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TEIGNE

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Les mots hébreux âch et sâs, celui-ci devenu en grec ses, désignent à diverses reprises les petits insectes qui dévorent et dévastent les étoffes (Esa 50:9 51:8, Os 5:12, Lettre de Jérémie 12,73, Mt 6:19, Jas 5:2), et dont les dégâts rappellent à l'homme la fragilité de ses biens et de sa vie (Ps 39:12, Job 4:19 13:28).

Nos versions traduisent quelquefois par : vermisseau ou ver, noms vulgaires de larves, ou plus exactement de chenilles, car il s'agit de lépidoptères (papillons) : ce sont les diverses espèces de teignes (genre tinea, et toute la famille des tinéidés), appelées aussi mites ou gerces, qui s'enveloppent dans un fourreau soyeux fabriqué avec les matières dont elles se nourrissent : laine, plumes, fourrures, crin, soie, etc. ; peut-être y a-t-il une allusion à ce fourreau dans « la maison que se construit la teigne » (Job 27:18).

En Orient où ces insectes sont innombrables, ils étaient d'autant plus nuisibles que les « trésors » y consistaient principalement en étoffes de luxe, objets de riches cadeaux ou d'opulents achats. Aussi le Seigneur Jésus, exhortant ses disciples à placer le centre de leurs affections sur les valeurs éternelles et non sur les trésors précaires des fortunes d'ici-bas, ajoute-t-il à l'exemple des monnaies thésaurisées mais rongées de rouille celui des vêtements de prix collectionnés mais mangés des teignes (Mt 6:19 et suivant, Lu 12:33). Comp, ce passage de Pindare (Fragments, 222) : « L'or est enfant de Zeus : la teigne ni le ver ne le dévorent. »

L'adjectif composé grec sêtobrôtos =mangé des vers, qu'on ne connaît que dans Jas 5:2 et Job 13:28 (LXX), a été retrouvé dans un oracle sibyllin, appliqué à des idoles de bois.

--Pour l'interprétation qui voit dans le nom hébreu âch ou aïch (Job 9:9 38:32) la constellation de la Teigne, c-à-d, des Hyades, voir Ourse.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Job 4

      19 How much more, those who dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth!

      Job 9

      9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the rooms of the south.

      Job 13

      28 though I am decaying like a rotten thing, like a garment that is moth-eaten.

      Job 27

      18 He builds his house as the moth, as a booth which the watchman makes.

      Job 38

      32 Can you lead forth the constellations in their season? Or can you guide the Bear with her cubs?

      Psaumes 39

      12 "Hear my prayer, Yahweh, and give ear to my cry. Don't be silent at my tears. For I am a stranger with you, a foreigner, as all my fathers were.

      Esaïe 50

      9 Behold, the Lord Yahweh will help me; who is he who shall condemn me? Behold, all they shall wax old as a garment, the moth shall eat them up.

      Esaïe 51

      8 For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool; but my righteousness shall be forever, and my salvation to all generations."

      Jérémie 12

      1 You are righteous, Yahweh, when I contend with you; yet I would reason the cause with you: why does the way of the wicked prosper? why are all they at ease who deal very treacherously?
      2 You have planted them, yes, they have taken root; they grow, yes, they bring forth fruit: you are near in their mouth, and far from their heart.
      3 But you, Yahweh, know me; you see me, and try my heart toward you: pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and prepare them for the day of slaughter.
      4 How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole country wither? for the wickedness of those who dwell therein, the animals are consumed, and the birds; because they said, He shall not see our latter end.
      5 If you have run with the footmen, and they have wearied you, then how can you contend with horses? and though in a land of peace you are secure, yet how will you do in the pride of the Jordan?
      6 For even your brothers, and the house of your father, even they have dealt treacherously with you; even they have cried aloud after you: don't believe them, though they speak beautiful words to you.
      7 I have forsaken my house, I have cast off my heritage; I have given the dearly beloved of my soul into the hand of her enemies.
      8 My heritage has become to me as a lion in the forest: she has uttered her voice against me; therefore I have hated her.
      9 Is my heritage to me as a speckled bird of prey? are the birds of prey against her all around? Go, assemble all the animals of the field, bring them to devour.
      10 Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
      11 They have made it a desolation; it mourns to me, being desolate; the whole land is made desolate, because no man lays it to heart.
      12 Destroyers have come on all the bare heights in the wilderness; for the sword of Yahweh devours from the one end of the land even to the other end of the land: no flesh has peace.
      13 They have sown wheat, and have reaped thorns; they have put themselves to pain, and profit nothing: and you shall be ashamed of your fruits, because of the fierce anger of Yahweh.
      14 Thus says Yahweh against all my evil neighbors, who touch the inheritance which I have caused my people Israel to inherit: behold, I will pluck them up from off their land, and will pluck up the house of Judah from among them.
      15 It shall happen, after that I have plucked them up, I will return and have compassion on them; and I will bring them again, every man to his heritage, and every man to his land.
      16 It shall happen, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, As Yahweh lives; even as they taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built up in the midst of my people.
      17 But if they will not hear, then will I pluck up that nation, plucking up and destroying it, says Yahweh.

      Osée 5

      12 Therefore I am to Ephraim like a moth, and to the house of Judah like rottenness.

      Matthieu 6

      19 "Don't lay up treasures for yourselves on the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break through and steal;

      Luc 12

      33 Sell that which you have, and give gifts to the needy. Make for yourselves purses which don't grow old, a treasure in the heavens that doesn't fail, where no thief approaches, neither moth destroys.

      Jacques 5

      2 Your riches are corrupted and your garments are moth-eaten.
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