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FIDÈLE, FIDÉLITÉ

Définition biblique de Fidèle, fidélité :

La fidélité est une vertu qui fait référence à la fermeté, à la foi. Elle est à la fois un attribut de Dieu et aussi ce qu'Il attend de Ses Enfants.

Sommaire

I. ÉTYMOLOGIE.

Le nom de cette vertu en hébreu exprime la fermeté (racine aman) ; en grec comme en latin et en français, elle est rattachée à la foi (grec pistos et pistis ; lat. fidelis et fides). Elle consiste à garder la foi donnée à une personne ou à une cause.

II. LA FIDÉLITÉ DE DIEU.

Attribut du Dieu de la Révélation, tant sous l'ancienne alliance que sous la nouvelle (De 7:9 32:4,1Th 5:24, Heb 10:23 etc.), elle est souvent mise en rapport avec sa grâce ou bonté (Ex 34:6, Ps 36:6 etc.), avec son oeuvre d'amour pour les hommes (2Th 3:3,1Co 1:9 10:13,1Jn 1:9 etc.) ; elle désigne aussi, par anthropomorphisme, sa rétribution de réciprocité envers les hommes qui lui sont fidèles (Ps 18:26). Mais Dieu, pour sa part, demeure toujours fidèle à son plan de salut, à l'alliance traitée entre eux et Lui (Esa 49:7). Naturellement, il veut leur fidélité envers Lui, qui est la manifestation de leur foi en Lui, par leur conduite loyale en toutes circonstances (Jos 24:14,1Sa 12:24, Ga 5:22 etc.), même dans les moindres choses (Lu 16:10 19:17). Non seulement leur fidélité à Dieu implique la fidélité à leur devoir (No 12:7, Ac 16:15,1Co 4:2, Eph 6:21, Col 4:9, Tit 2:10, etc.) et la résistance, même sous peine de mort, à la tentation de le renier (Da 6:4, Ap 2:10), mais une telle fidélité représente leur piété elle-même, si bien que les Psaumes les appellent souvent hasidim (voir Hasi-déens) : les fidèles, ou pieux (Ps 31:24 37:28 etc.), et que ce titre est traduit en passant de la synagogue juive à l'Église primitive, dont les membres sont : les fidèles (1Co 7:12 11:19,1Ti 4:10 6:2) ; il ne doit comporter, d'ailleurs, ni orgueil ni mérite, car cette fidélité n'est rendue possible que par le Seigneur (1Co 4:17 7:25, Sg.), qui lui-même, fidèle à Dieu (Heb 3:2 et suivants), est le Témoin fidèle et vrai (Ap 3:14). Les « fidèles » sont donc les « croyants » : de Dieu et de Jésus-Christ ; ainsi s'explique la quasi-équivalence de la « fidélité » et de la « foi » dans la célèbre déclaration d'Habacuc (Hab 2:4), qui insiste sur la. fidélité de la nation à la volonté de Dieu, et dans la citation qu'en fait saint Paul (Ro 1:17), qui insiste sur la confiance en Dieu de l'individu.

III. L’INFIDÉLITÉ.

L'infidélité est exprimée dans l'A.T., non seulement par la négation de la fidélité (Ps 78:8), mais plus encore par des ternies évoquant l'idée positive de trahison (Ps 78:57) ou de mensonge : (Esa 57:11) la déloyauté dans le service et le culte de l'Éternel, l'abandon de son alliance, sont le fait de tant d'Israélites, qu'ils constituent un thème dominant des prophètes (Esa 48:8 63:8, Mal 2:10-11,16 etc.) et leur inspirent fréquemment l'image de l'infidélité conjugale (Os 2, Eze 16, Jer 3:20 etc.).

Dans le N.T., les apistoï sont parfois les incrédules, ceux qui résistent à la foi (Mr 9:19, Jn 20:27,1Co 14:22 et suivants), mais ce sont aussi les infidèles à proprement parler, ceux en qui l'on ne peut se fier, comme l'économe infidèle (Lu 16:8, cf. Lu 12:46,2Ti 2:13), et encore plus souvent ceux qui ne font pas partie de l'assemblée des fidèles (1Co 6:6 7:12 ss 2Co 6:14 s 1Ti 5:8 Tit 1:15, etc.). On sait comment cette épithète s'est fixée dans l'histoire religieuse, pour désigner, non sans un certain mépris, les peuples qui n'ont pas la foi au Dieu de la Bible : les infidèles. Jn L.

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      Exode 34

      6 Yahweh passed by before him, and proclaimed, "Yahweh! Yahweh, a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth,

      Nombres 12

      7 My servant Moses is not so. He is faithful in all my house.

      Josué 24

      14 "Now therefore fear Yahweh, and serve him in sincerity and in truth. Put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, in Egypt; and serve Yahweh.

      1 Samuel 12

      24 Only fear Yahweh, and serve him in truth with all your heart; for consider how great things he has done for you.

      Psaumes 18

      26 With the pure, you will show yourself pure. With the crooked you will show yourself shrewd.

      Psaumes 31

      24 Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all you who hope in Yahweh.

      Psaumes 36

      6 Your righteousness is like the mountains of God. Your judgments are like a great deep. Yahweh, you preserve man and animal.

      Psaumes 37

      28 For Yahweh loves justice, and doesn't forsake his saints. They are preserved forever, but the children of the wicked shall be cut off.

      Psaumes 78

      8 and might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation that didn't make their hearts loyal, whose spirit was not steadfast with God.
      57 but turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers. They were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

      Esaïe 48

      8 Yes, you didn't hear; yes, you didn't know; yes, from of old your ear was not opened: for I knew that you dealt very treacherously, and was called a transgressor from the womb.

      Esaïe 49

      7 Thus says Yahweh, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despises, to him whom the nation abhors, to a servant of rulers: "Kings shall see and arise; princes, and they shall worship; because of Yahweh who is faithful, even the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen you."

      Esaïe 57

      11 "Of whom have you been afraid and in fear, that you lie, and have not remembered me, nor laid it to your heart? Haven't I held my peace even of long time, and you don't fear me?

      Esaïe 63

      8 For he said, "Surely, they are my people, children who will not deal falsely:" so he was their Savior.

      Jérémie 3

      20 "Surely as a wife treacherously departs from her husband, so you have dealt treacherously with me, house of Israel," says Yahweh.

      Ezéchiel 16

      1 Again the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      2 Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations;
      3 and say, Thus says the Lord Yahweh to Jerusalem: Your birth and your birth is of the land of the Canaanite; the Amorite was your father, and your mother was a Hittite.
      4 As for your birth, in the day you were born your navel was not cut, neither were you washed in water to cleanse you; you weren't salted at all, nor swaddled at all.
      5 No eye pitied you, to do any of these things to you, to have compassion on you; but you were cast out in the open field, for that your person was abhorred, in the day that you were born.
      6 When I passed by you, and saw you wallowing in your blood, I said to you, Though you are in your blood, live; yes, I said to you, Though you are in your blood, live.
      7 I caused you to multiply as that which grows in the field, and you increased and grew great, and you attained to excellent ornament; your breasts were fashioned, and your hair was grown; yet you were naked and bare.
      8 Now when I passed by you, and looked at you, behold, your time was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over you, and covered your nakedness: yes, I swore to you, and entered into a covenant with you, says the Lord Yahweh, and you became mine.
      9 Then washed I you with water; yes, I thoroughly washed away your blood from you, and I anointed you with oil.
      10 I clothed you also with embroidered work, and shod you with sealskin, and I dressed you about with fine linen, and covered you with silk.
      11 I decked you with ornaments, and I put bracelets on your hands, and a chain on your neck.
      12 I put a ring on your nose, and earrings in your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head.
      13 Thus you were decked with gold and silver; and your clothing was of fine linen, and silk, and embroidered work; you ate fine flour, and honey, and oil; and you were exceeding beautiful, and you prospered to royal estate.
      14 Your renown went forth among the nations for your beauty; for it was perfect, through my majesty which I had put on you, says the Lord Yahweh.
      15 But you trusted in your beauty, and played the prostitute because of your renown, and poured out your prostitution on everyone who passed by; his it was.
      16 You took of your garments, and made for yourselves high places decked with various colors, and played the prostitute on them: [the like things] shall not come, neither shall it be [so].
      17 You also took your beautiful jewels of my gold and of my silver, which I had given you, and made for yourself images of men, and played the prostitute with them;
      18 and you took your embroidered garments, and covered them, and set my oil and my incense before them.
      19 My bread also which I gave you, fine flour, and oil, and honey, with which I fed you, you even set it before them for a pleasant aroma; and [thus] it was, says the Lord Yahweh.
      20 Moreover you have taken your sons and your daughters, whom you have borne to me, and you have sacrificed these to them to be devoured. Was your prostitution a small matter,
      21 that you have slain my children, and delivered them up, in causing them to pass through [the fire] to them?
      22 In all your abominations and your prostitution you have not remembered the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, and were wallowing in your blood.
      23 It has happened after all your wickedness, (woe, woe to you! says the Lord Yahweh),
      24 that you have built for yourselves a vaulted place, and have made yourselves a lofty place in every street.
      25 You have built your lofty place at the head of every way, and have made your beauty an abomination, and have opened your feet to everyone who passed by, and multiplied your prostitution.
      26 You have also committed sexual immorality with the Egyptians, your neighbors, great of flesh; and have multiplied your prostitution, to provoke me to anger.
      27 See therefore, I have stretched out my hand over you, and have diminished your ordinary [food], and delivered you to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who are ashamed of your lewd way.
      28 You have played the prostitute also with the Assyrians, because you were insatiable; yes, you have played the prostitute with them, and yet you weren't satisfied.
      29 You have moreover multiplied your prostitution to the land of merchants, to Chaldea; and yet you weren't satisfied with this.
      30 How weak is your heart, says the Lord Yahweh, since you do all these things, the work of an impudent prostitute;
      31 in that you build your vaulted place at the head of every way, and make your lofty place in every street, and have not been as a prostitute, in that you scorn pay.
      32 A wife who commits adultery! who takes strangers instead of her husband!
      33 They give gifts to all prostitutes; but you give your gifts to all your lovers, and bribe them, that they may come to you on every side for your prostitution.
      34 You are different from [other] women in your prostitution, in that no one follows you to play the prostitute; and whereas you give hire, and no hire is given to you, therefore you are different.
      35 Therefore, prostitute, hear the word of Yahweh:
      36 Thus says the Lord Yahweh, Because your filthiness was poured out, and your nakedness uncovered through your prostitution with your lovers; and because of all the idols of your abominations, and for the blood of your children, that you gave to them;
      37 therefore see, I will gather all your lovers, with whom you have taken pleasure, and all those who you have loved, with all those who you have hated; I will even gather them against you on every side, and will uncover your nakedness to them, that they may see all your nakedness.
      38 I will judge you, as women who break wedlock and shed blood are judged; and I will bring on you the blood of wrath and jealousy.
      39 I will also give you into their hand, and they shall throw down your vaulted place, and break down your lofty places; and they shall strip you of your clothes, and take your beautiful jewels; and they shall leave you naked and bare.
      40 They shall also bring up a company against you, and they shall stone you with stones, and thrust you through with their swords.
      41 They shall burn your houses with fire, and execute judgments on you in the sight of many women; and I will cause you to cease from playing the prostitute, and you shall also give no hire any more.
      42 So will I cause my wrath toward you to rest, and my jealousy shall depart from you, and I will be quiet, and will be no more angry.
      43 Because you have not remembered the days of your youth, but have raged against me in all these things; therefore, behold, I also will bring your way on your head, says the Lord Yahweh: and you shall not commit this lewdness with all your abominations.
      44 Behold, everyone who uses proverbs shall use [this] proverb against you, saying, As is the mother, so is her daughter.
      45 You are the daughter of your mother, who loathes her husband and her children; and you are the sister of your sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children: your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite.
      46 Your elder sister is Samaria, who dwells at your left hand, she and her daughters; and your younger sister, who dwells at your right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.
      47 Yet have you not walked in their ways, nor done after their abominations; but, as [if that were] a very little [thing], you were more corrupt than they in all your ways.
      48 As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, Sodom your sister has not done, she nor her daughters, as you have done, you and your daughters.
      49 Behold, this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: pride, fullness of bread, and prosperous ease was in her and in her daughters; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.
      50 They were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw [good].
      51 Neither has Samaria committed half of your sins; but you have multiplied your abominations more than they, and have justified your sisters by all your abominations which you have done.
      52 You also, bear you your own shame, in that you have given judgment for your sisters; through your sins that you have committed more abominable than they, they are more righteous that you: yes, be also confounded, and bear your shame, in that you have justified your sisters.
      53 I will turn again their captivity, the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters, and the captivity of your captives in their midst;
      54 that you may bear your own shame, and may be ashamed because of all that you have done, in that you are a comfort to them.
      55 Your sisters, Sodom and her daughters, shall return to their former estate; and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former estate; and you and your daughters shall return to your former estate.
      56 For your sister Sodom was not mentioned by your mouth in the day of your pride,
      57 before your wickedness was uncovered, as at the time of the reproach of the daughters of Syria, and of all who are around her, the daughters of the Philistines, who do despite to you all around.
      58 You have borne your lewdness and your abominations, says Yahweh.
      59 For thus says the Lord Yahweh: I will also deal with you as you have done, who have despised the oath in breaking the covenant.
      60 Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish to you an everlasting covenant.
      61 Then you shall remember your ways, and be ashamed, when you shall receive your sisters, your elder [sisters] and your younger; and I will give them to you for daughters, but not by your covenant.
      62 I will establish my covenant with you; and you shall know that I am Yahweh;
      63 that you may remember, and be confounded, and never open your mouth any more, because of your shame, when I have forgiven you all that you have done, says the Lord Yahweh.

      Daniel 6

      4 Then the presidents and the satraps sought to find occasion against Daniel as touching the kingdom; but they could find no occasion nor fault, because he was faithful, neither was there any error or fault found in him.

      Osée 2

      1 "Say to your brothers, 'My people!' and to your sisters, 'My loved one!'
      2 Contend with your mother! Contend, for she is not my wife, neither am I her husband; and let her put away her prostitution from her face, and her adulteries from between her breasts;
      3 Lest I strip her naked, and make her bare as in the day that she was born, and make her like a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and kill her with thirst.
      4 Indeed, on her children I will have no mercy; for they are children of unfaithfulness;
      5 For their mother has played the prostitute. She who conceived them has done shamefully; for she said, 'I will go after my lovers, who give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, my oil and my drink.'
      6 Therefore behold, I will hedge up your way with thorns, and I will build a wall against her, that she can't find her way.
      7 She will follow after her lovers, but she won't overtake them; and she will seek them, but won't find them. Then she will say, 'I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better with me than now.'
      8 For she did not know that I gave her the grain, the new wine, and the oil, and multiplied to her silver and gold, which they used for Baal.
      9 Therefore I will take back my grain in its time, and my new wine in its season, and will pluck away my wool and my flax which should have covered her nakedness.
      10 Now I will uncover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and no one will deliver her out of my hand.
      11 I will also cause all her celebrations to cease: her feasts, her new moons, her Sabbaths, and all her solemn assemblies.
      12 I will lay waste her vines and her fig trees, about which she has said, 'These are my wages that my lovers have given me; and I will make them a forest,' and the animals of the field shall eat them.
      13 I will visit on her the days of the Baals, to which she burned incense, when she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and went after her lovers, and forgot me," says Yahweh.
      14 "Therefore behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak tenderly to her.
      15 I will give her vineyards from there, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope; and she will respond there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt.
      16 It will be in that day," says Yahweh, "that you will call me 'my husband,' and no longer call me 'my master.'
      17 For I will take away the names of the Baals out of her mouth, and they will no longer be mentioned by name.
      18 In that day I will make a covenant for them with the animals of the field, and with the birds of the sky, and with the creeping things of the ground. I will break the bow, the sword, and the battle out of the land, and will make them lie down safely.
      19 I will betroth you to me forever. Yes, I will betroth you to me in righteousness, in justice, in loving kindness, and in compassion.
      20 I will even betroth you to me in faithfulness; and you shall know Yahweh.
      21 It will happen in that day, I will respond," says Yahweh, "I will respond to the heavens, and they will respond to the earth;
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