Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

SENTINELLE

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Généralement, dans l'A. T, ce terme représente l'hébreu tsûphèh, du verbe tsâphâh =guetter, dont le principal dérivé est mitspa =lieu d'observation, tour de garde, souvent employé comme nom propre (voir Mitspa).

Le tsôphèh est la sentinelle qui monte la garde, à une porte, sur une tour, un rempart, qui se tient attentive à son poste de surveillance (1Sa 14:16,2Sa 13:34 18:24,2Ro 9:17 et suivants, Esa 52:8). Le champ de Tsophim (No 23:14), c'est le champ des Sentinelles (trad. Cramp.).

Les prophètes s'appliquent à eux-mêmes la comparaison de sentinelles de l'Éternel, qui exprime une partie essentielle de leur mission d'observateurs vigilants et de fidèles avertisseurs (Mic 7:4, Esa 21:6 56:10, Jer 6:17) ; le passage classique à cet égard est Eze 33, où leur responsabilité est vigoureusement mise en lumière.

Un autre terme hébr., au sens plus général, chômer =garde, gardien (Ca 3:3 5:7), peut aussi désigner les sentinelles (Esa 21:11 62:6, Jer 51:12, Hab 2:1). Dans Ps 130:6 c'est le sens qu'on donne couramment au passage : les guetteurs de la nuit (Cramp.) sont suspendus à l'attente de l'aurore ; pourtant, quelques traducteurs suivent les versions LXX et Vulgate : « D'une garde du matin à la garde du matin [suivante], qu'Israël mette son espoir en l'Éternel ! » Dans l'apologue de Ec 12:5, le texte hébreu dit simplement « celles qui regardent par les fenêtres ».

Dans Ac 12:6, nous avons le mot grec phulakès ; il s'agit de gardiens de prison. Ce terme était commun dans la langue populaire ; un document grec d'Egypte du II° siècle l'emploie pour autoriser un certain « Sarapion à envoyer [dans un domaine] autant de sentinelles qu'il voudra, en vue de protéger les fruits, à la maturité ». --Voir Garde, Tour, Ville.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • Nombres 23

      14 He took him into the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.

      1 Samuel 14

      16 The watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and behold, the multitude melted away, and scattered.

      2 Samuel 13

      34 But Absalom fled. The young man who kept the watch lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold, many people were coming by way of the hillside behind him.

      Psaumes 130

      6 My soul longs for the Lord more than watchmen long for the morning; more than watchmen for the morning.

      Ecclésiaste 12

      5 yes, they shall be afraid of heights, and terrors will be in the way; and the almond tree shall blossom, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail; because man goes to his everlasting home, and the mourners go about the streets:

      Cantique 3

      3 The watchmen who go about the city found me; "Have you seen him whom my soul loves?"

      Cantique 5

      7 The watchmen who go about the city found me. They beat me. They bruised me. The keepers of the walls took my cloak away from me.

      Esaïe 21

      6 For the Lord said to me, "Go, set a watchman. Let him declare what he sees.
      11 The burden of Dumah. One calls to me out of Seir, "Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?"

      Esaïe 52

      8 The voice of your watchmen! they lift up the voice, together do they sing; for they shall see eye to eye, when Yahweh returns to Zion.

      Esaïe 56

      10 His watchmen are blind, they are all without knowledge; they are all mute dogs, they can't bark; dreaming, lying down, loving to slumber.

      Esaïe 62

      6 I have set watchmen on your walls, Jerusalem; they shall never hold their peace day nor night: you who call on Yahweh, take no rest,

      Jérémie 6

      17 I set watchmen over you, saying, 'Listen to the sound of the trumpet!' But they said, 'We will not listen!'

      Jérémie 51

      12 Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set the watchmen, prepare the ambushes; for Yahweh has both purposed and done that which he spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.

      Ezéchiel 33

      1 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      2 Son of man, speak to the children of your people, and tell them, When I bring the sword on a land, and the people of the land take a man from among them, and set him for their watchman;
      3 if, when he sees the sword come on the land, he blow the trumpet, and warn the people;
      4 then whoever hears the sound of the trumpet, and doesn't take warning, if the sword come, and take him away, his blood shall be on his own head.
      5 He heard the sound of the trumpet, and didn't take warning; his blood shall be on him; whereas if he had taken warning, he would have delivered his soul.
      6 But if the watchman sees the sword come, and doesn't blow the trumpet, and the people aren't warned, and the sword comes, and take any person from among them; he is taken away in his iniquity, but his blood will I require at the watchman's hand.
      7 So you, son of man, I have set you a watchman to the house of Israel; therefore hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me.
      8 When I tell the wicked, O wicked man, you shall surely die, and you don't speak to warn the wicked from his way; that wicked man shall die in his iniquity, but his blood will I require at your hand.
      9 Nevertheless, if you warn the wicked of his way to turn from it, and he doesn't turn from his way; he shall die in his iniquity, but you have delivered your soul.
      10 You, son of man, tell the house of Israel: Thus you speak, saying, Our transgressions and our sins are on us, and we pine away in them; how then can we live?
      11 Tell them, As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn, turn from your evil ways; for why will you die, house of Israel?
      12 You, son of man, tell the children of your people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his disobedience; and as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall thereby in the day that he turns from his wickedness; neither shall he who is righteous be able to live thereby in the day that he sins.
      13 When I tell the righteous, that he shall surely live; if he trust to his righteousness, and commit iniquity, none of his righteous deeds shall be remembered; but in his iniquity that he has committed, therein shall he die.
      14 Again, when I say to the wicked, You shall surely die; if he turn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right;
      15 if the wicked restore the pledge, give again that which he had taken by robbery, walk in the statutes of life, committing no iniquity; he shall surely live, he shall not die.
      16 None of his sins that he has committed shall be remembered against him: he has done that which is lawful and right; he shall surely live.
      17 Yet the children of your people say, The way of the Lord is not equal: but as for them, their way is not equal.
      18 When the righteous turns from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, he shall even die therein.
      19 When the wicked turns from his wickedness, and does that which is lawful and right, he shall live thereby.
      20 Yet you say, The way of the Lord is not equal. House of Israel, I will judge every one of you after his ways.
      21 It happened in the twelfth year of our captivity, in the tenth [month], in the fifth [day] of the month, that one who had escaped out of Jerusalem came to me, saying, The city has been struck.
      22 Now the hand of Yahweh had been on me in the evening, before he who was escaped came; and he had opened my mouth, until he came to me in the morning; and my mouth was opened, and I was no more mute.
      23 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      24 Son of man, they who inhabit those waste places in the land of Israel speak, saying, Abraham was one, and he inherited the land: but we are many; the land is given us for inheritance.
      25 Therefore tell them, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: You eat with the blood, and lift up your eyes to your idols, and shed blood: and shall you possess the land?
      26 You stand on your sword, you work abomination, and every one of you defiles his neighbor's wife: and shall you possess the land?
      27 You shall tell them, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: As I live, surely those who are in the waste places shall fall by the sword; and him who is in the open field will I give to the animals to be devoured; and those who are in the strongholds and in the caves shall die of the pestilence.
      28 I will make the land a desolation and an astonishment; and the pride of her power shall cease; and the mountains of Israel shall be desolate, so that none shall pass through.
      29 Then shall they know that I am Yahweh, when I have made the land a desolation and an astonishment, because of all their abominations which they have committed.
      30 As for you, son of man, the children of your people talk of you by the walls and in the doors of the houses, and speak one to another, everyone to his brother, saying, Please come and hear what is the word that comes forth from Yahweh.
      31 They come to you as the people come, and they sit before you as my people, and they hear your words, but don't do them; for with their mouth they show much love, but their heart goes after their gain.
      32 Behold, you are to them as a very lovely song of one who has a pleasant voice, and can play well on an instrument; for they hear your words, but they don't do them.
      33 When this comes to pass, (behold, it comes), then shall they know that a prophet has been among them.

      Michée 7

      4 The best of them is like a brier. The most upright is worse than a thorn hedge. The day of your watchmen, even your visitation, has come; now is the time of their confusion.

      Habacuc 2

      1 I will stand at my watch, and set myself on the ramparts, and will look out to see what he will say to me, and what I will answer concerning my complaint.

      Actes 12

      6 The same night when Herod was about to bring him out, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains. Guards in front of the door kept the prison.

      Romains 9

      17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, "For this very purpose I caused you to be raised up, that I might show in you my power, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth."
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