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ZACHARIE

(=JHVH se souvient).

1. Onzième livre du recueil des douze « petits prophètes » (voir art. suivant).

2. Roi d'Israël, fils et successeur de Jéroboam II ; dernier représentant de la dynastie de Jéhu, il ne régna que six mois (745-744) et fut assassiné par Sallum (2Ro 14:29 15:8,12). Alors s'ouvrit en Israël la période d'anarchie qui devait aboutir, en 722, à la prise de Samarie par les Assyriens (2Ro 17).

3. Aïeul maternel du roi Ézéchias (2Ro 18:2,2Ch 29:1).

4. Un des deux témoins choisis par Ésaïe pour confirmer une de ses prophéties (Esa 8:2).

5. Rubénite.

6. (1Ch 5:7) Frère de Kis (1Ch 9:37 =Zéker 1Ch 8:31).

7. Manassite (1Ch 27:21).

8. Un des chefs du roi Josaphat, chargés par lui d'enseigner la Loi au peuple (2Ch 17:7).

9. Un des fils de ce roi (2Ch 21:2).

10. Pieux conseiller du roi Ozias (2Ch 26:5).

Lévites.

11. Chantre (1Ch 15:18 20 16:5).

12. Chef de famille (1Ch 24:25).

13. Fils de Mésélémia ; portier de la tente d'assignation (1Ch 9:21 26:2,14).

14. Mérarite, portier du temple (1Ch 26:11).

15. Descendant d'Asaph (2Ch 20:14).

16. Un des lévites d'Ézéchias, chargés de purifier le temple (2Ch 29:13).

17. Surveillant des réparations du temple, sous Josias (2Ch 34:12).

Prêtres.

18. Un des prêtres qui sonnaient de la trompette devant l'arche, sous David (1Ch 15:24).

19. Fils du grand-prêtre Jéhojada le bienfaiteur de Joas ; celui-ci, au cours de son règne, fit lapider Zacharie dans les parvis du temple, pour avoir courageusement dénoncé l'idolâtrie régnante et annoncé les châtiments de Dieu (2Ch 24:20,22). Jésus, en rappelant ce crime (Mt 23:35, Lu 11:51), se faisait l'écho de l'indignation provoquée dans la conscience du peuple par ce forfait sacrilège. Le livre des Chroniques qui raconte ce fait était alors le dernier volume sacré, comme la Genèse qui raconte l'histoire d'Abel était le premier ; l'expression : « depuis le sang d'Abel jusqu'à celui de Zacharie » avait donc pour Jésus la valeur d'un saisissant raccourci, récapitulant tous les crimes des chefs du peuple contre les envoyés de Dieu, à travers toute l'histoire d'Israël. La précision : « fils de Barachie » (Mt 23:35) serait dans ce cas un lapsus (non reproduit par Luc), ou de l'évangéliste ou d'un copiste répétant machinalement le patronyme du prophète Zacharie (Zach, 1:1) au lieu de celui du prêtre, fils de Jéhojada ; ce pourrait être aussi une confusion avec un « Zacharie fils de Baruch », tué dans le temple par les Zélotes en 67 ap. J. -C, d'après Josèphe (G.J., IV, 19), erreur qui constituerait un anachronisme puisque ce dernier meurtre était postérieur à Jésus-Christ d'au moins 35 ans.

20. Un des « princes de la maison de Dieu », sous Josias (2Ch 35:8).

21, 22, 23. Deux Judaïtes et un Benjamite, ancêtres de Juifs qui s'établirent à Jérusalem (Ne 11:4,5,12).

24,25. Un fils de prêtre et un prêtre, trompettes dans les choeurs de Néhémie (Ne 12:35,41).

Israélites revenus de l'exil.

26. L'un des chefs chargés par Esdras d'obtenir du personnel pour le temple (Esd 8:16).

27,28. Chefs de famille revenus de Babylone avec Esdras (Esd 8:3-11).

29. Israélite mari d'une femme étrangère (Esd 10:26).

30. Un des assistants d'Esdras, placé à sa gauche pendant la promulgation de la Loi (Ne 8:4).

Apocryphes.

31. Père de Joseph, officier de Judas Macchabée (1Ma 5:18,54).

Nouveau Testament.

32. Prêtre de la classe d'Abia, mari d'Elisabeth et père de Jean-Baptiste (Lu 1). Pendant qu'il officiait, à son tour, dans le temple, l'ange Gabriel lui apparut et lui prédit la naissance d'un fils, Jean, qui deviendrait un prophète du Seigneur. Zacharie ayant mis en doute cette annonce, devint muet, peut-être même sourd et muet (comme le pense Stapfer) si l'on est obligé de lui parler par signes : (Lu 1:62) le mot du verset 20 et suivantignifie « muet », mais celui du verset 22 signifie « privé de la parole ou de l'ouïe ». Godet croit au contraire que d'après la scène entière il a tout entendu. Comme le verset 63 n'indique pas les signes que le muet a dû faire pour demander des tablettes, une erreur de copie a peut-être reporté ces signes, nécessaires, au verset précédent, où ils étaient inutiles. Quoi qu'il en soit, Zacharie ne recouvra la parole que lorsque, au moment de la circoncision de l'enfant dans le temple, il montra sa ferme résolution de l'appeler Jean, ainsi que l'ange l'avait ordonné. Alors, rempli du Saint-Esprit, il rouvrit la bouche pour louer Dieu, dans le cantique désigné par la tradition sous le nom de Benediclus (voir ce mot).

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      1 Chroniques 5

      7 His brothers by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned: the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,

      1 Chroniques 8

      31 and Gedor, and Ahio, and Zecher.

      1 Chroniques 9

      21 Zechariah the son of Meshelemiah was porter of the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      37 and Gedor, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth.

      1 Chroniques 15

      18 and with them their brothers of the second degree, Zechariah, Ben, and Jaaziel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, Eliab, and Benaiah, and Maaseiah, and Mattithiah, and Eliphelehu, and Mikneiah, and Obed-Edom, and Jeiel, the doorkeepers.
      24 Shebaniah, and Joshaphat, and Nethanel, and Amasai, and Zechariah, and Benaiah, and Eliezer, the priests, blew the trumpets before the ark of God: and Obed-Edom and Jehiah were doorkeepers for the ark.

      1 Chroniques 24

      25 The brother of Micah, Isshiah; of the sons of Isshiah, Zechariah.

      1 Chroniques 26

      11 Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth: all the sons and brothers of Hosah were thirteen.

      1 Chroniques 27

      21 of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner:

      2 Chroniques 17

      7 Also in the third year of his reign he sent his princes, even Ben Hail, and Obadiah, and Zechariah, and Nethanel, and Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah;

      2 Chroniques 20

      14 Then the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jahaziel the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, the Levite, of the sons of Asaph, in the midst of the assembly;

      2 Chroniques 21

      2 He had brothers, the sons of Jehoshaphat: Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah; all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.

      2 Chroniques 24

      20 The Spirit of God came on Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest; and he stood above the people, and said to them, "Thus says God, 'Why do you disobey the commandments of Yahweh, so that you can't prosper? Because you have forsaken Yahweh, he has also forsaken you.'"

      2 Chroniques 26

      5 He set himself to seek God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the vision of God: and as long as he sought Yahweh, God made him to prosper.

      2 Chroniques 29

      1 Hezekiah began to reign when he was twenty-five years old; and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah.
      13 and of the sons of Elizaphan, Shimri and Jeuel; and of the sons of Asaph, Zechariah and Mattaniah;

      2 Chroniques 34

      12 The men did the work faithfully: and their overseers were Jahath and Obadiah, the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and Zechariah and Meshullam, of the sons of the Kohathites, to set it forward; and others of the Levites, all who were skillful with instruments of music.

      2 Chroniques 35

      8 His princes gave for a freewill offering to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, the rulers of God's house, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand and six hundred small livestock, and three hundred head of cattle.

      Esdras 8

      3 Of the sons of Shecaniah, of the sons of Parosh, Zechariah; and with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males one hundred fifty.
      4 Of the sons of Pahathmoab, Eliehoenai the son of Zerahiah; and with him two hundred males.
      5 Of the sons of Shecaniah, the son of Jahaziel; and with him three hundred males.
      6 Of the sons of Adin, Ebed the son of Jonathan; and with him fifty males.
      7 Of the sons of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah; and with him seventy males.
      8 Of the sons of Shephatiah, Zebadiah the son of Michael; and with him eighty males.
      9 Of the sons of Joab, Obadiah the son of Jehiel; and with him two hundred and eighteen males.
      10 Of the sons of Shelomith, the son of Josiphiah; and with him one hundred sixty males.
      11 Of the sons of Bebai, Zechariah the son of Bebai; and with him twenty-eight males.
      16 Then sent I for Eliezer, for Ariel, for Shemaiah, and for Elnathan, and for Jarib, and for Elnathan, and for Nathan, and for Zechariah, and for Meshullam, chief men; also for Joiarib, and for Elnathan, who were teachers.

      Esdras 10

      26 Of the sons of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Elijah.

      Néhémie 8

      4 Ezra the scribe stood on a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Uriah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchijah, and Hashum, and Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam.

      Néhémie 11

      4 In Jerusalem lived certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. Of the children of Judah: Athaiah the son of Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of Shephatiah, the son of Mahalalel, of the children of Perez;
      5 and Maaseiah the son of Baruch, the son of Colhozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son of the Shilonite.
      12 and their brothers who did the work of the house, eight hundred twenty-two; and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah,

      Néhémie 12

      35 and certain of the priests' sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;
      41 and the priests, Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets;

      Esaïe 8

      2 and I will take for myself faithful witnesses to testify: Uriah the priest, and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah."

      Zacharie 1

      1 In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying,

      Matthieu 23

      35 that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.

      Luc 1

      1 Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us,
      2 even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word delivered them to us,
      3 it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;
      4 that you might know the certainty concerning the things in which you were instructed.
      5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.
      6 They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord.
      7 But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years.
      8 Now it happened, while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his division,
      9 according to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.
      10 The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense.
      11 An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense.
      12 Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him.
      13 But the angel said to him, "Don't be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard, and your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.
      14 You will have joy and gladness; and many will rejoice at his birth.
      15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother's womb.
      16 He will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord, their God.
      17 He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, 'to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,' and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord."
      18 Zacharias said to the angel, "How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years."
      19 The angel answered him, "I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news.
      20 Behold, you will be silent and not able to speak, until the day that these things will happen, because you didn't believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time."
      21 The people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple.
      22 When he came out, he could not speak to them, and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute.
      23 It happened, when the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house.
      24 After these days Elizabeth, his wife, conceived, and she hid herself five months, saying,
      25 "Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men."
      26 Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,
      27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin's name was Mary.
      28 Having come in, the angel said to her, "Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!"
      29 But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be.
      30 The angel said to her, "Don't be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.
      31 Behold, you will conceive in your womb, and bring forth a son, and will call his name 'Jesus.'
      32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father, David,
      33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom."
      34 Mary said to the angel, "How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?"
      35 The angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.
      36 Behold, Elizabeth, your relative, also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren.
      37 For everything spoken by God is possible."
      38 Mary said, "Behold, the handmaid of the Lord; be it to me according to your word." The angel departed from her.
      39 Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah,
      40 and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth.
      41 It happened, when Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, that the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
      42 She called out with a loud voice, and said, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!
      43 Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?
      44 For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy!
      45 Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!"
      46 Mary said, "My soul magnifies the Lord.
      47 My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior,
      48 for he has looked at the humble state of his handmaid. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.
      49 For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name.
      50 His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him.
      51 He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.
      52 He has put down princes from their thrones. And has exalted the lowly.
      53 He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty.
      54 He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,
      55 As he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and his seed forever."
      56 Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house.
      57 Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she brought forth a son.
      58 Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her.
      59 It happened on the eighth day, that they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of the father.
      60 His mother answered, "Not so; but he will be called John."
      61 They said to her, "There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name."
      62 They made signs to his father, what he would have him called.
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