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VILLAGE

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Ce terme peut représenter dans l'A. T, différents mots hébreux :

1. kâphâr, village proprement dit (1Ch 27:25, Ca 7:12, Vers. Syn. : hameaux), mot qui se retrouve dans des noms propres de lieux : Capernaüm (litt. Kaphar Naoum-- village de Nahum), Képhira, Képhar-Ammonaï (voir ces mots) ;

2. khâtsér, agglomération ayant son origine dans un campement de nomades (Ge 25:16, Ps 10:8) ; on reconnaît aussi ce terme dans certains noms de localités : Hatsor, Hatsar-Susa, etc. (voir ces mots).

Ces villages sont ordinairement groupés en dépendances des villes fortifiées (Jos 13:23 15:32 etc.), et parfois appelés leurs « filles », ce qu'on traduit « villes de leur ressort » (Jos 17:11, etc.) quoiqu'il ne s'agisse réellement que de-villages. Au début, la différence entre village et ville était simplement dans le fait que la ville était fortifiée (Le 25:29,31,1Sa 6:18) ; par la suite l'appellation de ville suivit plus ou moins l'importance des localités en étendue, en richesse et en influence.

Quand on sait combien dans nos pays, encore aujourd'hui, l'amour-propre de clocher ambitionne le titre de ville pour de petits villages, on ne s'étonne pas de constater un certain flottement dans l'emploi biblique de ces termes et de ceux de bourg et de bourgade (Jos 13:30, etc., Jug 4:5 15:7, 2Ma 8:1,6 ; voir Bourgs de Jaïr).

--Dans la période grecque, le vocabulaire dépendra davantage de l'organisation communale. Les écrivains du N.T. distinguent entre polis =cité, ville, et kômè =village, bourgade (Mr 8:23 11:2, Mt 21:2, Lu 24:13, Jn 11:1, Ac 8:25 etc.) ; le terme unique de kômopolis =village-ville (Mr 13:8, Vers. Syn. : bourg) désigne des agglomérations intermédiaires. Mais pas plus que dans l'A. T, ces distinctions ne sont absolues : ainsi Bethléhem s'appelle tantôt ville (Lu 2:4), tantôt village (Jn 7:42) ; de même Bethsaïda (Lu 9:10, Mr 8:23). Voir Ville, Cité.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Genèse 25

      16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments: twelve princes, according to their nations.

      Lévitique 25

      29 "'If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it has been sold. For a full year he shall have the right of redemption.
      31 But the houses of the villages which have no wall around them shall be reckoned with the fields of the country: they may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee.

      Josué 13

      23 The border of the children of Reuben was the bank of the Jordan. This was the inheritance of the children of Reuben according to their families, the cities and its villages.
      30 Their border was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, sixty cities.

      Josué 15

      32 Lebaoth, Shilhim, Ain, and Rimmon. All the cities are twenty-nine, with their villages.

      Josué 17

      11 Manasseh had three heights in Issachar, in Asher Beth Shean and its towns, and Ibleam and its towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Endor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns.

      Juges 4

      5 She lived under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

      Juges 15

      7 Samson said to them, "If you behave like this, surely I will be avenged of you, and after that I will cease."

      1 Samuel 6

      18 and the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even to the great stone, whereon they set down the ark of Yahweh. That stone remains to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh.

      1 Chroniques 27

      25 Over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the treasures in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah:

      Psaumes 10

      8 He lies in wait near the villages. From ambushes, he murders the innocent. His eyes are secretly set against the helpless.

      Cantique 7

      12 Let's go early up to the vineyards. Let's see whether the vine has budded, its blossom is open, and the pomegranates are in flower. There I will give you my love.

      Matthieu 21

      2 saying to them, "Go into the village that is opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them, and bring them to me.

      Marc 8

      23 He took hold of the blind man by the hand, and brought him out of the village. When he had spit on his eyes, and laid his hands on him, he asked him if he saw anything.

      Marc 11

      2 and said to them, "Go your way into the village that is opposite you. Immediately as you enter into it, you will find a young donkey tied, on which no one has sat. Untie him, and bring him.

      Marc 13

      8 For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places. There will be famines and troubles. These things are the beginning of birth pains.

      Luc 2

      4 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;

      Luc 9

      10 The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done. He took them, and withdrew apart to a deserted place of a city called Bethsaida.

      Luc 24

      13 Behold, two of them were going that very day to a village named Emmaus, which was sixty stadia from Jerusalem.

      Jean 7

      42 Hasn't the Scripture said that the Christ comes of the seed of David, and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?"

      Jean 11

      1 Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus from Bethany, of the village of Mary and her sister, Martha.

      Actes 8

      25 They therefore, when they had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, returned to Jerusalem, and preached the Good News to many villages of the Samaritans.
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