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VISION

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Dans l'A.T., la vision est tenue pour un phénomène étroitement apparenté au songe (voir ce mot), voie normale de la révélation divine.

Ces deux termes font souvent allusion à la même expérience, et sont à peu près équivalents dans le parallélisme hébreu, le songe étant plutôt la forme et la vision le contenu (Da 1:17 2:28 4:5, cf. Joe 2:28).

L'expression « vision de la nuit » (Da 2:19, Job 4:13, Ge 46:2, cf. 1Sa 3:1-15, Ac 16:9) reflète la même conception : Dieu parle aux hommes pendant la nuit, quand les yeux sont fermés et les facultés conscientes suspendues par le sommeil.

Mais la vision est présentée aussi comme un état d'exaltation, d'extase (voir ce mot) accompagné de perception spirituelle très vive (Ac 11:5 22:17, cf. Ge 15:12 dans les LXX). Cet état, différent du songe, est favorisé par le jeûne, la prière et la discipline intérieure (Da 10:2,9).

Toutefois, la vision extatique objective, avec représentations symboliques destinées à révéler les choses à venir (Daniel) ou la nature et les intentions de Dieu (Ézéchiel, Zacharie), n'apparaît que dans les derniers livres de l'A.T. Ces expériences mystiques sortent du cadre habituel dans lequel se manifeste la révélation divine.

Pour les premiers prophètes déjà, la vision était avant tout un moyen dont Dieu se servait pour faire connaître sa volonté ; la révélation était essentiellement intérieure et morale (Esa 1:1 2:1, etc., cf. 1Sa 3:1, Ps 89:20). La conscience prophétique est née, non pas tant de théophanies particulières, que d'une sorte de contrainte intérieure poussant certaines individualités à rechercher, à discerner les intentions de Dieu et à les proclamer (Am 7:14 et suivant, Esa 6:5, Jer 1:4 et suivants, Eze 3:12 et suivant). Les extases (voir ce mot) et les visions restent des expériences exceptionnelles (Am 7:1 8:1, Esa 6, Jer 1:11,13).

Dans le N.T., on trouve une allusion de Paul à des visions qu'il a eues (2Co 12:1). Ce passage souligne peut-être le caractère objectif de l'expérience qu'il a faite sur le chemin de Damas (Ga 1:11,17,1Co 9:1 15:8). Des visions sont aussi rapportées dans Lu 12, Ac 10,11,16. Le même terme est appliqué à la transfiguration dans Mt 17:9. (cf. Mr 9:9, Lu 9:36 : « les choses qui ont été vues ») Mais dans le N.T., c'est l'Apocalypse (voir ce mot), avec ses scènes symboliques et imagées, qui est par excellence le livre des visions. Alc. R.

Voir Prophète, Apocalypses, etc.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Genèse 15

      12 When the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell on Abram. Now terror and great darkness fell on him.

      Genèse 46

      2 God spoke to Israel in the visions of the night, and said, "Jacob, Jacob!" He said, "Here I am."

      1 Samuel 3

      1 The child Samuel ministered to Yahweh before Eli. The word of Yahweh was precious in those days; there was no frequent vision.
      2 It happened at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place (now his eyes had begun to grow dim, so that he could not see),
      3 and the lamp of God hadn't yet gone out, and Samuel had laid down in Yahweh's temple, where the ark of God was;
      4 that Yahweh called Samuel; and he said, "Here I am."
      5 He ran to Eli, and said, "Here I am; for you called me." He said, "I didn't call; lie down again." He went and lay down.
      6 Yahweh called yet again, "Samuel!" Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, "Here I am; for you called me." He answered, "I didn't call, my son; lie down again."
      7 Now Samuel didn't yet know Yahweh, neither was the word of Yahweh yet revealed to him.
      8 Yahweh called Samuel again the third time. He arose and went to Eli, and said, "Here I am; for you called me." Eli perceived that Yahweh had called the child.
      9 Therefore Eli said to Samuel, "Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he calls you, that you shall say, 'Speak, Yahweh; for your servant hears.'" So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
      10 Yahweh came, and stood, and called as at other times, "Samuel! Samuel!" Then Samuel said, "Speak; for your servant hears."
      11 Yahweh said to Samuel, "Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of everyone who hears it shall tingle.
      12 In that day I will perform against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his house, from the beginning even to the end.
      13 For I have told him that I will judge his house forever, for the iniquity which he knew, because his sons brought a curse on themselves, and he didn't restrain them.
      14 Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli's house shall not be removed with sacrifice nor offering forever."
      15 Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of Yahweh. Samuel feared to show Eli the vision.

      Job 4

      13 In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls on men,

      Psaumes 89

      20 I have found David, my servant. I have anointed him with my holy oil,

      Esaïe 1

      1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

      Esaïe 2

      1 This is what Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.

      Esaïe 6

      1 In the year that king Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up; and his train filled the temple.
      2 Above him stood the seraphim. Each one had six wings. With two he covered his face. With two he covered his feet. With two he flew.
      3 One called to another, and said, "Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of Armies! The whole earth is full of his glory!"
      4 The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of him who called, and the house was filled with smoke.
      5 Then I said, "Woe is me! For I am undone, because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for my eyes have seen the King, Yahweh of Armies!"
      6 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar.
      7 He touched my mouth with it, and said, "Behold, this has touched your lips; and your iniquity is taken away, and your sin forgiven."
      8 I heard the Lord's voice, saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?" Then I said, "Here I am. Send me!"
      9 He said, "Go, and tell this people, 'You hear indeed, but don't understand; and you see indeed, but don't perceive.'
      10 Make the heart of this people fat. Make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and turn again, and be healed."
      11 Then I said, "Lord, how long?" He answered, "Until cities are waste without inhabitant, and houses without man, and the land becomes utterly waste,
      12 And Yahweh has removed men far away, and the forsaken places are many in the midst of the land.
      13 If there is a tenth left in it, that also will in turn be consumed: as a terebinth, and as an oak, whose stock remains when they are felled; so the holy seed is its stock."

      Jérémie 1

      4 Now the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      11 Moreover the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, "Jeremiah, what do you see?" I said, "I see a branch of an almond tree."
      13 The word of Yahweh came to me the second time, saying, "What do you see?" I said, "I see a boiling caldron; and it is tipping away from the north."

      Ezéchiel 3

      12 Then the Spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing, saying, Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place.

      Daniel 1

      17 Now as for these four youths, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.

      Daniel 2

      19 Then was the secret revealed to Daniel in a vision of the night. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven.
      28 but there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and he has made known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Your dream, and the visions of your head on your bed, are these:

      Daniel 4

      5 I saw a dream which made me afraid; and the thoughts on my bed and the visions of my head troubled me.

      Daniel 10

      2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning three whole weeks.
      9 Yet heard I the voice of his words; and when I heard the voice of his words, then was I fallen into a deep sleep on my face, with my face toward the ground.

      Joël 2

      28 "It will happen afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your old men will dream dreams. Your young men will see visions.

      Amos 7

      1 Thus the Lord Yahweh showed me: and behold, he formed locusts in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and behold, it was the latter growth after the king's harvest.
      14 Then Amos answered Amaziah, "I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was a herdsman, and a farmer of sycamore figs;

      Amos 8

      1 Thus the Lord Yahweh showed me: behold, a basket of summer fruit.

      Matthieu 17

      9 As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, "Don't tell anyone what you saw, until the Son of Man has risen from the dead."

      Marc 9

      9 As they were coming down from the mountain, he commanded them that they should tell no one what things they had seen, until after the Son of Man had risen from the dead.

      Luc 9

      36 When the voice came, Jesus was found alone. They were silent, and told no one in those days any of the things which they had seen.

      Luc 12

      1 Meanwhile, when a multitude of many thousands had gathered together, so much so that they trampled on each other, he began to tell his disciples first of all, "Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
      2 But there is nothing covered up, that will not be revealed, nor hidden, that will not be known.
      3 Therefore whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light. What you have spoken in the ear in the inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.
      4 "I tell you, my friends, don't be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.
      5 But I will warn you whom you should fear. Fear him, who after he has killed, has power to cast into Gehenna. Yes, I tell you, fear him.
      6 "Aren't five sparrows sold for two assaria coins ? Not one of them is forgotten by God.
      7 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Therefore don't be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.
      8 "I tell you, everyone who confesses me before men, him will the Son of Man also confess before the angels of God;
      9 but he who denies me in the presence of men will be denied in the presence of the angels of God.
      10 Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but those who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.
      11 When they bring you before the synagogues, the rulers, and the authorities, don't be anxious how or what you will answer, or what you will say;
      12 for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that same hour what you must say."
      13 One of the multitude said to him, "Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me."
      14 But he said to him, "Man, who made me a judge or an arbitrator over you?"
      15 He said to them, "Beware! Keep yourselves from covetousness, for a man's life doesn't consist of the abundance of the things which he possesses."
      16 He spoke a parable to them, saying, "The ground of a certain rich man brought forth abundantly.
      17 He reasoned within himself, saying, 'What will I do, because I don't have room to store my crops?'
      18 He said, 'This is what I will do. I will pull down my barns, and build bigger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods.
      19 I will tell my soul, "Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years. Take your ease, eat, drink, be merry."'
      20 "But God said to him, 'You foolish one, tonight your soul is required of you. The things which you have prepared--whose will they be?'
      21 So is he who lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God."
      22 He said to his disciples, "Therefore I tell you, don't be anxious for your life, what you will eat, nor yet for your body, what you will wear.
      23 Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing.
      24 Consider the ravens: they don't sow, they don't reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds!
      25 Which of you by being anxious can add a cubit to his height?
      26 If then you aren't able to do even the least things, why are you anxious about the rest?
      27 Consider the lilies, how they grow. They don't toil, neither do they spin; yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
      28 But if this is how God clothes the grass in the field, which today exists, and tomorrow is cast into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith?
      29 Don't seek what you will eat or what you will drink; neither be anxious.
      30 For the nations of the world seek after all of these things, but your Father knows that you need these things.
      31 But seek God's Kingdom, and all these things will be added to you.
      32 Don't be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the Kingdom.
      33 Sell that which you have, and give gifts to the needy. Make for yourselves purses which don't grow old, a treasure in the heavens that doesn't fail, where no thief approaches, neither moth destroys.
      34 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
      35 "Let your waist be dressed and your lamps burning.
      36 Be like men watching for their lord, when he returns from the marriage feast; that, when he comes and knocks, they may immediately open to him.
      37 Blessed are those servants, whom the lord will find watching when he comes. Most certainly I tell you, that he will dress himself, and make them recline, and will come and serve them.
      38 They will be blessed if he comes in the second or third watch, and finds them so.
      39 But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not allowed his house to be broken into.
      40 Therefore be ready also, for the Son of Man is coming in an hour that you don't expect him."
      41 Peter said to him, "Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everybody?"
      42 The Lord said, "Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord will set over his household, to give them their portion of food at the right times?
      43 Blessed is that servant whom his lord will find doing so when he comes.
      44 Truly I tell you, that he will set him over all that he has.
      45 But if that servant says in his heart, 'My lord delays his coming,' and begins to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken,
      46 then the lord of that servant will come in a day when he isn't expecting him, and in an hour that he doesn't know, and will cut him in two, and place his portion with the unfaithful.
      47 That servant, who knew his lord's will, and didn't prepare, nor do what he wanted, will be beaten with many stripes,
      48 but he who didn't know, and did things worthy of stripes, will be beaten with few stripes. To whomever much is given, of him will much be required; and to whom much was entrusted, of him more will be asked.
      49 "I came to throw fire on the earth. I wish it were already kindled.
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