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TONNERRE

Le tonnerre est le bruit éclatant qui accompagne l'éclair (voir ce mot) dans un orage ; il n'y a pas de tonnerre sans éclair, bien que souvent l'éclair ne soit pas visible ; par contre il peut y avoir certains éclairs sans tonnerre (certains éclairs d'orage, éclairs de chaleur, etc.). Le bruit du tonnerre est plus ou moins sec et violent ; si l'orage est lointain, le tonnerre devient un roulement sourd ; si l'orage est près, il se fait entendre comme un claquement plus ou moins répété et qui va en s'amortissant. Il semble que le tonnerre soit dû au choc que reçoivent les couches d'air déchirées par l'éclair : ce choc produit un bruit variable avec la distance et la configuration du sol et des nuages ; en effet, les nuages contribuent à accroître la durée du bruit, de même que les montagnes.

Le bruit du tonnerre accompagne immédiatement l'éclair, mais comme la lumière de l'éclair va très vite, tandis que le son chemine lentement dans l'atmosphère, il semble le suivre de plus ou moins loin ; l'éclair aura jailli d'autant plus loin que le tonnerre se sera fait attendre davantage (340 m. par seconde).

Bible. Les orages sont fréquents en Palestine, particulièrement en hiver : le tonnerre s'y fait souvent entendre, dans la saison des pluies orageuses (voir Pluie) d'hiver et de printemps ; dans les vallées il produit souvent un fracas terrible. On l'entend parfois l'été (1Sa 12:17). Comme tous les Sémites, les Israélites établissaient une liaison entre le tonnerre et la puissance divine ; il est un sujet d'effroi (Ex 9:28,1Sa 2:10, Job 37:2,4) ; les éclairs sont les flèches de l'arc de Yahvé et le tonnerre est sa voix (Ex 9:23-34 19:16 20:18, 1Sa 7:10 12:17, Job 28:26 38:25) ; il manifeste la volonté et la puissance divines (Job 26:14, Ps 29:3, Esa 29:6) ; il disperse les ennemis (1Sa 7:10, Ps 77:18 81:8) ; il est un signe (Ex 19:16 20:18,1Sa 12:17, Jn 12:29). Pour le surnom « fils du tonnerre » (Mr 3:17), voir BOANERGES.

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      Exode 9

      23 Moses stretched out his rod toward the heavens, and Yahweh sent thunder, hail, and lightning flashed down to the earth. Yahweh rained hail on the land of Egypt.
      24 So there was very severe hail, and lightning mixed with the hail, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
      25 The hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and animal; and the hail struck every herb of the field, and broke every tree of the field.
      26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, there was no hail.
      27 Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, "I have sinned this time. Yahweh is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
      28 Pray to Yahweh; for there has been enough of mighty thunderings and hail. I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer."
      29 Moses said to him, "As soon as I have gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands to Yahweh. The thunders shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that you may know that the earth is Yahweh's.
      30 But as for you and your servants, I know that you don't yet fear Yahweh God."
      31 The flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was in bloom.
      32 But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they had not grown up.
      33 Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands to Yahweh; and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured on the earth.
      34 When Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

      Exode 19

      16 It happened on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud trumpet; and all the people who were in the camp trembled.

      Exode 20

      18 All the people perceived the thunderings, the lightnings, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking. When the people saw it, they trembled, and stayed at a distance.

      1 Samuel 2

      10 Those who strive with Yahweh shall be broken to pieces. He will thunder against them in the sky. "Yahweh will judge the ends of the earth. He will give strength to his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed."

      1 Samuel 7

      10 As Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel; but Yahweh thundered with a great thunder on that day on the Philistines, and confused them; and they were struck down before Israel.

      1 Samuel 12

      17 Isn't it wheat harvest today? I will call to Yahweh, that he may send thunder and rain; and you shall know and see that your wickedness is great, which you have done in the sight of Yahweh, in asking for a king."

      Job 26

      14 Behold, these are but the outskirts of his ways. How small a whisper do we hear of him! But the thunder of his power who can understand?"

      Job 28

      26 When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for the lightning of the thunder;

      Job 37

      2 Hear, oh, hear the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out of his mouth.
      4 After it a voice roars. He thunders with the voice of his majesty. He doesn't hold back anything when his voice is heard.

      Job 38

      25 Who has cut a channel for the flood water, or the path for the thunderstorm;

      Psaumes 29

      3 Yahweh's voice is on the waters. The God of glory thunders, even Yahweh on many waters.

      Psaumes 77

      18 The voice of your thunder was in the whirlwind. The lightnings lit up the world. The earth trembled and shook.

      Psaumes 81

      8 "Hear, my people, and I will testify to you, Israel, if you would listen to me!

      Esaïe 29

      6 She will be visited by Yahweh of Armies with thunder, with earthquake, with great noise, with whirlwind and storm, and with the flame of a devouring fire.

      Marc 3

      17 James the son of Zebedee; John, the brother of James, and he surnamed them Boanerges, which means, Sons of Thunder;

      Jean 12

      29 The multitude therefore, who stood by and heard it, said that it had thundered. Others said, "An angel has spoken to him."
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