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2 Rois 23.29

Pharaon Néco : le second roi de la vingt-sixième dynastie ; prince célèbre qui travailla surtout à développer la marine égyptienne et fit exécuter pour la première fois le tour de l'Afrique par des vaisseaux qui, partis de la mer Rouge, revinrent en Egypte par le détroit de Gibraltar et la Méditerranée. Il est probable que ce fut par mer et au moyen de sa flotte qu'il transporta son armée au nord de la Palestine, d'où il voulait passer directement en Assyrie. S'il était venu d'Egypte par terre, ce ne serait pas au nord, dans la plaine de Méguiddo, que Josias serait allé à sa rencontre. Il débarqua sans doute dans la baie d'Acco, au pied du Carmel, et ce fut tout naturellement dans la plaine d'Esdraélon, qui s'ouvre là, que Josias le rencontra. Voir le récit plus détaillé 2Chroniques 35.20 et suivants.

Monta contre le roi d'Assyrie. Cet empire, comme nous l'avons dit (23.15), était alors en pleine décadence. Peu de temps après la bataille de Méguiddo (610), Ninive tomba, après trois ans de siège, au pouvoir des Mèdes et des Babyloniens coalisés. L'expédition de Néco était probablement motivée par le désir de profiter de la chute prévue de cet empire pour étendre son pouvoir sur l'Orient.

Josias marcha à sa rencontre. Par quelle raison et dans quel but ? Les historiens ne sont pas d'accord sur ce point. Le royaume du nord n'étant pas en son pouvoir, il semble qu'il eût pu laisser passer Néco sans s'opposer à lui. Il paraît probable que, depuis la grande réforme religieuse qu'il avait accomplie dans cette contrée, il s'envisageait plus ou moins comme le souverain du pays, succédant ainsi à ses ancêtres, David et Salomon. qui avaient possédé toute la Terre Sainte. Mais même dans cette supposition, sa conduite reste difficile à expliquer. Il semble qu'il ait été abandonné à un esprit d'aveuglement, qui devait servir à réaliser la prophétie de Hulda et le dessein de Dieu qui allait à la ruine de Juda. Hérodote mentionne la bataille de Méguiddo, ville qu'il appelle Magdolon, probablement par corruption du nom hébreu.

Dès qu'il le vit : pour ainsi dire sans combat. Josèphe raconte que ce fut en parcourant son armée pour la ranger en bataille, que Josias fut frappé d'une flèche.

Les lamentations populaires qui accompagnèrent immédiatement cette mort et qui se célébrèrent encore pendant des siècles (2Chroniques 35.25), montrent que le peuple sentit profondément l'importance de ce coup. Comme les règnes de David et de Salomon avaient été l'aurore et le glorieux lever de soleil de la royauté israélite, celui de Josias fut le dernier éclat jeté par le soleil couchant, qui allait s'éteindre dans une longue et sombre nuit.


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      Josué 17

      11 Manasseh had three heights in Issachar, in Asher Beth Shean and its towns, and Ibleam and its towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Endor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns.

      Juges 1

      27 Manasseh did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shean and its towns, nor Taanach and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

      Juges 5

      19 "The kings came and fought, then the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo. They took no plunder of silver.

      1 Rois 4

      12 Baana the son of Ahilud, in Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth Shean which is beside Zarethan, beneath Jezreel, from Beth Shean to Abel Meholah, as far as beyond Jokmeam;

      2 Rois 9

      27 But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden house. Jehu followed after him, and said, "Strike him also in the chariot!" They struck him at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam. He fled to Megiddo, and died there.

      2 Rois 14

      8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us look one another in the face."
      11 But Amaziah would not listen. So Jehoash king of Israel went up; and he and Amaziah king of Judah looked one another in the face at Beth Shemesh, which belongs to Judah.

      2 Rois 22

      20 'Therefore behold, I will gather you to your fathers, and you shall be gathered to your grave in peace, neither shall your eyes see all the evil which I will bring on this place.'"'" They brought back this message to the king.

      2 Rois 23

      29 In his days Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and Pharaoh Necoh killed him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.
      33 Pharaoh Necoh put him in bonds at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of one hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.
      34 Pharaoh Necoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the place of Josiah his father, and changed his name to Jehoiakim: but he took Jehoahaz away; and he came to Egypt, and died there.
      35 Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of everyone according to his taxation, to give it to Pharaoh Necoh.

      2 Rois 24

      7 The king of Egypt didn't come again out of his land any more; for the king of Babylon had taken, from the brook of Egypt to the river Euphrates, all that pertained to the king of Egypt.

      2 Chroniques 35

      20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Neco king of Egypt went up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates: and Josiah went out against him.
      21 But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, "What have I to do with you, you king of Judah? I come not against you this day, but against the house with which I have war. God has commanded me to make haste. Beware that it is God who is with me, that he not destroy you."
      22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and didn't listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.
      23 The archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, "Take me away, because I am seriously wounded!"
      24 So his servants took him out of the chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had, and brought him to Jerusalem; and he died, and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.

      Ecclésiaste 8

      14 There is a vanity which is done on the earth, that there are righteous men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked. Again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity.

      Ecclésiaste 9

      1 For all this I laid to my heart, even to explore all this: that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God; whether it is love or hatred, man doesn't know it; all is before them.
      2 All things come alike to all. There is one event to the righteous and to the wicked; to the good, to the clean, to the unclean, to him who sacrifices, and to him who doesn't sacrifice. As is the good, so is the sinner; he who takes an oath, as he who fears an oath.

      Esaïe 57

      1 The righteous perishes, and no man lays it to heart; and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil.
      2 He enters into peace; they rest in their beds, each one who walks in his uprightness.

      Jérémie 46

      2 Of Egypt: concerning the army of Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah.

      Zacharie 12

      11 In that day there will be a great mourning in Jerusalem, like the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon.

      Romains 11

      33 Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!

      Apocalypse 16

      16 He gathered them together into the place which is called in Hebrew, Megiddo.
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