possible : une sincère repentance et le désir profond d'obéir désormais aux commandements de la loi. Il va sans dire que l'acte extérieur et l'acte intérieur ne s'excluaient pas. Le second aurait dû toujours accompagner le premier. Mais cet acte intérieur, qui donnait au sacrifice sa véritable valeur, n'était pas nécessaire seulement devant l'autel. L'esprit froissé et brisé, la repentance sincère, le désir vrai d'une vie plus fidèle devaient se retrouver dans le coeur de l'Israélite après chaque faute, qu'il se présentât ou ne se présentât pas à l'autel pour offrir un sacrifice, s'il voulait continuer à être l'objet de la grâce divine. Les dispositions intimes devenaient par là même en dehors du sacrifice un moyen propre d'expiation. Et, puisqu'elles étaient nécessaires même quand il y avait sacrifice, elles s'imposaient comme ayant une valeur supérieure à la présentation des victimes. Les actes rituels n'avaient plus qu'une place secondaire. Il fallait avant tout les dispositions agréables à Dieu, en d'autres termes l'expiation spirituelle. C'était en réalité cela seul qui assurait d'une manière durable la continuation des liens personnels de chaque membre de la communauté avec le Dieu de l'alliance. On laissait donc aux sacrifices la place qui leur était réservée, et on s'en remettait directement à la grâce d'En-haut pour obtenir le pardon de ses fautes, en attendant que vînt le moment où, dans le sacrifice d'une victime digne de Dieu, le fidèle trouvât à la fois une expiation valable pour tous ses péchés et la pleine assurance de la réconciliation avec le Maître des cieux et de la terre devenu son Père céleste. Voir Expiation, Propitiation, Rédemption. CONSULTER

--Les divers manuels de Théologie de l'A.T., d'Histoire de la religion d'Israël ou d'Antiquités bibliques.

--G.B. Gray, Sacrifice in the O.T. 1925.

--A. Loisy, Essai historique sur le sacrifice, 1920.

--Ad. Lods, Eléments anciens et éléments modernes dans le rituel du sacrifice israélite (Rev. Strasb. 1928).

-R. Dussaud, Les origines cananéennes du sacrifice israélite,

1921. L. A.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      Lévitique 5

      1 "'If anyone sins, in that he hears the voice of adjuration, he being a witness, whether he has seen or known, if he doesn't report it, then he shall bear his iniquity.
      2 "'Or if anyone touches any unclean thing, whether it is the carcass of an unclean animal, or the carcass of unclean livestock, or the carcass of unclean creeping things, and it is hidden from him, and he is unclean, then he shall be guilty.
      3 "'Or if he touches the uncleanness of man, whatever his uncleanness is with which he is unclean, and it is hidden from him; when he knows of it, then he shall be guilty.
      4 "'Or if anyone swears rashly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatever it is that a man might utter rashly with an oath, and it is hidden from him; when he knows of it, then he shall be guilty of one of these.
      5 It shall be, when he is guilty of one of these, he shall confess that in which he has sinned:
      6 and he shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh for his sin which he has sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin.
      7 "'If he can't afford a lamb, then he shall bring his trespass offering for that in which he has sinned, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, to Yahweh; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.
      8 He shall bring them to the priest, who shall first offer the one which is for the sin offering, and wring off its head from its neck, but shall not sever it completely.
      9 He shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering.
      10 He shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the ordinance; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin which he has sinned, and he shall be forgiven.
      11 "'But if he can't afford two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he shall bring his offering for that in which he has sinned, the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it, neither shall he put any frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.
      12 He shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it as the memorial portion, and burn it on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. It is a sin offering.
      13 The priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned in any of these things, and he will be forgiven; and the rest shall be the priest's, as the meal offering.'"
      14 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      15 "If anyone commits a trespass, and sins unwittingly, in the holy things of Yahweh; then he shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh, a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your estimation in silver by shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering.
      16 He shall make restitution for that which he has done wrong in the holy thing, and shall add a fifth part to it, and give it to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and he will be forgiven.
      17 "If anyone sins, and does any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done; though he didn't know it, yet he is guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.
      18 He shall bring a ram without blemish from of the flock, according to your estimation, for a trespass offering, to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning the thing in which he sinned and didn't know it, and he will be forgiven.
      19 It is a trespass offering. He is certainly guilty before Yahweh."

      Lévitique 6

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

      Lévitique 16

      21 Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions, even all their sins; and he shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness.

      Lévitique 19

      20 "'If a man lies carnally with a woman who is a slave girl, pledged to be married to another man, and not ransomed, or given her freedom; they shall be punished. They shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
      21 He shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, even a ram for a trespass offering.
      22 The priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before Yahweh for his sin which he has committed: and the sin which he has committed shall be forgiven him.

      Lévitique 20

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      18 "'If a man lies with a woman having her monthly period, and uncovers her nakedness; he has made naked her fountain, and she has uncovered the fountain of her blood: and both of them shall be cut off from among their people.
      27 "'A man or a woman that is a medium, or is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones; their blood shall be upon them.'"

      Nombres 15

      22 "'When you shall err, and not observe all these commandments, which Yahweh has spoken to Moses,
      23 even all that Yahweh has commanded you by Moses, from the day that Yahweh gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations;
      24 then it shall be, if it be done unwittingly, without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bull for a burnt offering, for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh, with the meal offering of it, and the drink offering of it, according to the ordinance, and one male goat for a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and they shall be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to Yahweh, and their sin offering before Yahweh, for their error:
      26 and all the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, and the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them; for in respect of all the people it was done unwittingly.
      27 "'If one person sins unwittingly, then he shall offer a female goat a year old for a sin offering.
      28 The priest shall make atonement for the soul who errs, when he sins unwittingly, before Yahweh, to make atonement for him; and he shall be forgiven.
      29 You shall have one law for him who does anything unwittingly, for him who is native-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them.
      30 "'But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native-born or a foreigner, the same blasphemes Yahweh; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
      31 Because he has despised the word of Yahweh, and has broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity shall be on him.'"
      32 While the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day.
      36 All the congregation brought him outside of the camp, and stoned him to death with stones; as Yahweh commanded Moses.

      Nombres 35

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying,
      2 "Command the children of Israel that they give to the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and you shall give suburbs for the cities around them to the Levites.
      3 The cities shall they have to dwell in; and their suburbs shall be for their livestock, and for their substance, and for all their animals.
      4 "The suburbs of the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall be from the wall of the city and outward one thousand cubits around it.
      5 You shall measure outside of the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the midst. This shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.
      6 "The cities which you shall give to the Levites, they shall be the six cities of refuge, which you shall give for the manslayer to flee to: and besides them you shall give forty-two cities.
      7 All the cities which you shall give to the Levites shall be forty-eight cities together with their suburbs.
      8 Concerning the cities which you shall give of the possession of the children of Israel, from the many you shall take many; and from the few you shall take few: everyone according to his inheritance which he inherits shall give of his cities to the Levites."
      9 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      10 "Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, 'When you pass over the Jordan into the land of Canaan,
      11 then you shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.
      12 The cities shall be to you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer not die, until he stands before the congregation for judgment.
      13 The cities which you shall give shall be for you six cities of refuge.
      14 You shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and you shall give three cities in the land of Canaan; they shall be cities of refuge.
      15 For the children of Israel, and for the stranger and for the foreigner living among them, shall these six cities be for refuge; that everyone who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.
      16 "'But if he struck him with an instrument of iron, so that he died, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
      17 If he struck him with a stone in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
      18 Or if he struck him with a weapon of wood in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
      19 The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death: when he meets him, he shall put him to death.
      20 If he thrust him of hatred, or hurled at him, lying in wait, so that he died,
      21 or in enmity struck him with his hand, so that he died; he who struck him shall surely be put to death; he is a murderer: the avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death, when he meets him.
      22 "'But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or hurled on him anything without lying in wait,
      23 or with any stone, by which a man may die, not seeing him, and cast it on him, so that he died, and he was not his enemy, neither sought his harm;
      24 then the congregation shall judge between the striker and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances;
      25 and the congregation shall deliver the manslayer out of the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge, where he was fled: and he shall dwell therein until the death of the high priest, who was anointed with the holy oil.
      26 "'But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the border of his city of refuge, where he flees,
      27 and the avenger of blood find him outside of the border of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kill the manslayer; he shall not be guilty of blood,
      28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest the manslayer shall return into the land of his possession.
      29 "'These things shall be for a statute and ordinance to you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
      30 "'Whoever kills any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die.
      31 "'Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.
      32 "'You shall take no ransom for him who is fled to his city of refuge, that he may come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest.
      33 "'So you shall not pollute the land in which you are: for blood, it pollutes the land; and no expiation can be made for the land for the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him who shed it.
      34 You shall not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell: for I, Yahweh, dwell in the midst of the children of Israel.'"

      Job 13

      26 For you write bitter things against me, and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth:

      Psaumes 19

      13 Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins. Let them not have dominion over me. Then I will be upright. I will be blameless and innocent of great transgression.

      Psaumes 25

      7 Don't remember the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions. Remember me according to your loving kindness, for your goodness' sake, Yahweh.

      Psaumes 32

      1 <> Blessed is he whose disobedience is forgiven, whose sin is covered.
      2 Blessed is the man to whom Yahweh doesn't impute iniquity, in whose spirit there is no deceit.
      3 When I kept silence, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long.
      4 For day and night your hand was heavy on me. My strength was sapped in the heat of summer. Selah.
      5 I acknowledged my sin to you. I didn't hide my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to Yahweh, and you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.
      6 For this, let everyone who is godly pray to you in a time when you may be found. Surely when the great waters overflow, they shall not reach to him.
      7 You are my hiding place. You will preserve me from trouble. You will surround me with songs of deliverance. Selah.
      8 I will instruct you and teach you in the way which you shall go. I will counsel you with my eye on you.
      9 Don't be like the horse, or like the mule, which have no understanding, who are controlled by bit and bridle, or else they will not come near to you.
      10 Many sorrows come to the wicked, but loving kindness shall surround him who trusts in Yahweh.
      11 Be glad in Yahweh, and rejoice, you righteous! Shout for joy, all you who are upright in heart!

      Psaumes 50

      7 "Hear, my people, and I will speak; Israel, and I will testify against you. I am God, your God.
      15 Call on me in the day of trouble. I will deliver you, and you will honor me."

      Psaumes 51

      1 <> Have mercy on me, God, according to your loving kindness. According to the multitude of your tender mercies, blot out my transgressions.
      2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity. Cleanse me from my sin.
      3 For I know my transgressions. My sin is constantly before me.
      4 Against you, and you only, have I sinned, and done that which is evil in your sight; that you may be proved right when you speak, and justified when you judge.
      5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity. In sin my mother conceived me.
      6 Behold, you desire truth in the inward parts. You teach me wisdom in the inmost place.
      7 Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean. Wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
      8 Let me hear joy and gladness, That the bones which you have broken may rejoice.
      9 Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all of my iniquities.
      10 Create in me a clean heart, O God. Renew a right spirit within me.
      11 Don't throw me from your presence, and don't take your holy Spirit from me.
      12 Restore to me the joy of your salvation. Uphold me with a willing spirit.
      13 Then I will teach transgressors your ways. Sinners shall be converted to you.
      14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, the God of my salvation. My tongue shall sing aloud of your righteousness.
      15 Lord, open my lips. My mouth shall declare your praise.
      16 For you don't delight in sacrifice, or else I would give it. You have no pleasure in burnt offering.
      17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. A broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.
      18 Do well in your good pleasure to Zion. Build the walls of Jerusalem.
      19 Then you will delight in the sacrifices of righteousness, in burnt offerings and in whole burnt offerings. Then they will offer bulls on your altar.

      Psaumes 69

      30 I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving.
      32 The humble have seen it, and are glad. You who seek after God, let your heart live.

      Psaumes 103

      8 Yahweh is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness.

      Proverbes 16

      6 By mercy and truth iniquity is atoned for. By the fear of Yahweh men depart from evil.

      Esaïe 55

      7 let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; and let him return to Yahweh, and he will have mercy on him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

      Esaïe 58

      6 "Isn't this the fast that I have chosen: to release the bonds of wickedness, to undo the bands of the yoke, and to let the oppressed go free, and that you break every yoke?
      9 Then you shall call, and Yahweh will answer; you shall cry, and he will say, 'Here I am.' "If you take away from the midst of you the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking wickedly;

      Ezéchiel 18

      21 But if the wicked turn from all his sins that he has committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      23 Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked? says the Lord Yahweh; and not rather that he should return from his way, and live?

      Daniel 4

      27 Therefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable to you, and break off your sins by righteousness, and your iniquities by showing mercy to the poor; if there may be a lengthening of your tranquility.

      Joël 2

      12 "Yet even now," says Yahweh, "turn to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning."
      14 Who knows? He may turn and relent, and leave a blessing behind him, even a meal offering and a drink offering to Yahweh, your God.

      Michée 6

      6 How shall I come before Yahweh, and bow myself before the exalted God? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old?
      8 He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

      Hébreux 9

      9 which is a symbol of the present age, where gifts and sacrifices are offered that are incapable, concerning the conscience, of making the worshipper perfect;
      14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

      Hébreux 10

      1 For the law, having a shadow of the good to come, not the very image of the things, can never with the same sacrifices year by year, which they offer continually, make perfect those who draw near.
      4 For it is impossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins.
    • Ajouter une colonne
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.