Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

YAHVÉ, JAHVÉ=JÉHOVAH

Définition biblique de Yahvé, Jahvé, Jéhovah :

Dieu est désigné dans la Bible par deux noms principaux : Jéhovah et Élohim, ce dernier vocable accompagné généralement d'un adjectif possessif ou d'un complément. Ex : « Je suis Jéhovah, ton Élohim » (Ex 20:2), « l'Élohim de vos pères, l'Élohim d'Abraham, etc. » (Ex 3:15). 

Sommaire

I. ÉTYMOLOGIE. 

Dieu est désigné dans la Bible par deux noms principaux : Jéhovah et Élohim, ce dernier vocable accompagné généralement d'un adjectif possessif ou d'un complément. Ex : « Je suis Jéhovah, ton Élohim » (Ex 20:2), « l'Élohim de vos pères, l'Élohim d'Abraham, etc. » (Ex 3:15). Élohim est un nom générique ; comme notre mot français dieu, il est applicable à toutes les divinités. Jéhovah est le nom propre du Dieu d'Israël, l'Éternel, révélé dans la Bible. Voir Dieu [les noms de].

Sans vouloir discuter ici le problème de philologie, encore moins chercher à mettre d'accord les multiples théories en présence, nous nous bornerons à remarquer que l'étymologie du vocable Jéhovah ou Yahvé n'est obscure que pour ceux qui refusent à la révélation une part dans l'histoire d'Israël.

En effet, dans Ex 3, qui nous raconte la manifestation de Dieu à Moïse, le verset 14 (E) rattache le nom propre du dieu d'Israël à la racine hâvah, respirer, être animé (forme ancienne de la racine hâyàh, être), tout comme Ge 3:20 (J) rattache le nom d'Eve, la mère des vivants, à la racine khâvâh (=khâyâh, respirer, vivre ou faire vivre).

On est donc amené, par ce groupe de racines qui appartiennent au même tronc, à constater que ce qui différencie le dieu des Hébreux des divinités des religions naturelles c'est qu'il se présente comme le dieu qui est, qui vit, qui agit ; en d'autres termes : le Dieu réel, le seul Dieu. Moïse lui a demandé quel est son nom (Ex 3:13) ; n'oublions jamais que dans la Bible le « nom » (voir ce mot) et la « puissance » sont deux notions étroitement solidaires, voire, à l'occasion, interchangeables.

II. LA RÉVÉLATION A MOÏSE.

Moïse veut savoir d'où le dieu qui se manifeste à lui et qui le charge d'une mission écrasante tient sa puissance. Le dieu répond : du fait que moi j'existe, et que je me révèle le dieu vivant par mon action ; Èheyèh acher Èheyèh = « Je suis celui qui suis » (celui qui peut dire « Je suis » ; Vers. Syn. : Je suis celui qui dit « Je suis » ; Vers, des Rabbins : « Je suis l'Être invariable »). Les LXX traduisent : ho ôn, c-à-d. « Je suis celui qui est », ce qui rend la phrase correcte. Mais il y a ici plus qu'une question de grammaire.

Nous croyons que cette forme étrange : « Je suis celui qui suis », doit, pour livrer tout son sens, être rapprochée de l'expression analogue employée par Jésus lorsque les Juifs lui demandent qui il prétend être : « Avant qu'Abraham fût, je suis » (la grammaire voudrait ici « j'étais »). Ces deux « je suis », présents absolus, élèvent ceux qui les prononcent au-dessus du temps et dans un autre ordre que celui de l'humanité. (L'Apocalypse paraphrase : « Celui qui était, qui est et qui vient », c'est-à-dire Celui qui possède la vie dans sa plénitude et de qui tout ce qui existe la tient, Apo 1:4 Heb 13:8)

Il semble que dans cette expression mystérieuse « Je suis », incompréhensible à tout rationalisme, impénétrable aux recherches de la pure critique historique ou philosophique, Jéhovah et Jésus aient voulu résumer le fondement et la somme de la foi des fidèles au seuil de l'ancienne alliance comme au seuil de la nouvelle. On peut pousser plus avant, et voir dans la formule Ex 3:14 l'affirmation de la liberté de Jéhovah, qui n'a reçu la vie de personne, qui est ce qu'il est de sa propre détermination. Et par la liberté, on atteint à l'immutabilité ; Jéhovah, du fait de son absolue indépendance, demeure toujours libre de faire ce qu'il veut, c'est-à-dire de rester conséquent avec soi-même. A ce titre, on a bien fait de rapprocher Ex 3:14 de Ex 33:19 : « Je fais grâce à qui je fais grâce. »

Mais lorsqu'on invoque, comme on le fait quelquefois aujourd'hui, la similitude de ces deux tournures hébraïques pour en conclure que Jéhovah s'est dérobé quand Moïse lui a demandé son nom, et qu'il s'est borné à répondre énigmatiquement : « Je suis ce que je suis », on se met dans l'impossibilité de résoudre le problème religieux de l'Ancien Testament. Du même coup, on sort de la logique des textes ici rassemblés. Sans doute l'expression de Ex 3:14 est elliptique, et l'on pourra toujours se servir d'elle pour échafauder, en ne voulant connaître que le terrain grammatical, des hypothèses d'ailleurs réfutées par tout l'ensemble du jéhovisme ; mais déjà la fin du verset, v. 14b, éclaire suffisamment l'obscurité de v. 14a, lorsque Dieu ajoute pour calmer les appréhensions de Moïse : « Tu répondras ainsi aux enfants d'Israël : C'est « Je suis » qui m'a envoyé vers vous. » Au verset 15 le texte porte : « Dieu dit encore à Moïse : Tu parleras aux enfants d'Israël : C'est « Jéhovah » (JHVH)... qui m'a envoyé vers vous. » Donc Jéhovah = « Je suis ».

Le dieu qui se révèle et se nomme Jéhovah a bien pour caractère propre de pouvoir dire : « Je suis » ; il se présente comme le dieu qui se distingue en ceci des autres Élohim, qu'il a la vie en soi-même (cf. Jn 5:26 1:4) et qu'il existe réellement avec toutes les prérogatives de la divinité ; d'un mot, il est Dieu.

On comprend sans peine qu'à cette révélation, à ce contact divin, Moïse ait été épouvanté, qu'il ait cherché d'abord dans sa petitesse à se dégager de l'étreinte, puis qu'il soit entré résolument appuyé sur Dieu dans la carrière, unique au monde, à laquelle Jéhovah l'appelait. Par contre, si Jéhovah a répondu par une fin de non recevoir : « Je suis ce que je suis », comment expliquer que dans cette mystification Moise ait puisé le courage d'aller affronter son peuple et trouvé le fondement de la religion qui devra transformer l'humanité en lui rendant Dieu, que depuis la chute elle cherchait à tâtons ?

Aussi bien, l'ensemble des textes bibliques où Jéhovah parle à travers l'histoire hébraïque s'en référera toujours à la manifestation inaugurale et reprendra sous de multiples formes l'expression de Dieu vivant (No 14:28, De 5:26,1Sa 17:36,2Ro 2:2 5:16, Eze 20:31 33:11, Ps 36:10, cf. De 5:26, Jos 3:10, Jer 23:36, etc. ; on jure par le Dieu « vivant » : est-il formule de serment plus redoutable pour les coupables et pour les hypocrites que la formule : Jéhovah vit ? Jer 4:2 5:2, etc.), jusqu'au moment où la lumière décisive poindra du sommet de la prophétie avec les oracles qui foudroyent les Élohim, chez Jérémie et dans Ésaïe 41-44 :

Jéhovah est le vrai Élohim ;

Il est l'Elohim vivant..

Ils disparaîtront, ces Elohim

Qui n'ont fait ni les cieux, ni la terre.

(Jer 10:10)

Plaidez votre cause, dit Jéhovah...

Dites ce qui arrivera plus tard,

Que nous sachions si vous êtes des Elohim

Oui, faites quelque chose de bien ou de mal !

Que nous le voyions !

Voici, vous n'êtes rien du tout,

Et votre oeuvre, c'est le néant !

Tous, ils ne sont rien ;

Leurs oeuvres n'existent pas,

Leurs idoles ne sont qu'un vain souffle.

(Esa 41:21)

Ils reculeront ; ils rougiront de honte,

Ceux qui se fient aux idoles,

Qui disent aux images de fonte :

Vous êtes nos Elohim !

(Esa 42:17)

Ainsi parle Jéhovah, roi d'Israël et son Rédempteur :

Je suis le premier et le dernier ;

Et hors de moi, il n'y a point d'Élohim.

(Esa 44:6)

III. LES ELOHIM.

Les Élohim, dont les prophètes éclairés par la révélation de Jéhovah dénoncent la pure inanité, ont pourtant, dans les premières étapes de la foi humaine, joué, en tant que notion, un rôle providentiel. Ils ont marqué les humbles commencements de la religion retrouvée. Ils ont été l'amorce qui a permis à Dieu de reprendre contact avec les hommes en dehors de toute magie, et de dire à Abraham : « Je serai ton Élohim. »

En effet, c'est dans cette notion des Élohim que l'humanité séparée de son Père céleste (voir Chute), et livrée à ses expériences sur le terrain qu'elle a librement choisi, avait manifesté sa conversion première, qui consiste à vouloir un dieu. Produit de l'imagination de l'homme et des intuitions de son coeur, l'Elohim est la projection sur le plan divin des conditions d'existence et des aspirations d'ici-bas.

Il faut à toute société humaine un chef, un protecteur : l'Elohim, représenté par une idole ( « Fais-nous des dieux qui marchent devant nous », Ex 32:1), est le céleste patron qui veille sur ses adorateurs depuis la région mystérieuse et redoutable de l'au-delà (voir Hénothéisme). Toutes les religions naturelles par lesquelles on adore les Élohim se ressemblent dans leurs cultes calqués sur les moeurs des cours terrestres : comme le roi--le terrestre Élohim--a son palais, son trône, ses cortèges de dignitaires, ses courtisans qui le flattent par des dons et l'exaltent par des louanges, l'Elohim--roi céleste--a son temple, son autel, ses processions, ses prêtres, ses sacrifices, ses litanies.

Jéhovah entre dans l'histoire sous la forme d'un Élohim. Prenant pour levier moral la soif de vivre qui tourmente les hommes, il s'offre à Abraham comme l'Élohim puissant pour protéger, puis il se révèle à Moïse comme le Dieu de l'alternative : le bien et la vie, ou le mal et la mort (De 30:15 et suivants) ; enfin il entreprend par les prophètes l'éducation du peuple élu, s'attachant siècle après siècle à dégager de la religion des dévotions extérieures et des rites magiques la religion de la conscience. Dieu unique et créateur, Jéhovah est le Dieu saint et sanctifiant qui ne recherche pas les cérémonies, les sacrifices (Ps 50:7 et suivants), et qui les tient pour rien, les regarde même comme offensants (Esa 1, Mic 6 etc.), s'ils ne sont pas l'expression de la piété du coeur et du culte en esprit. Sa religion, toute morale et spirituelle, a trouvé son complet épanouissement dans la révélation de Jésus-Christ.

Yahvisme, jahvisme =jéhovisme. Terme de théologie biblique désignant la doctrine du Dieu unique, vivant et saint, enseignée par Moïse, par les prophètes, et vécue par Jésus-Christ. Voir Prophète. Le jéhovisme, par ses révélations religieuses et par ses exigences éthiques, se distingue de l'élohisme où l'adorateur, qu'il soit juif ou paien, se préoccupe non du service moral de son Dieu, mais des moyens extérieurs par lesquels il pourra se le rendre favorable. Dans l'élohisme, le dieu est fait à l'image de l'homme ; dans le jéhovisme, c'est l'homme qui est fait à l'image de Dieu.

L'élohisme est particulariste ; le jéhovisme est universaliste (voir Universalisme). L'élohisme est la religion où l'on donne au dieu ; le jéhovisme est la religion où l'on se donne à Dieu. La première asservit, la seconde libère. La Bible n'a pas spéculé sur ces différences, et elle emploie indifféremment, pour indiquer le vrai Dieu, les vocables « Élohim d'Israël » ou « Jéhovah ». Mais dans la pratique, on y trouve fort bien opposées les deux tendances que nous rattachons ici aux deux noms de la divinité : le nom commun à tous les peuples et le nom révélé au peuple élu. Les prophètes (cf. De 4:7,9, Esa 1 à Esa 20, Esa 29:13 58:3,7, etc.) et Jésus (Mt 6 et Mt 7, Mr 7:1,23, etc.) n'ont cessé de combattre la notion élohiste de la religion, notion formaliste, ritualiste, qui multiplie les dévotions, mais élude le changement du coeur. Il serait aisé de faire voir que ces deux notions de la religion se retrouvent dans l'Église chrétienne et sont de siècle en siècle à l'origine de ses intimes conflits.

Yahviste, jahviste =jéhoviste. 1 ° Terme de critique biblique désignant l'auteur de la principale source de l'histoire sainte : J (voir Sources). 2° Tout croyant qui pratique le jéhovisme et dont la religion se résume dans l'obéissance à la volonté de Jéhovah. C'est parmi les jéhovistes que se sont recrutés les premiers disciples de Jésus, et que se recruteront toujours, dans les multitudes de l'Église, les imitateurs de Jésus-Christ. Alex. W.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • versets sélectionnés
  • Vidéos et messages relatifs
  • Commentaires bibliques
  • Hébreu / Grec
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Favoris
  • Partager

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Générer un verset illustré
Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Versets relatifs

    • Genèse 3

      20 The man called his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all living.

      Exode 3

      1 Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the back of the wilderness, and came to God's mountain, to Horeb.
      2 The angel of Yahweh appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush. He looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.
      3 Moses said, "I will turn aside now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt."
      4 When Yahweh saw that he turned aside to see, God called to him out of the midst of the bush, and said, "Moses! Moses!" He said, "Here I am."
      5 He said, "Don't come close. Take your sandals off of your feet, for the place you are standing on is holy ground."
      6 Moreover he said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look at God.
      7 Yahweh said, "I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.
      8 I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
      9 Now, behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to me. Moreover I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.
      10 Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt."
      11 Moses said to God, "Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?"
      12 He said, "Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain."
      13 Moses said to God, "Behold, when I come to the children of Israel, and tell them, 'The God of your fathers has sent me to you;' and they ask me, 'What is his name?' What should I tell them?"
      14 God said to Moses, "I AM WHO I AM," and he said, "You shall tell the children of Israel this: 'I AM has sent me to you.'"
      15 God said moreover to Moses, "You shall tell the children of Israel this, 'Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.' This is my name forever, and this is my memorial to all generations.
      16 Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, 'Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, "I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt;
      17 and I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey."'
      18 They will listen to your voice, and you shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, 'Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.'
      19 I know that the king of Egypt won't give you permission to go, no, not by a mighty hand.
      20 I will reach out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in its midst, and after that he will let you go.
      21 I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and it will happen that when you go, you shall not go empty-handed.
      22 But every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who visits her house, jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing; and you shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall plunder the Egyptians."

      Exode 20

      2 "I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

      Exode 32

      1 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him."

      Exode 33

      19 He said, "I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of Yahweh before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy."

      Lévitique 1

      14 "'If his offering to Yahweh is a burnt offering of birds, then he shall offer his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons.

      Nombres 14

      28 Tell them, 'As I live, says Yahweh, surely as you have spoken in my ears, so will I do to you:

      Josué 3

      10 Joshua said, "Hereby you shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite out from before you.

      1 Samuel 17

      36 Your servant struck both the lion and the bear. This uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, since he has defied the armies of the living God."

      Psaumes 36

      10 Oh continue your loving kindness to those who know you, your righteousness to the upright in heart.

      Psaumes 50

      7 "Hear, my people, and I will speak; Israel, and I will testify against you. I am God, your God.

      Esaïe 1

      1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
      2 Hear, heavens, and listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: "I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.
      3 The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master's crib; but Israel doesn't know, my people don't consider."
      4 Ah sinful nation, a people loaded with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children who deal corruptly! They have forsaken Yahweh. They have despised the Holy One of Israel. They are estranged and backward.
      5 Why should you be beaten more, that you revolt more and more? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.
      6 From the sole of the foot even to the head there is no soundness in it: wounds, welts, and open sores. They haven't been closed, neither bandaged, neither soothed with oil.
      7 Your country is desolate. Your cities are burned with fire. Strangers devour your land in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.
      8 The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a field of melons, like a besieged city.
      9 Unless Yahweh of Armies had left to us a very small remnant, we would have been as Sodom; we would have been like Gomorrah.
      10 Hear the word of Yahweh, you rulers of Sodom! Listen to the law of our God , you people of Gomorrah!
      11 "What are the multitude of your sacrifices to me?," says Yahweh. "I have had enough of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed animals. I don't delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of male goats.
      12 When you come to appear before me, who has required this at your hand, to trample my courts?
      13 Bring no more vain offerings. Incense is an abomination to me; new moons, Sabbaths, and convocations: I can't bear with evil assemblies.
      14 My soul hates your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them.
      15 When you spread forth your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood.
      16 Wash yourselves, make yourself clean. Put away the evil of your doings from before my eyes. Cease to do evil.
      17 Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Judge the fatherless. Plead for the widow."
      18 "Come now, and let us reason together," says Yahweh: "Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.
      19 If you are willing and obedient, you shall eat the good of the land;
      20 but if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured with the sword; for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it."
      21 How the faithful city has become a prostitute! She was full of justice; righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.
      22 Your silver has become dross, your wine mixed with water.
      23 Your princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes, and follows after rewards. They don't judge the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them.
      24 Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, says: "Ah, I will get relief from my adversaries, and avenge myself of my enemies;
      25 and I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin.
      26 I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you shall be called 'The city of righteousness, a faithful town.'
      27 Zion shall be redeemed with justice, and her converts with righteousness.
      28 But the destruction of transgressors and sinners shall be together, and those who forsake Yahweh shall be consumed.
      29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you shall be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen.
      30 For you shall be as an oak whose leaf fades, and as a garden that has no water.
      31 The strong will be like tinder, and his work like a spark. They will both burn together, and no one will quench them."

      Esaïe 20

      1 In the year that Tartan came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him, and he fought against Ashdod and took it;
      2 at that time Yahweh spoke by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, "Go, and loosen the sackcloth from off your waist, and take your shoes from off your feet." He did so, walking naked and barefoot.
      3 Yahweh said, "As my servant Isaiah has walked naked and barefoot three years for a sign and a wonder concerning Egypt and concerning Ethiopia,
      4 so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Ethiopia, young and old, naked and barefoot, and with buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.
      5 They will be dismayed and confounded, because of Ethiopia their expectation, and of Egypt their glory.
      6 The inhabitants of this coast land will say in that day, 'Behold, this is our expectation, where we fled for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria. And we, how will we escape?'"

      Esaïe 29

      13 The Lord said, "Because this people draws near with their mouth and with their lips to honor me, but they have removed their heart far from me, and their fear of me is a commandment of men which has been taught;

      Esaïe 41

      1 "Keep silent before me, islands, and let the peoples renew their strength. Let them come near, then let them speak. Let's meet together for judgment.
      2 Who has raised up one from the east? Who called him to his foot in righteousness? He hands over nations to him, and makes him rule over kings. He gives them like the dust to his sword, like the driven stubble to his bow.
      3 He pursues them, and passes by safely, Even by a way that he had not gone with his feet.
      4 Who has worked and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I, Yahweh, the first, and with the last, I am he."
      5 The islands have seen, and fear. The ends of the earth tremble. They approach, and come.
      6 Everyone helps his neighbor. They say to their brothers, "Be strong!"
      7 So the carpenter encourages the goldsmith. He who smoothes with the hammer encourages him who strikes the anvil, saying of the soldering, "It is good"; and he fastens it with nails, that it might not totter.
      8 "But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend,
      9 You whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, and called from its corners, and said to you, 'You are my servant, I have chosen you and not cast you away;'
      10 Don't you be afraid, for I am with you. Don't be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you. Yes, I will help you. Yes, I will uphold you with the right hand of my righteousness.
      11 Behold, all those who are incensed against you will be disappointed and confounded. Those who strive with you will be like nothing, and shall perish.
      12 You will seek them, and won't find them, even those who contend with you. Those who war against you will be as nothing, as a non-existent thing.
      13 For I, Yahweh your God, will hold your right hand, saying to you, 'Don't be afraid. I will help you.'
      14 Don't be afraid, you worm Jacob, and you men of Israel. I will help you," says Yahweh, "and your Redeemer is the Holy One of Israel.
      15 Behold, I have made you into a new sharp threshing instrument with teeth. You will thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and will make the hills like chaff.
      16 You will winnow them, and the wind will carry them away, and the whirlwind will scatter them. You will rejoice in Yahweh. You will glory in the Holy One of Israel.
      17 The poor and needy seek water, and there is none. Their tongue fails for thirst. I, Yahweh, will answer them. I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.
      18 I will open rivers on the bare heights, and springs in the midst of the valleys. I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.
      19 I will put cedar, acacia, myrtle, and oil trees in the wilderness. I will set fir trees, pine, and box trees together in the desert;
      20 that they may see, know, consider, and understand together, that the hand of Yahweh has done this, and the Holy One of Israel has created it.
      21 Produce your cause," says Yahweh. "Bring forth your strong reasons," says the King of Jacob.
      22 "Let them announce, and declare to us what shall happen. Declare the former things, what they are, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or show us things to come.
      23 Declare the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that you are gods. Yes, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and see it together.
      24 Behold, you are of nothing, and your work is of nothing. He who chooses you is an abomination.
      25 "I have raised up one from the north, and he has come; from the rising of the sun, one who calls on my name; and he shall come on rulers as on mortar, and as the potter treads clay.
      26 Who has declared it from the beginning, that we may know? And before, that we may say, 'He is right?' Surely, there is no one who declares. Surely, there is no one who shows. Surely, there is no one who hears your words.
      27 I am the first to say to Zion, 'Behold, look at them;' and I will give one who brings good news to Jerusalem.
      28 When I look, there is no man; even among them there is no counselor who, when I ask of them, can answer a word.
      29 Behold, all of them, their works are vanity and nothing. Their molten images are wind and confusion.

      Esaïe 42

      1 "Behold, my servant, whom I uphold; my chosen, in whom my soul delights-- I have put my Spirit on him. He will bring justice to the nations.
      2 He will not shout, nor raise his voice, nor cause it to be heard in the street.
      3 He won't break a bruised reed. He won't quench a dimly burning wick. He will faithfully bring justice.
      4 He will not fail nor be discouraged, until he has set justice in the earth, and the islands will wait for his law."
      5 Thus says God Yahweh, he who created the heavens and stretched them out, he who spread out the earth and that which comes out of it, he who gives breath to its people and spirit to those who walk in it.
      6 "I, Yahweh, have called you in righteousness, and will hold your hand, and will keep you, and make you a covenant for the people, as a light for the nations;
      7 to open the blind eyes, to bring the prisoners out of the dungeon, and those who sit in darkness out of the prison.
      8 "I am Yahweh. That is my name. I will not give my glory to another, nor my praise to engraved images.
      9 Behold, the former things have happened, and I declare new things. I tell you about them before they come up."
      10 Sing to Yahweh a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, you who go down to the sea, and all that is therein, the islands and their inhabitants.
      11 Let the wilderness and its cities raise their voices, with the villages that Kedar inhabits. Let the inhabitants of Sela sing. Let them shout from the top of the mountains!
      12 Let them give glory to Yahweh, and declare his praise in the islands.
      13 Yahweh will go out like a mighty man. He will stir up zeal like a man of war. He will raise a war cry. Yes, he will shout aloud. He will triumph over his enemies.
      14 "I have been silent a long time. I have been quiet and restrained myself. Now I will cry out like a travailing woman. I will both gasp and pant.
      15 I will destroy mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs. I will make the rivers islands, and will dry up the pools.
      16 I will bring the blind by a way that they don't know. I will lead them in paths that they don't know. I will make darkness light before them, and crooked places straight. I will do these things, and I will not forsake them.
      17 "Those who trust in engraved images, who tell molten images, 'You are our gods' will be turned back. They will be utterly disappointed.
      18 "Hear, you deaf, and look, you blind, that you may see.
      19 Who is blind, but my servant? Or who is as deaf as my messenger whom I send? Who is as blind as he who is at peace, and as blind as Yahweh's servant?
      20 You see many things, but don't observe. His ears are open, but he doesn't listen.
      21 It pleased Yahweh, for his righteousness' sake, to magnify the law, and make it honorable.
      22 But this is a robbed and plundered people. All of them are snared in holes, and they are hidden in prisons. They have become a prey, and no one delivers; and a spoil, and no one says, 'Restore them!'
      23 Who is there among you who will give ear to this? Who will listen and hear for the time to come?
      24 Who gave Jacob as plunder, and Israel to the robbers? Didn't Yahweh, he against whom we have sinned? For they would not walk in his ways, and they disobeyed his law.
      25 Therefore he poured the fierceness of his anger on him, and the strength of battle; and it set him on fire all around, but he didn't know; and it burned him, but he didn't take it to heart."

      Esaïe 43

      1 But now thus says Yahweh who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel: "Don't be afraid, for I have redeemed you. I have called you by your name. You are mine.
      2 When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and through the rivers, they will not overflow you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned, and flame will not scorch you.
      3 For I am Yahweh your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior. I have given Egypt as your ransom, Ethiopia and Seba in your place.
      4 Since you have been precious and honored in my sight, and I have loved you; therefore I will give people in your place, and nations instead of your life.
      5 Don't be afraid; for I am with you. I will bring your seed from the east, and gather you from the west.
      6 I will tell the north, 'Give them up!' and tell the south, 'Don't hold them back! Bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth--
      7 everyone who is called by my name, and whom I have created for my glory, whom I have formed, yes, whom I have made.'"
      8 Bring out the blind people who have eyes, and the deaf who have ears.
      9 Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the peoples be assembled. Who among them can declare this, and show us former things? Let them bring their witnesses, that they may be justified; or let them hear, and say, "That is true."
      10 "You are my witnesses," says Yahweh, "With my servant whom I have chosen; that you may know and believe me, and understand that I am he. Before me there was no God formed, neither will there be after me.
      11 I myself am Yahweh; and besides me there is no savior.
      12 I have declared, I have saved, and I have shown; and there was no strange god among you. Therefore you are my witnesses," says Yahweh, "and I am God.
      13 Yes, since the day was I am he; and there is no one who can deliver out of my hand. I will work, and who can hinder it?"
      14 Thus says Yahweh, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: "For your sake, I have sent to Babylon, and I will bring all of them down as fugitives, even the Chaldeans, in the ships of their rejoicing.
      15 I am Yahweh, your Holy One, the Creator of Israel, your King."
      16 Thus says Yahweh, who makes a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters;
      17 who brings forth the chariot and horse, the army and the mighty man (they lie down together, they shall not rise; they are extinct, they are quenched like a wick):
      18 "Don't remember the former things, and don't consider the things of old.
      19 Behold, I will do a new thing. It springs forth now. Don't you know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert.
      20 The animals of the field shall honor me, the jackals and the ostriches; because I give water in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen,
      21 the people which I formed for myself, that they might set forth my praise.
      22 Yet you have not called on me, Jacob; but you have been weary of me, Israel.
      23 You have not brought me of your sheep for burnt offerings; neither have you honored me with your sacrifices. I have not burdened you with offerings, nor wearied you with frankincense.
      24 You have bought me no sweet cane with money, nor have you filled me with the fat of your sacrifices; but you have burdened me with your sins. You have wearied me with your iniquities.
      25 I, even I, am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake; and I will not remember your sins.
      26 Put me in remembrance. Let us plead together. Set forth your case, that you may be justified.
      27 Your first father sinned, and your teachers have transgressed against me.
      28 Therefore I will profane the princes of the sanctuary; and I will make Jacob a curse, and Israel an insult."

      Esaïe 44

      1 Yet listen now, Jacob my servant, and Israel, whom I have chosen.
      2 This is what Yahweh who made you, and formed you from the womb, who will help you says: "Don't be afraid, Jacob my servant; and you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.
      3 For I will pour water on him who is thirsty, and streams on the dry ground. I will pour my Spirit on your seed, and my blessing on your offspring:
      4 and they will spring up among the grass, as willows by the watercourses.
      5 One will say, 'I am Yahweh's;' and another will be called by the name of Jacob; and another will write with his hand 'to Yahweh,' and honor the name of Israel."
      6 This is what Yahweh, the King of Israel, and his Redeemer, Yahweh of Armies, says: "I am the first, and I am the last; and besides me there is no God.
      7 Who is like me? Who will call, and will declare it, and set it in order for me, since I established the ancient people? Let them declare the things that are coming, and that will happen.
      8 Don't fear, neither be afraid. Haven't I declared it to you long ago, and shown it? You are my witnesses. Is there a God besides me? Indeed, there is not. I don't know any other Rock."
      9 Everyone who makes an engraved image is vain. The things that they delight in will not profit. Their own witnesses don't see, nor know, that they may be disappointed.
      10 Who has fashioned a god, or molds an image that is profitable for nothing?
      11 Behold, all his fellows will be disappointed; and the workmen are mere men. Let them all be gathered together. Let them stand up. They will fear. They will be put to shame together.
      12 The blacksmith takes an axe, works in the coals, fashions it with hammers, and works it with his strong arm. He is hungry, and his strength fails; he drinks no water, and is faint.
      13 The carpenter stretches out a line. He marks it out with a pencil. He shapes it with planes. He marks it out with compasses, and shapes it like the figure of a man, with the beauty of a man, to reside in a house.
      14 He cuts down cedars for himself, and takes the cypress and the oak, and strengthens for himself one among the trees of the forest. He plants a fir tree, and the rain nourishes it.
      15 Then it will be for a man to burn; and he takes some of it, and warms himself. Yes, he burns it, and bakes bread. Yes, he makes a god, and worships it; he makes it an engraved image, and falls down to it.
      16 He burns part of it in the fire. With part of it, he eats meat. He roasts a roast, and is satisfied. Yes, he warms himself, and says, "Aha! I am warm. I have seen the fire."
      17 The rest of it he makes into a god, even his engraved image. He bows down to it and worships, and prays to it, and says, "Deliver me; for you are my god!"
      18 They don't know, neither do they consider: for he has shut their eyes, that they can't see; and their hearts, that they can't understand.
      19 No one thinks, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, "I have burned part of it in the fire. Yes, I have also baked bread on its coals. I have roasted meat and eaten it. Shall I make the rest of it into an abomination? Shall I bow down to a tree trunk?"
      20 He feeds on ashes. A deceived heart has turned him aside; and he can't deliver his soul, nor say, "Isn't there a lie in my right hand?"
      21 Remember these things, Jacob and Israel; for you are my servant. I have formed you. You are my servant. Israel, you will not be forgotten by me.
      22 I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, your transgressions, and, as a cloud, your sins. Return to me, for I have redeemed you.
      23 Sing, you heavens, for Yahweh has done it! Shout, you lower parts of the earth! Break out into singing, you mountains, O forest, all of your trees, for Yahweh has redeemed Jacob, and will glorify himself in Israel.
      24 Thus says Yahweh, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb: "I am Yahweh, who makes all things; who alone stretches out the heavens; who spreads out the earth by myself;
      25 who frustrates the signs of the liars, and makes diviners mad; who turns wise men backward, and makes their knowledge foolish;
      26 who confirms the word of his servant, and performs the counsel of his messengers; who says of Jerusalem, 'She will be inhabited;' and of the cities of Judah, 'They will be built,' and 'I will raise up its waste places;'
      27 who says to the deep, 'Be dry,' and 'I will dry up your rivers;'
      28 Who says of Cyrus, 'He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,' even saying of Jerusalem, 'She will be built;' and of the temple, 'Your foundation will be laid.'"

      Esaïe 58

      3 'Why have we fasted,' say they, 'and you don't see? Why have we afflicted our soul, and you take no knowledge?' "Behold, in the day of your fast you find pleasure, and exact all your labors.
      7 Isn't it to distribute your bread to the hungry, and that you bring the poor who are cast out to your house? When you see the naked, that you cover him; and that you not hide yourself from your own flesh?

      Jérémie 4

      2 and you shall swear, 'As Yahweh lives,' in truth, in justice, and in righteousness. The nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory."

      Jérémie 5

      2 Though they say, 'As Yahweh lives;' surely they swear falsely."

      Jérémie 10

      10 But Yahweh is the true God; he is the living God, and an everlasting King: at his wrath the earth trembles, and the nations are not able to withstand his indignation.

      Jérémie 23

      36 You shall mention the burden of Yahweh no more: for every man's own word shall be his burden; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of Yahweh of Armies our God.

      Ezéchiel 20

      31 and when you offer your gifts, when you make your sons to pass through the fire, do you pollute yourselves with all your idols to this day? and shall I be inquired of by you, house of Israel? As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, I will not be inquired of by you;

      Ezéchiel 33

      11 Tell them, As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn, turn from your evil ways; for why will you die, house of Israel?

      Michée 6

      1 Listen now to what Yahweh says: "Arise, plead your case before the mountains, and let the hills hear what you have to say.
      2 Hear, you mountains, Yahweh's controversy, and you enduring foundations of the earth; for Yahweh has a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel.
      3 My people, what have I done to you? How have I burdened you? Answer me!
      4 For I brought you up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage. I sent before you Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
      5 My people, remember now what Balak king of Moab devised, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim to Gilgal, that you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh."
      6 How shall I come before Yahweh, and bow myself before the exalted God? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old?
      7 Will Yahweh be pleased with thousands of rams? With tens of thousands of rivers of oil? Shall I give my firstborn for my disobedience? The fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
      8 He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?
      9 Yahweh's voice calls to the city, and wisdom sees your name: "Listen to the rod, and he who appointed it.
      10 Are there yet treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and a short ephah that is accursed?
      11 Shall I be pure with dishonest scales, and with a bag of deceitful weights?
      12 Her rich men are full of violence, her inhabitants speak lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their speech.
      13 Therefore I also have struck you with a grievous wound. I have made you desolate because of your sins.
      14 You shall eat, but not be satisfied. Your humiliation will be in your midst. You will store up, but not save; and that which you save I will give up to the sword.
      15 You will sow, but won't reap. You will tread the olives, but won't anoint yourself with oil; and crush grapes, but won't drink the wine.
      16 For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab. You walk in their counsels, that I may make you a ruin, and her inhabitants a hissing; And you will bear the reproach of my people."

      Matthieu 6

      1 "Be careful that you don't do your charitable giving before men, to be seen by them, or else you have no reward from your Father who is in heaven.
      2 Therefore when you do merciful deeds, don't sound a trumpet before yourself, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may get glory from men. Most certainly I tell you, they have received their reward.
      3 But when you do merciful deeds, don't let your left hand know what your right hand does,
      4 so that your merciful deeds may be in secret, then your Father who sees in secret will reward you openly.
      5 "When you pray, you shall not be as the hypocrites, for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen by men. Most certainly, I tell you, they have received their reward.
      6 But you, when you pray, enter into your inner room, and having shut your door, pray to your Father who is in secret, and your Father who sees in secret will reward you openly.
      7 In praying, don't use vain repetitions, as the Gentiles do; for they think that they will be heard for their much speaking.
      8 Therefore don't be like them, for your Father knows what things you need, before you ask him.
      9 Pray like this: 'Our Father in heaven, may your name be kept holy.
      10 Let your Kingdom come. Let your will be done, as in heaven, so on earth.
      11 Give us today our daily bread.
      12 Forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors.
      13 Bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. For yours is the Kingdom, the power, and the glory forever. Amen. '
      14 "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.
      15 But if you don't forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
      16 "Moreover when you fast, don't be like the hypocrites, with sad faces. For they disfigure their faces, that they may be seen by men to be fasting. Most certainly I tell you, they have received their reward.
      17 But you, when you fast, anoint your head, and wash your face;
      18 so that you are not seen by men to be fasting, but by your Father who is in secret, and your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you.
      19 "Don't lay up treasures for yourselves on the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break through and steal;
      20 but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consume, and where thieves don't break through and steal;
      21 for where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
      22 "The lamp of the body is the eye. If therefore your eye is sound, your whole body will be full of light.
      23 But if your eye is evil, your whole body will be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in you is darkness, how great is the darkness!
      24 "No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other; or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other. You can't serve both God and Mammon.
      25 Therefore I tell you, don't be anxious for your life: what you will eat, or what you will drink; nor yet for your body, what you will wear. Isn't life more than food, and the body more than clothing?
      26 See the birds of the sky, that they don't sow, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns. Your heavenly Father feeds them. Aren't you of much more value than they?
      27 "Which of you, by being anxious, can add one moment to his lifespan?
      28 Why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow. They don't toil, neither do they spin,
      29 yet I tell you that even Solomon in all his glory was not dressed like one of these.
      30 But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today exists, and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, won't he much more clothe you, you of little faith?
      31 "Therefore don't be anxious, saying, 'What will we eat?', 'What will we drink?' or, 'With what will we be clothed?'
      32 For the Gentiles seek after all these things; for your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things.
      33 But seek first God's Kingdom, and his righteousness; and all these things will be given to you as well.
      34 Therefore don't be anxious for tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Each day's own evil is sufficient.

      Matthieu 7

      1 "Don't judge, so that you won't be judged.
      2 For with whatever judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you.
      3 Why do you see the speck that is in your brother's eye, but don't consider the beam that is in your own eye?
      4 Or how will you tell your brother, 'Let me remove the speck from your eye;' and behold, the beam is in your own eye?
      5 You hypocrite! First remove the beam out of your own eye, and then you can see clearly to remove the speck out of your brother's eye.
      6 "Don't give that which is holy to the dogs, neither throw your pearls before the pigs, lest perhaps they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to pieces.
      7 "Ask, and it will be given you. Seek, and you will find. Knock, and it will be opened for you.
      8 For everyone who asks receives. He who seeks finds. To him who knocks it will be opened.
      9 Or who is there among you, who, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone?
      10 Or if he asks for a fish, who will give him a serpent?
      11 If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask him!
      12 Therefore whatever you desire for men to do to you, you shall also do to them; for this is the law and the prophets.
      13 "Enter in by the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and many are those who enter in by it.
      14 How narrow is the gate, and restricted is the way that leads to life! Few are those who find it.
      15 "Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves.
      16 By their fruits you will know them. Do you gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles?
      17 Even so, every good tree produces good fruit; but the corrupt tree produces evil fruit.
      18 A good tree can't produce evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree produce good fruit.
      19 Every tree that doesn't grow good fruit is cut down, and thrown into the fire.
      20 Therefore by their fruits you will know them.
      21 Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven; but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.
      22 Many will tell me in that day, 'Lord, Lord, didn't we prophesy in your name, in your name cast out demons, and in your name do many mighty works?'
      23 Then I will tell them, 'I never knew you. Depart from me, you who work iniquity.'
      24 "Everyone therefore who hears these words of mine, and does them, I will liken him to a wise man, who built his house on a rock.
      25 The rain came down, the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat on that house; and it didn't fall, for it was founded on the rock.
      26 Everyone who hears these words of mine, and doesn't do them will be like a foolish man, who built his house on the sand.
      27 The rain came down, the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat on that house; and it fell--and great was its fall."
      28 It happened, when Jesus had finished saying these things, that the multitudes were astonished at his teaching,
      29 for he taught them with authority, and not like the scribes.

      Marc 7

      1 Then the Pharisees, and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem.
      23 All these evil things come from within, and defile the man."

      Jean 1

      4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men.

      Jean 5

      26 For as the Father has life in himself, even so he gave to the Son also to have life in himself.

      Romains 2

      2 We know that the judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things.

      Romains 5

      16 The gift is not as through one who sinned: for the judgment came by one to condemnation, but the free gift came of many trespasses to justification.

      Hébreux 13

      8 Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.

      Apocalypse 1

      4 John, to the seven assemblies that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace, from God, who is and who was and who is to come; and from the seven Spirits who are before his throne;
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.