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29
It shall happen, when Yahweh your God shall bring you into the land where you go to possess it, that you shall set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal.
12
"These shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people, when you have passed over the Jordan: Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin.
13
These shall stand on Mount Ebal for the curse: Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.
14
The Levites shall answer, and tell all the men of Israel with a loud voice,
15
'Cursed is the man who makes an engraved or molten image, an abomination to Yahweh, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and sets it up in secret.' All the people shall answer and say, 'Amen.'
16
'Cursed is he who sets light by his father or his mother.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
17
'Cursed is he who removes his neighbor's landmark.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
18
'Cursed is he who makes the blind to wander out of the way.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
19
'Cursed is he who the foreigner, fatherless, and widow of justice.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
20
'Cursed is he who lies with his father's wife, because he has uncovered his father's skirt.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
21
'Cursed is he who lies with any kind of animal.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
22
'Cursed is he who lies with his sister, the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
23
'Cursed is he who lies with his mother-in-law.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
24
'Cursed is he who strikes his neighbor in secret.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
25
'Cursed is he who takes a bribe to kill an innocent person.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'
26
'Cursed is he who doesn't confirm the words of this law to do them.' All the people shall say, 'Amen.'"
30
Then Joshua built an altar to Yahweh, the God of Israel, in Mount Ebal,
31
as Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of uncut stones, on which no man had lifted up any iron. They offered burnt offerings on it to Yahweh, and sacrificed peace offerings.
32
He wrote there on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.
33
All Israel, and their elders and officers, and their judges, stood on this side of the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, who carried the ark of Yahweh's covenant, the foreigner as well as the native; half of them in front of Mount Gerizim, and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of Yahweh had commanded at the first, that they should bless the people of Israel.
34
Afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law.
35
There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua didn't read before all the assembly of Israel, with the women, the little ones, and the foreigners who were among them.
Tu proclameras, littéralement : tu mettras... On peut rapporter ce terme à l'acte qu'accomplit Josué (Josué 8.30-35) en écrivant la loi sur des pierres qu'il posa sur le mont Ebal, en face du peuple. Mais on peut aussi traduire, comme nous l'avons fait ; comparez 27.11-26. La meilleure manière d'imprimer la loi dans le cœur du peuple, était de la lui faire proclamer lui-même solennellement au centre et en face des montagnes du pays que Dieu lui aurait donné. Ces montagnes deviendraient ainsi comme les témoins des promesses et des menaces de l'Eternel.
Garizim et Ebal. Ces deux montagnes s'élèvent en face l'une de l'autre, à l'entrée de la vallée de Sichem, aujourd'hui Naplouse. Cette riante vallée avait joué un rôle important dans l'histoire des patriarches (Genèse 12.6 ; 33.18 ; 34.2 ; 35.4). Elle forme le cœur du pays de Canaan.
Rien n'indique au premier abord, dit M. F. Bovet, quel motif a fait choisir l'une des montagnes pour les malédictions, l'autre pour les bénédictions. Toutes deux sont du côté de Sichem, escarpées, nues et rocheuses. Si la plus belle part a été donnée au Garizim, c'est tout simplement, je crois, parce qu'il est à droite (pour quelqu'un qui s'oriente en regardant vers le levant). Or, chez les Hébreux, comme chez les Grecs, la droite était le côté honorable. (Voyage en Terre Sainte pages 324-325). D'autres voient la raison de la préférence donnée au Garizim dans le fait qu'il est au sud, côté de la lumière ; or la lumière représente la bénédiction.