VALLÉE

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Étendue de terrain comprise entre deux montagnes et contenant ordinairement le lit de quelque cours d'eau. La vallée peut être très étroite et se présenter comme un défilé, que nous appelons gorge, ou s'élargir jusqu'à mériter le nom de plaine. Aussi les mots plaine et vallée sont-ils parfois équivalents pour désigner une même contrée.

La Bible nomme un très grand nombre de vallées, d'importance assez variable, depuis un simple lit de torrent jusqu'à de fertiles étendues ; le vallon est une vallée assez large et riante (Esa 40:4), mais ce terme est rare (Esa 7:19).

Citons les vallées d'Acor (Jos 7:26), de Rephaïm ou des Géants (Jos 15:8 18:16), de Hinnom (voir ce mot, et Géhenne) sous Jérusalem, coulant vers le Cédron (Jos 15:8 18:16,2Ro 23:10, Jer 7:31), d'Escol (No 13:23 32:9, De 12:4), du Sel (2Sa 8:13,2 Ro 14:7,1Ch 18:12,2Ch 25:11), de Siddim (Ge 14:3,8,10), de Baca (Ps 84:7), de Beraca ou de Bénédiction (2Ch 20:26), de Bétyloua (Jug 12:7), des Cadavres (Jer 31:40), d'Ajalon (Jos 10:12), de Gabaon (Esa 28:21), de Gad (2Sa 24:5), de Gog (Eze 39:11,15), de Guérar (Ge 26:17), d'Hébron (Ge 37:14), de Jérico (De 34:3), de Jiphtach-El (Jos 19:14-27), de Jizréel (Jos 17:16), de Josaphat (Joe 3:2,12), du Jugement (Joe 3:14), de Méguiddo (2Ch 35:22), du Liban (Jos 12:7), des Montagnes (Za 14:5), d'Ono (Ne 6:2), des Ouvriers [charpentiers] (1Ch 4:14, Ne 11:35), du Roi (Ge 14:17,2Sa 18:18), de Savé (Ge 14:17), de Sittim ou des Acacias (Joe 3:18), de Sorek (Jug 16:4), de Succoth (Ps 60:8 108:8), des Térébinthes (1Sa 17:2), de Tséboïm (1Sa 13:18), de Tséphata (2Ch 14:10), des Visions (Esa 22:1,5), des Voyageurs ou Passants (Eze 39:11). Voir art. aux plus importants de ces divers noms.

La vallée est opposée à la montagne ; (Mich, 1:4, Jos 12:8,1Ro 20:28) c'est un lieu cultivé et frais (1Sa 6:13, Job 39:11) où jaillissent des sources (De 8:7, Esa 41:18), où les troupeaux trouvent aisément leur pâture (1Ch 27:29,2Ch 26:10). Il est facile d'y creuser des puits pour obtenir de l'eau, élément indispensable et rare en Palestine (Ge 26:17-19,2 Ro 3:16) ; c'est par les vallées que se font les communications d'une région à l'autre, et aussi les invasions (Esa 22:7, Jos 17:16). Toutefois, pour une réception royale, il peut arriver qu'on prépare une route nivelant vallées et montagnes (Esa 40:4) ; image citée par Jean-Baptiste et figurant son oeuvre de préparation dans les coeurs pour la venue du Messie (Lu 3:4 et suivant).

La « vallée de l'ombre de la mort » de Ps 23:4 (il semble que l'idée de mort ait été ajoutée plus tard par les Massorètes interprétant le texte), autre image poétique, évoque un lieu sombre, solitaire et périlleux ; par la suite on y vit aussi le chemin du séjour des morts.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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  Genèse 14
  
  3 All these joined together in the valley of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea).
  
  8 The king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar) went out; and they set the battle in array against them in the valley of Siddim;
  
  10 Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and those who remained fled to the hills.
  
  17 The king of Sodom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, at the valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).
  
  Genèse 26
  
  2 Yahweh appeared to him, and said, "Don't go down into Egypt. Live in the land I will tell you about.
  
  17 Isaac departed from there, encamped in the valley of Gerar, and lived there.
  
  18 Isaac dug again the wells of water, which they had dug in the days of Abraham his father. For the Philistines had stopped them after the death of Abraham. He called their names after the names by which his father had called them.
  
  19 Isaac's servants dug in the valley, and found there a well of springing water.
  
  Genèse 37
  
  14 He said to him, "Go now, see whether it is well with your brothers, and well with the flock; and bring me word again." So he sent him out of the valley of Hebron, and he came to Shechem.
  
  Nombres 13
  
  23 They came to the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bore it on a staff between two. They also brought some of the pomegranates and figs.
  
  Nombres 32
  
  9 For when they went up to the valley of Eshcol, and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, that they should not go into the land which Yahweh had given them.
  
  Josué 7
  
  26 They raised over him a great heap of stones that remains to this day. Yahweh turned from the fierceness of his anger. Therefore the name of that place was called "The valley of Achor" to this day.
  
  Josué 10
  
  12 Then Joshua spoke to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel, "Sun, stand still on Gibeon! You, moon, stop in the valley of Aijalon!"
  
  Josué 12
  
  1 Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel struck, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward:
  
  7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel struck beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon even to Mount Halak, that goes up to Seir. Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;
  
  8 in the hill country, and in the lowland, and in the Arabah, and in the slopes, and in the wilderness, and in the South; the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:
  
  Josué 15
  
  8 The border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the side of the Jebusite southward (the same is Jerusalem); and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the farthest part of the valley of Rephaim northward.
  
  Josué 17
  
  16 The children of Joseph said, "The hill country is not enough for us. All the Canaanites who dwell in the land of the valley have chariots of iron, both those who are in Beth Shean and its towns, and those who are in the valley of Jezreel."
  
  Josué 18
  
  2 Seven tribes remained among the children of Israel, which had not yet divided their inheritance.
  
  16 The border went down to the farthest part of the mountain that lies before the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the valley of Rephaim northward. It went down to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En Rogel.
  
  Josué 19
  
  14 The border turned around it on the north to Hannathon; and it ended at the valley of Iphtah El;
  
  15 Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.
  
  16 This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.
  
  17 The fourth lot came out for Issachar, even for the children of Issachar according to their families.
  
  18 Their border was to Jezreel, Chesulloth, Shunem,
  
  19 Hapharaim, Shion, Anaharath,
  
  20 Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez,
  
  21 Remeth, Engannim, En Haddah, and Beth Pazzez.
  
  22 The border reached to Tabor, Shahazumah, and Beth Shemesh. Their border ended at the Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.
  
  23 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities with their villages.
  
  24 The fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.
  
  25 Their border was Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph,
  
  26 Allammelech, Amad, Mishal. It reached to Carmel westward, and to Shihorlibnath.
  
  27 It turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon, and reached to Zebulun, and to the valley of Iphtah El northward to Beth Emek and Neiel. It went out to Cabul on the left hand,
  
  Juges 12
  
  7 Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then Jephthah the Gileadite died, and was buried in the cities of Gilead.
  
  Juges 16
  
  4 It came to pass afterward, that he loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah.
  
  1 Samuel 6
  
  13 They of Beth Shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley; and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it.
  
  1 Samuel 13
  
  18 and another company turned the way to Beth Horon; and another company turned the way of the border that looks down on the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
  
  1 Samuel 17
  
  2 Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and encamped in the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines.
  
  2 Samuel 8
  
  13 David earned a reputation when he returned from smiting the Syrians in the Valley of Salt, even eighteen thousand men.
  
  2 Samuel 18
  
  18 Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said, "I have no son to keep my name in memory." He called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument, to this day.
  
  2 Samuel 24
  
  5 They passed over the Jordan, and encamped in Aroer, on the right side of the city that is in the middle of the valley of Gad, and to Jazer:
  
  1 Chroniques 4
  
  14 Meonothai became the father of Ophrah: and Seraiah became the father of Joab the father of Ge Harashim; for they were craftsmen.
  
  1 Chroniques 18
  
  12 Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah struck of the Edomites in the Valley of Salt eighteen thousand.
  
  1 Chroniques 27
  
  29 and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
  
  2 Chroniques 14
  
  10 Then Asa went out to meet him, and they set the battle in array in the valley of Zephathah at Mareshah.
  
  2 Chroniques 20
  
  26 On the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Beracah; for there they blessed Yahweh: therefore the name of that place was called The valley of Beracah to this day.
  
  2 Chroniques 25
  
  11 Amaziah took courage, and led forth his people, and went to the Valley of Salt, and struck ten thousand of the children of Seir.
  
  2 Chroniques 26
  
  10 He built towers in the wilderness, and dug out many cisterns, for he had much livestock; in the lowland also, and in the plain: and he had farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved farming.
  
  2 Chroniques 35
  
  22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and didn't listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.
  
  Néhémie 6
  
  2 that Sanballat and Geshem sent to me, saying, "Come, let us meet together in the villages in the plain of Ono." But they intended to harm me.
  
  Néhémie 11
  
  35 Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen.
  
  Job 39
  
  11 Will you trust him, because his strength is great? Or will you leave to him your labor?
  
  Psaumes 23
  
  4 Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me. Your rod and your staff, they comfort me.
  
  Psaumes 60
  
  8 Moab is my wash basin. I will throw my shoe on Edom. I shout in triumph over Philistia."
  
  Psaumes 84
  
  7 They go from strength to strength. Everyone of them appears before God in Zion.
  
  Psaumes 108
  
  8 Gilead is mine. Manasseh is mine. Ephraim also is my helmet. Judah is my scepter.
  
  Esaïe 7
  
  19 They shall come, and shall all rest in the desolate valleys, in the clefts of the rocks, on all thorn hedges, and on all pastures.
  
  Esaïe 22
  
  1 The burden of the valley of vision. What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops?
  
  5 For it is a day of confusion, and of treading down, and of perplexity, from the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, in the valley of vision; a breaking down of the walls, and a crying to the mountains."
  
  7 It happened that your choicest valleys were full of chariots, and the horsemen set themselves in array at the gate.
  
  Esaïe 28
  
  21 For Yahweh will rise up as on Mount Perazim. He will be angry as in the valley of Gibeon; that he may do his work, his unusual work, and bring to pass his act, his extraordinary act.
  
  Esaïe 40
  
  4 Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low. The uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain.
  
  Esaïe 41
  
  18 I will open rivers on the bare heights, and springs in the midst of the valleys. I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.
  
  Jérémie 7
  
  31 They have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I didn't command, nor did it come into my mind.
  
  Jérémie 31
  
  40 The whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy to Yahweh; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more forever.
  
  Ezéchiel 39
  
  11 It shall happen in that day, that I will give to Gog a place for burial in Israel, the valley of those who pass through on the east of the sea; and it shall stop those who pass through: and there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude; and they shall call it The valley of Hamon Gog.
  
  15 Those who pass through the land shall pass through; and when any sees a man's bone, then shall he set up a sign by it, until the undertakers have buried it in the valley of Hamon Gog.
  
  Joël 3
  
  2 I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will execute judgment on them there for my people, and for my heritage, Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations. They have divided my land,
  
  12 "Let the nations arouse themselves, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will I sit to judge all the surrounding nations.
  
  14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! For the day of Yahweh is near, in the valley of decision.
  
  18 It will happen in that day, that the mountains will drop down sweet wine, the hills will flow with milk, all the brooks of Judah will flow with waters, and a fountain will come forth from the house of Yahweh, and will water the valley of Shittim.
  
  Michée 1
  
  4 The mountains melt under him, and the valleys split apart, like wax before the fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place.
  
  Zacharie 14
  
  5 You shall flee by the valley of my mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach to Azel; yes, you shall flee, just like you fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Yahweh my God will come, and all the holy ones with you.
  
  Luc 3
  
  4 As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord. Make his paths straight.
  
  Romains 3
  
  16 Destruction and misery are in their ways.
  
  Romains 14
  
  7 For none of us lives to himself, and none dies to himself.

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